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Mosaic - Helping the World Grow the Food it Needs
Environmental Stewardship
- Subrata Bandy
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2
Outline
• Introduction
• Energy – Water – Land Nexus: System Thinking
• Renewable Energy – Life Cycle of a Landfill
• Mining to finished product
• Environmental Stewardship
• Product Stewardship
• Benchmarking
• Q&A
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Nexus – System Thinking
The nexus approach means system thinking and a quest for
integrated solutions to guide decision-making about
resource use and development, to minimize externalities
and ensure true sustainability.
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Energy – Water – Land Nexus
• Energy , Water, and Land are interdependent
• Water scarcity, variability, and uncertainty becoming more
prominent, leading to vulnerabilities of the energy system
• Climate, technology, and decision landscape different than
in the past
• Aging infrastructure an opportunity to make changes
http://www.energy.gov/seab/downloads/presentation-water-energy-nexus
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Energy – Water – Land Nexus – Example
Biofuel
Energy – Water Landscape
France is particularly vulnerable due to high power sector water dependency from nuclear generation and recurring heat waves.
Global Generation Units with Water Stress - yellow, orange, and red correspond with medium, high, to extremely high stress levels
India is highly reliant on inefficient coal-fired generation, and needs to power remaining 1/3rd of population. The country is improving coal-fired power generation efficiency and reclaiming waste water
Global Generation Units with Water Stress - yellow, orange, and red correspond with medium, high, to extremely high stress levels
Hydrocarbon rich yet water poor Qatar and Australia increasingly rely on desalinated water for drinking water. Both are moving to power desalination with renewable power and waste heat.
Global Generation Units with Water Stress - yellow, orange, and red correspond with medium, high, to extremely high stress levels
Coal-rich but water poor, China is adopting direct and indirect measures to reduce water intensity in coal-fired power generation
Global Generation Units with Water Stress - yellow, orange, and red correspond with medium, high, to extremely high stress levels
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Climate Change
The future of the water-energy
nexus must account for
• increasing temperatures
• changes in precipitation
patterns
• increasing climate variability
• more frequent extreme weather
events (e.g. floods and
droughts)
Source: EPA (2013)
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Water Footprint
The water footprint measures the amount of water used to
produce each of the goods and services we use.
http://waterfootprint.org/en/water-footprint/what-is-water-footprint/
• single process, such as growing rice
• a product, such as a pair of jeans
• a gallon of fuel we put in our car
• a multi-national company
• a specific river basin
• a country
• global
What is your water footprint?
1552 gpd (US average 2220 gpd)
Hickory Ridge Landfill – Life Cycle
Solar Cover – 1MW, 224 homes
http://www.hdrinc.com/portfolio/hickory-ridge-landfill-solar-energy-cover
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Energy Park – Life Cycle
• Recycle center
• Waste to energy
• Landfill gas
• Solar cover
• Additional revenue
• Low maintenance
• Water quality of runoff
• Landfill mining
• Re-recyle
• Fill material
• Create new volume
• Additional revenue
About us
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About us
• World’s largest combined producer of potash and phosphates
• Publicly traded since 2004 (NYSE: MOS), a Fortune 500 company.
• 22.2 million tonne capacity
• Largest producer of finished concentrated phosphates in the world - 11.7 million Tonnes
• One of the world’s largest producers of potash – 10.5 million Tonnes
• 9,000 people in 40 countries around the world
• Headquarter at Plymouth, MN; largest center of Phosphate
operation in Central Florida, and Potash in Saskatchewan, Canada.
• Growing globally with JV in Saudi Arabia and in Peru, and
acquisition in Brazil and Paraguay for distribution network.
Process Overview
Pe
bb
le
Tailings
Sand
Land Reclamation
Feed
Concentrate Flotation
Reverse Flotation
Sizing
Phosphate Rock
Fine
Feed
Coarse
Feed
Ultra
Coarse
Feed
Removed Clay
Washer
Clay Settling Area
Matrix
Field Operations
To River or Stream NPDES
Discharge
Mine Water Recirculation System
Min
e W
ate
r R
ecircu
lation S
yste
m
Tailings Water and Stormwater Return
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Draglines
Weigh up to 7 million lbs.
Boom length up to 325 ft. –
longer than a football field
Empty bucket weighs
~100,000 lbs. and holds up to
65 cubic yards
Electrically powered by 7,200
Volts Alternating Current
Operated by two employees
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Dredge Mining
Dredge’s ladder is suspended
underwater down to 90 ft.
Rotating “cutter” frees phosphate
from the ore deposit
Mines phosphate ore at differing
depths
New dredges use less fossil fuels,
LED lighting and are quieter
Mining Process
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Overburden
Matrix (phosphate, sand, & clay)
Unmineable (limestone or dense clay)
Overburden
Mining of Matrix
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Every drop of
water is counted
Floodplain
Silt Screen
Preserved Areas are Protected
Active Mining
Sensitive areas are set back from mining activity
Separated by a recharge ditch and berm system
Protects the hydrology of wetlands near or adjacent
to mining operations
Clay Settling Areas
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Clay slurry from plant
Water return to plant
Clay settling areas act a reservoir and allow mining operations to recycle and reuse water
Any water releases must meet state and federal regulatory standards
Permitted Discharge Structure
(Upstream Side)
Permitted Discharge Structure
(Downstream Side)
Water Quality Monitoring
Manufacturing Process
Gypsum
Stack
Power to
our mines
and the
grid Sulfur
Phos. Rock
Anhydrous
Ammonia
Air
Phosphate
Rock Storage
NH3 Storage
Sulfuric
Acid Plant Sulfuric
Acid
Phosphoric
Acid Plant
Merchant Grade
Phosphoric Acid
Granulation
Plant
Granular
Crop Nutrients
Animal Feed
Ingredients
Plant
Heat
Cogeneration
Plant
Defluorinated
Feed Phosphates
Phosphoric Acid
The fertilizer manufacturing process in Florida harnesses steam to generate green, carbon-free energy
Renewable Energy
Permitting
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Multi-year, multi-agency process requires
strict environmental standards to protect land,
water and wildlife resources
FEDERAL AGENCIES
Environmental Protection Agency
Fish & Wildlife Service
Army Corps of Engineers
REGIONAL AGENCY
Southwest Florida Water Management
District
FLORIDA AGENCIES
Department of Environmental
Protection
Department of Community Affairs
Fish & Wildlife Conservation
Commission
Division of Historical Resources
COUNTY APPROVALS Hillsborough
Manatee
Hardee
Polk
DeSoto
EPA
U.S. Army Corps
U.S. Fish & Wildlife
Florida DEP
Florida Fish & Wildlife Florida
Division of Historic
Resources
Water Management
District
County Gov
Mine Permitting
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Since 1975 All Mined Lands Are Reclaimed
Mosaic reclaims all mined lands
acre-for-acre and type-for-type
Reclaimed according to approved
plans: • Sand is returned to mine cuts
• Overburden is contoured
• Land is vegetated
Reclaimed for many uses:
• Land and lakes
• Scrub habitats
• Wetlands
• Wildlife habitats
• Forests
• Residential, agricultural and
industrial uses
Ensures hydrology will be restored according
to planned land use
Sand Backfill Reclamation
Land is re-vegetated
Reclaimed Streams and Wetlands
Dam
Clay Settling Area Reclamation
Dam
Areas are filled and dried using a ditch system
to drain the water
Earth movers use overburden from the dam
walls to cover and reshape the area
Land is re-vegetated
Reclaimed Clay Settling Areas
Mine cuts are shaped into lakes with shallow outer littoral zones for fish
spawning
Land and Lakes Reclamation
Wetlands are planted on edges and surrounding uplands are re-vegetated
Reclaimed Public Parks and Fishing Areas
Development on Formerly Mined Land
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Wildlife Stewardship
Pioneered wildlife relocation techniques, created prime habitats, and funded wildlife rehab and education programs
2008 FIPR study found almost 300 species of vertebrates utilized Florida reclaimed land
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Relocated 3,700 gopher tortoises to suitable habitats in the last 5 years
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Wildlife Stewardship
Established the largest population of scrub jays in west central Florida
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▪ Successfully translocated entire colonies of burrowing owls
Mosaic Water Stewardship
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Water Stewardship
Secure long term, sustainable water supply
Minimize ground water withdrawal
Maximize use of alternative water resources
Optimize surface water discharge
Demonstrate nutrient stewardship
Facilitate knowledge sharing
Over a span of nearly 40 years, the industry has reduced its GW usage by more than 75 percent.
Use Type 2001 2002 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Agriculture 318 273 199 298 273 240 291 304
Industrial /
Commercial 66 69 51 61 57 57 57 50
Mining / Dewatering 65 47 46 37 45 37 31 24
Public Supply 503 497 562 522 472 492 522 441
Recreation / Aesthetic 32 32 28 37 33 30 33 48
District Total 984 918 886 955 880 857 934 867
Mining/Dewatering -
as % of Total 6.6 5.1 5.2 3.9 5.1 4.3 3.3 2.8
Regional Water Use
Historical Water Use
Permitted Quantities
CURRENT
(CF facilities
not included)
Reclaimed Water Usage at Mosaic
Hardee County
Hillsborough County
Water Quality - Parameters of Interest
Parameter units
pH S.U.
Dissolved Oxygen mg/L
Conductivityᵻ µmhos/cm
Sulfate mg/L
Turbidity ntu
Total Nitrogen*ᵻ mg/L (tons)
Total Phosphorous*ᵻ mg/L (tons)
Fluoride mg/L
Un-ionized ammonia mg/L
Radium, Combined pci/L
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Mosaic is committed to nutrient stewardship and will comply with the newly promulgated NNC.
• Unlike any other “pollutant” regulated by CWA
• Present naturally in aquatic systems
• Absolutely necessary for proper functioning of
biological communities
• Typically not toxic
• Effects are site specific, often moderated by
many natural factors
• Broad-based criteria development is more
complicated
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Nutrients
• EPA Proposed rule “ONE SIZE FITS
ALL”
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EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria
4R Nutrient Stewardship
Image:TFI
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Benchmarking
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Benchmarking
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THANK YOU!
Subrata Bandy
13830 Circa Crossing
Lithia, Florida 33547
813-500-6564
Q&A