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Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 1
Chapter 7Chapter 7Vitamins
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 2
Chapter 7Chapter 7
Lesson 7.1Lesson 7.1
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 3
Key ConceptKey Concept
• Vitamins are noncaloric essential nutrients that are necessary in very small amounts for specific metabolic control and disease prevention.
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VitaminsVitamins
• Dietary reference intakes (DRI)
• Nature of vitamins Discovery• Early observations
• Early animal experiments
• Era of vitamin discovery Definition Classes of vitamins
(Cont'd…)
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 5
VitaminsVitamins(…Cont’d)
Functions of vitamins• Metabolic control agent: coenzyme partner
• Tissue structure
• Prevention of deficiency diseases Vitamin metabolism• Fat-soluble vitamins
• Water-soluble vitamins
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Lesson 7.2Lesson 7.2
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 7
Key ConceptsKey Concepts
• Certain health problems are related to inadequate or excessive vitamin intake.
• Vitamins occur in a wide variety of foods that are packaged with the energy- and tissue-building macronutrients (e.g., carbohydrate, fat, and protein) on which vitamins work as specific catalysts to regulate body metabolism.
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 8
Fat-Soluble VitaminsFat-Soluble VitaminsVitamin A (Retinol)Vitamin A (Retinol)
• Functions Vision Tissue strength and immunity Growth
• Requirements Food forms and units of measure Body storage
• Deficiency disease• Toxicity symptoms• Food sources• Stability
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Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)
• Functions Absorption of calcium and phosphorus Bone mineralization
• Requirements
• Deficiency disease
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 10
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
• Functions Antioxidant function Relation to selenium metabolism
• Requirements
• Deficiency disease
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
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Vitamin K Vitamin K
• Functions Blood clotting Bone development
• Requirements
• Deficiency disease
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 12
Chapter 7Chapter 7
Lesson 7.3Lesson 7.3
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 13
Key ConceptsKey Concepts
• Certain health problems are related to inadequate or excessive vitamin intake.
• Vitamins occur in a wide variety of foods that are packaged with the energy- and tissue-building macronutrients (e.g., carbohydrate, fat, and protein) on which vitamins work as specific catalysts to regulate body metabolism.
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 14
Water-Soluble VitaminsWater-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
• Functions Connective tissue General body metabolism Antioxidant function
• Requirements
• Deficiency disease
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 15
Thiamin (Vitamin BThiamin (Vitamin B11) )
• Functions Gastrointestinal system Nervous system Cardiovascular system
• Requirements
• Deficiency disease
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
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Riboflavin (Vitamin BRiboflavin (Vitamin B22) )
• Functions
• Requirements
• Deficiency disease
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
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Niacin (Vitamin BNiacin (Vitamin B33))
• Functions
• Requirements
• Deficiency disease
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
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Vitamin BVitamin B66
• Functions
• Requirements
• Deficiency disease
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
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Folate Folate
• Functions
• Requirements
• Deficiency disease
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
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Cobalamin (Vitamin BCobalamin (Vitamin B1212))
• Functions
• Requirements
• Deficiency disease
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
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Pantothenic Acid Pantothenic Acid
• Functions
• Requirements
• Deficiency disease
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
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Biotin Biotin
• Functions
• Requirements
• Deficiency disease
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
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Choline Choline
• Functions
• Requirements
• Deficiency disease
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Lesson 7.4Lesson 7.4
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Key ConceptKey Concept
• Vitamin supplementation needs are individual and specific.
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Phytochemicals Phytochemicals
• Function
• Recommended intake
• Food sources
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Vitamin Supplementation Vitamin Supplementation
• Ongoing debate
• Biochemical individuality Life cycle needs• Pregnancy and lactation
• Infancy
• Children and adolescents
• Aging
(Cont'd…)
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 28
Vitamin SupplementationVitamin Supplementation(…Cont’d)
Lifestyle• Oral contraceptive use
• Restricted diets
• Exercise programs
• Smoking
• Alcohol
• Caffeine Disease
(Cont'd…)
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 29
Vitamin SupplementationVitamin Supplementation(…Cont’d)
• Megadoses Toxic effects “Artificially induced” deficiencies
• Supplementation principles
