Ken Youssefi Product Design and Manufacturing, SJSU1Most
Commonly Used MaterialsThe following 25 materials are the most
commonl used materials in the design of mechanical !roducts" in
themsel#es the re!resent the $road range of other materials% Steel
and Cast Iron 1% 1&2&'!lain car$on steel, hot(rolled or
cold(drawn)2% 1&*&'!lain car$on steel, hot(rolled or
cold(drawn)+% *1*&'heat(treated allo steel,
chromium(mol$denum)*% *+*&'heat(treated allo steel,
nic,el(chromium(mol$denum)5% S+&*&&'stainless steel)-%
S+1-'stainless steel).% /1'tool steel) 0% 1STM2&(-&'gra
cast iron) Ken Youssefi Product Design and Manufacturing, SJSU2Most
Commonly Used MaterialsAluminum and Copper Alloys 2% 2&2*
'aluminum, /, T+, T* or T-)1&% +&&+ 'aluminum, 312 or
31-)11% -&-1 'aluminum, T-)12% .&.5 'aluminum, T-)1+% 42-0
'co!!er) Other metals 1*% Titanium -(*15% 15-+1'magnesium) Ken
Youssefi Product Design and Manufacturing, SJSU+Most Commonly Used
MaterialsPlastics 1-% 16S1.% Polcar$onate10% 7lon -8-12%
Pol!ro!lene2&% Polstrene Ceramics21% 1lumina22%
9ra!hiteComposite materials2+% Douglas fir2*% :i$erglass25%
9ra!hite8e!o; Ken Youssefi Product Design and Manufacturing,
SJSU*Application of Most Commonly Used MaterialsComponentMaterial
Ken Youssefi Product Design and Manufacturing, SJSU5Application of
Most Commonly Used MaterialsComponentMaterial Ken Youssefi Product
Design and Manufacturing, SJSU-Application of Most Commonly Used
MaterialsComponent Material Ken Youssefi Product Design and
Manufacturing, SJSU.Properties of Most Commonly Used
MaterialsUltimate Strength in tension Ken Youssefi Product Design
and Manufacturing, SJSU0Properties of Most Commonly used
MaterialsYield strength Ken Youssefi Product Design and
Manufacturing, SJSU2Properties of Most Commonly used
MaterialsFatigue endurance limit 'strength under cclic loading) Ken
Youssefi Product Design and Manufacturing, SJSU1&Properties of
Most Commonly used MaterialsDensit Ken Youssefi Product Design and
Manufacturing, SJSU11Cost of Most Commonly used Materials Ken
Youssefi Product Design and Manufacturing, SJSU12Example Materials
for table legse wish to minimi?e the mass m of the leg%Objective
unction Ken Youssefi Product Design and Manufacturing,
SJSU1*Example Materials for table legsThe constraint is that the
legs must su!!ort a design load without $uc,ling%@ulerAs $uc,ling
eBuationThe weight is minimi?ed $ selecting the su$set of materials
with the greatest #alue of the material inde;%where I C
Dr*8*Sol#ing for the free #aria$le , r, and su$stituting it into
the eBuation for m gi#es,Material !ro!erties! Ken Youssefi Product
Design and Manufacturing, SJSU15Example Materials for table
legsSol#ing the @ulerAs formula for r, gi#es an eBuation for the
thinnest leg which will not $uc,le=Material !ro!ertiesThe thinnest
leg is that made of the material with the largest #alue of the
material inde;%Two material indices,To minimi?e the weight, $oth
ha#e to $e ma;imi?e% Ken Youssefi Product Design and Manufacturing,
SJSU1-Procedure for deriving material indices Ken Youssefi Product
Design and Manufacturing, SJSU1.Modulus of Elasticity (E) vs.
ensity (!) C"arts4onstant guidelines Ken Youssefi Product Design
and Manufacturing, SJSU10Modulus of Elasticity (E) vs. ensity (!)
C"arts Ken Youssefi Product Design and Manufacturing, SJSU12Modulus
of Elasticity (E) vs. ensity (!) C"arts Ken Youssefi Product Design
and Manufacturing, SJSU2& Ken Youssefi Product Design and
Manufacturing, SJSU21#ummary of materials for table legs
