Mosby items and derived items © 2010 by Mosby, Inc. an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 6 Medical Terminology Review

Mosby items and derived items © 2010 by Mosby, Inc. an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Chapter 6Chapter 6

Medical Terminology ReviewMedical Terminology Review

2Mosby items and derived items © 2010 by Mosby, Inc. an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Explain why using correct medical Explain why using correct medical terminology in medical settings is terminology in medical settings is importantimportant

Identify, describe three word parts that Identify, describe three word parts that make up medical termsmake up medical terms

State why understanding how each word State why understanding how each word part functions is importantpart functions is important

Pronounce various medical terms correctly Pronounce various medical terms correctly by applying appropriate pronunciation by applying appropriate pronunciation guidelinesguidelines


Learning Objectives Learning Objectives (Cont’d)(Cont’d)

Correctly change various medical terms Correctly change various medical terms from singular to plural formfrom singular to plural form

Define & give example of homonym, Define & give example of homonym, antonym, synonymantonym, synonym

Describe impact on patient care when Describe impact on patient care when paramedics have solid grasp of correct paramedics have solid grasp of correct medical terminologymedical terminology


Introduction Introduction

Medical terminologyMedical terminology Language used in medicine & health careLanguage used in medicine & health care Records every aspect of patient careRecords every aspect of patient care Understanding origins, components, guidelines Understanding origins, components, guidelines

for use can use medical terms correctlyfor use can use medical terms correctly


Introduction (Cont’d)Introduction (Cont’d)

Use of incorrect medical terminologyUse of incorrect medical terminology Ineffective, harmful treatment Ineffective, harmful treatment Loss of trust in paramedicLoss of trust in paramedic LawsuitLawsuit


Origins of Medical WordsOrigins of Medical Words

Majority come from Greek, Latin wordsMajority come from Greek, Latin words GreekGreek

• Refer to diseaseRefer to disease LatinLatin

• Anatomic structuresAnatomic structures Medical language combination of Greek, Medical language combination of Greek,

Latin, eponymsLatin, eponyms Words named for specific person, place, thingWords named for specific person, place, thing


Origins of Medical Words (Cont’d)Origins of Medical Words (Cont’d)

Medical eponymsMedical eponyms Specific peopleSpecific people Specific thingsSpecific things


Components of WordsComponents of Words

Break longer medical terms into smaller Break longer medical terms into smaller partsparts PrefixPrefix RootRoot SuffixSuffix


Components of Words (Cont’d)Components of Words (Cont’d)

Word rootsWord roots Establish basic meaning of wordEstablish basic meaning of word Compound rootsCompound roots

• Words with more than one rootWords with more than one root Each word root keeps basic meaningEach word root keeps basic meaning



PrefixesPrefixes Introduces another thought, explains word rootIntroduces another thought, explains word root Added before word rootAdded before word root Does not change meaning of rootDoes not change meaning of root Changes meaning of medical termChanges meaning of medical term Describe what, how, why, when of rootDescribe what, how, why, when of root



SuffixesSuffixes Added at end of word rootAdded at end of word root Changes, adds to word’s meaning, provides Changes, adds to word’s meaning, provides

further definitionfurther definition Able to change medical term to noun or Able to change medical term to noun or

adjective as neededadjective as needed



Combining forms & vowelsCombining forms & vowels Some word roots cannot combine with other Some word roots cannot combine with other

rootsroots Combining formCombining form

• Word root with added vowelWord root with added vowel Combining vowelCombining vowel

Guidelines for useGuidelines for use• Use before suffix that begins with consonantUse before suffix that begins with consonant

Use to join other root wordsUse to join other root words• Do not use before suffix beginning with vowelDo not use before suffix beginning with vowel


Using a Medical DictionaryUsing a Medical Dictionary

Pronunciation & spellingPronunciation & spelling VowelsVowels

• If followed by another vowel, first vowel receives long If followed by another vowel, first vowel receives long pronunciation, macron (¯) is placed over vowelpronunciation, macron (¯) is placed over vowel

• If followed by consonant, short pronunciationIf followed by consonant, short pronunciation


Using a Medical Dictionary Using a Medical Dictionary (Cont’d)(Cont’d)

Pronunciation & spellingPronunciation & spelling ConsonantsConsonants

• Some soft, hard soundingSome soft, hard sounding Unusual pronunciationUnusual pronunciation

• Two consonants together or Two consonants together or xx as first letter as first letter ChCh in in chromosome chromosome pronounced as pronounced as kk PhPh in in pharynxpharynx pronounced as pronounced as ff


PluralsPlurals

Forming plural words from English nounsForming plural words from English nouns Formed by adding Formed by adding ss to singular form to singular form Nouns ending in Nouns ending in s, ch, shs, ch, sh add add eses to singular to singular

formform Nouns ending in Nouns ending in yy preceded by consonant, preceded by consonant,

change change y y to to i, i, add add eses Nouns ending in Nouns ending in oo, add , add s s or or eses Nouns ending in Nouns ending in ff or or fe, fe, drop the drop the ff or or fefe, add , add

vesves


Plurals (Cont’d)Plurals (Cont’d)

Forming plural words from Latin & Greek Forming plural words from Latin & Greek nounsnouns Nouns ending in Nouns ending in aa, add , add ee Nouns ending in Nouns ending in axax or or ixix, change , change xx to to cc, add , add eses Nouns ending in Nouns ending in enen, drop , drop enen, add , add inaina Nouns ending in Nouns ending in exex, change to , change to icesices Nouns ending in Nouns ending in isis, change to , change to eses or or idesides Nouns ending in Nouns ending in mama, change to , change to matamata


Plurals (Cont’d)Plurals (Cont’d)

Forming plural words from Latin & Greek Forming plural words from Latin & Greek nounsnouns Nouns ending in Nouns ending in nx, anx, inx, ynxnx, anx, inx, ynx, change to , change to

ngesnges Nouns ending in Nouns ending in on, on, change to change to aa Nouns ending in Nouns ending in umum, change to , change to aa Nouns ending in Nouns ending in usus, change to , change to i i Nouns ending in Nouns ending in yy preceded by consonant, preceded by consonant,

change change y y to to i, i, addadd es es


Plurals (Cont’d) Plurals (Cont’d)

Forming plural words from Latin & Greek Forming plural words from Latin & Greek nounsnouns Spelling Spelling

• Incorrect can cause confusion, misdiagnosisIncorrect can cause confusion, misdiagnosis HomonymsHomonyms

• Medical terms sound alike, spelled differently with Medical terms sound alike, spelled differently with different meaningsdifferent meanings


Antonyms Antonyms

Root words, prefixes, suffixes have Root words, prefixes, suffixes have opposite meaning of another wordopposite meaning of another word


Synonyms Synonyms

Can be root words, prefixes, suffixes Can be root words, prefixes, suffixes Same or similar meaning as another wordSame or similar meaning as another word


Abbreviations Abbreviations

Some standard, used universallySome standard, used universally Check with local EMS provider/hospital for Check with local EMS provider/hospital for

approved listapproved list When in doubt, write word out fullyWhen in doubt, write word out fully


Practice Practice

Break down complex words into separate Break down complex words into separate partsparts

Look up new terms in glossary, dictionary Look up new terms in glossary, dictionary when studyingwhen studying

Spelling, pronunciation essential elements Spelling, pronunciation essential elements of effective communicationof effective communication


Practice (Cont’d)Practice (Cont’d)

Errors endanger patient’s health & Errors endanger patient’s health & paramedic’s reputationparamedic’s reputation

Proficient use demonstrates Proficient use demonstrates professionalism to patients, families, professionalism to patients, families, health care providershealth care providers Establishes credibilityEstablishes credibility


Chapter SummaryChapter Summary

Paramedics use medical terminology daily, Paramedics use medical terminology daily, must know how to determine meaning of must know how to determine meaning of termterm

Word parts used to build medical words Word parts used to build medical words are root words, prefixes, suffixesare root words, prefixes, suffixes

Understanding function of word parts helps Understanding function of word parts helps determine meaning of unfamiliar medical determine meaning of unfamiliar medical termsterms


Chapter Summary (Cont’d)Chapter Summary (Cont’d)

Practice makes perfectPractice makes perfect Use flashcard, practice writing, saying word, Use flashcard, practice writing, saying word,

look up in medical dictionarylook up in medical dictionary Practice pronouncing difficult medical Practice pronouncing difficult medical

termsterms Know guidelines for changing English, Know guidelines for changing English,

Greek, Latin words from singular to pluralGreek, Latin words from singular to plural



Homonym, word with same pronunciation Homonym, word with same pronunciation as another word, but different spelling, as another word, but different spelling, meaningmeaning

Antonym, word with opposite meaning of Antonym, word with opposite meaning of another wordanother word

Synonym, root word, suffix, prefix with Synonym, root word, suffix, prefix with same, almost same meaning as anothersame, almost same meaning as another



Correct use of medical terminology creates Correct use of medical terminology creates good impression, builds credibility with good impression, builds credibility with patients, familiespatients, families

Mosby items and derived items © 2010 by Mosby, Inc. an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

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Mosby items and derived items © 2010 by Mosby, Inc. an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 6 Medical Terminology Review