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1 Dates0-1 Terrain0-3 Camp
Min
Mandatory Optional Max
Experienced 0 4,6Javelin 6
Experienced 6 4,6Javelin 36
Experienced 0 6,8,9Javelin 56
- 6,8,9- All
Unskilled 6,8,9
Javelin Any
- 0 8,9,10- 10
Skilled 12 4,6Javelin 60
Experienced 0 6,9Javelin 18
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 9
Experienced 0 6,9Sling 9
- 4,6- All
Only Aurastians
Replace all foot and cavalryCAVALRY
Average Unprotected Long Spear - Combat ShyFormed Flexible
Combat Shy -Skirmisher
SlingersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
ArchersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
-Cantabrian, Combat ShySkirmisher
JavelinmenINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - - Combat ShySkirmisher
Light horseCAVALRY
Average Unprotected -
Barricades -Tribal Close
Farmers seeking plunderINFANTRY
Poor Unprotected - - Combat ShyTribal Loose
Place warriors behind tethered camels (only Austur from 363 AD)
INFANTRYAverage Protected -
- -Tribal Loose
Upgrade warriors (only Ifuraces)
INFANTRYAverage Protected Short Spear Melee Expert -
Tribal Flexible
WarriorsINFANTRY
Average Protected Short Spear
- -Formed Flexible
CavalryCAVALRY
Average Unprotected - - -Formed Flexible
NoblesCAVALRY
Superior Protected Short Spear
Later MoorishArmy Commander Any Instinctive 200 AD to 696 ADSub-Generals Any Instinctive Plains, Desert, MountainsInternal Allied Generals Any Instinctive Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
Later Moorish
- 0 4
- 4
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 6
- 0 4,6- 8
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 12
The Roman Province of Mauretania was first created in 25 AD but the Romans faced resistance from the start. A major Roman campaign was fought from 40 to 42. The area was then largely peaceful until the 3rd century when inland areas were taken over by Berber tribes and Roman rule confined to the coast. The inland areas formed a number of small kingdoms. Most recognised Roman rule but revolts broke out from 372 to 374. Independence was gained with the Vandal invasion of North Africa in 429 and maintained until the Byzantine conquest in 534. Fighting continued from 535 to 539 and 546 to 548. Some kingdoms then maintained their independence until conquered by the Arabs at the end of the 7th century.
Changes from last versionReclassified Moorish warriors.
AlliesByzantine allies - Thematic Byzantine (only in 681 AD)
NotesNobles must be in the C-in-C's command. Vandal, Byzantine or Roman deserters must each be in their own command under an ally general. An allied command may be from a different tribe.
Historical Notes
Byzantine deserters - only from 546 to 548 AD
Byzantine desertersCAVALRY
Average Protected Short Spear - Melee ExpertFormed Loose
Combat Shy CantabrianSkirmisher
Vandal deserters - only from 533 to 548 AD
VandalsCAVALRY
Average Protected Short SpearDevastating
ChargersMelee Expert
Formed Loose
Equites Quarto SagittariiCAVALRY
Average Unprotected -
Roman deserters - only from 373 to 374 AD
ConstantinianiINFANTRY
Average Protected Impact Weapon Shield CoverOrb/Square, Melee
Expert, Integral ShootersDrilled Flexible
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates0-3 Terrain0-1 Camp
Min
Mandatory Optional Max
- 24 4,6- 32- 0 4,6- 24
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 6
- 0 4,6- 30
Unskilled 0 6,8,9Javelin 60
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 12
Experienced 0 6,9Sling 9
Experienced 0 6,9Javelin 12
Historical NotesThis list covers the Bedouin armies of the Salih and Ghassanids, allied to the Romans from c. 420 to 636 AD. It also covers the Lakhmids, allied to the Persians from c. 400 to 602.
Changes from last versionIncreased maximum number of camel riders.
Combat Shy -Skirmisher
JavelinmenINFANTRY
Poor Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
SlingersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
- -Tribal Loose
ArchersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
FootINFANTRY
Average Protected Short Spear
- -Formed Loose
Camel ridersCAMELRY
Average Protected Short Spear - Combat ShyFormed Flexible
Al Shahba (Lakhmids)CAVALRY
Average Protected Short Spear
- Combat ShyFormed Flexible
Armoured cavalryCAVALRY
Superior Protected Long Spear - -Formed Loose
Bedouin cavalryCAVALRY
Average Unprotected Long Spear
Later Pre-Islamic BedouinArmy Commander Any Instinctive 300 AD to 636 ADSub-Generals Any Instinctive Desert, Plains if LahkmidInternal Allied Generals Any Instinctive Unfortified; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates0-3 Terrain
CampMin
Mandatory Optional Max
Unskilled 0 4,6Javelin 6
Experienced 0 4,6Javelin 6
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 12
Experienced 4,6Bow Up to half
Unskilled 0 4,6Javelin 12
- 4,6- Up to half- 0 4,6- 6- 0 4,6- 6
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 6
Experienced 0 6,8Darts 8
Experienced 6 4,6,8Darts 16
Experienced 0 6,8Bow 12
Experienced 0 6,8Bow 12
Legionaries or auxiliaINFANTRY
Average Protected Short Spear Shield CoverOrb/Square, Melee
Expert
Auxilary archers (before 461 AD)
Average Protected - - Combat Shy
Auxilary archers (from 461 AD)
INFANTRYAverage Unprotected - - Combat Shy
Formed Loose
Drilled Loose
Drilled FlexibleINFANTRY
- Melee ExpertFormed Flexible
Auxilia palatinaINFANTRY
Superior Protected Short Spear Shield CoverOrb/Square, Melee
ExpertDrilled Flexible
Alan or Hun mercenariesCAVALRY
Average Unprotected -
Devastating Chargers, Shove
-Formed Close
Equites alani or similarCAVALRY
Average ProtectedCharging
Lancer- Melee Expert
Drilled Loose
Equites clibinariiCAVALRY
Average Fully Armoured Long Spear
- Melee ExpertFormed Loose
Upgrade foederate cavalryCAVALRY
Superior Protected -Devastating
ChargersMelee Expert
Formed Loose
Foederate cavalryCAVALRY
Average Protected Short Spear
-Melee Expert, DismountableDrilled Loose
Upgrade horse archersCAVALRY
Superior Protected Short Spear -Melee Expert, DismountableDrilled Loose
Equites equipped as horse archers
CAVALRYAverage Protected Short Spear
- Melee ExpertDrilled Loose
Equites illyricaniCAVALRY
Average Protected Short Spear - -Drilled Flexible
EquitesCAVALRY
Superior Protected Short Spear
Eastern Later RomanArmy Commander Any Professional 441 AD to 493 ADSub-Generals Any Professional Standard, CoastalInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Fortified; Poor, Average or S
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
Eastern Later Roman- 0 6,8- 24- 6,8- Up to half
Experienced 6 6,9Javelin 30
Experienced 0 4,6Javelin 8
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 12
Experienced 0 6,9Javelin 9
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 18
This list covers the Eastern Roman Empire from the failure of the expedition to retake Africa until the reforms of Anastasius I.
Changes from last versionRenamed list (dropping Foederate). Archers optionally combat shy. Reclassified foederate troops. Reclassified legionaries and auxilia. Cataphracts devastating chargers.
Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
Later Pre-Islamic Bedouin allies
Notes Up to half the units of Equites, Equites equipped as horse archers, Equites Illyricani, Equites Clibinarii, Equites Mauri, Equites Alani or Equites Sagitarii may be upgraded to Superior.
Historical Notes
Equites sagitariiCAVALRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy CantabrianSkirmisher
Devastating Chargers
-
Isaurians (from 466 AD) Average Protected Short Spear - -Tribal Loose
Upgrade foederate infantryINFANTRY
Average Protected Short Spear
AlliesOstrogothic allies - Greuthingi or Early Ostrogoth
JavelinmenINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
ArchersINFANTRY
Average
Equites mauri or similarCAVALRY
Average Unprotected - - CantabrianSkirmisher
Devastating Chargers
-Tribal Flexible
Tribal FlexibleINFANTRY
Foederate infantryINFANTRY
Average Protected -
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates0-3 Terrain
CampMin
Mandatory Optional Max
- 0 4,6- 18- 12 4,6- 64
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 6
Experienced 0 4,6Javelin 6
Moorish allies - Late Moorish
Changes from last versionNone.
Historical NotesThe Vandals under Geiseric with some Alans crossed to Africa in 429 AD at the request of Boniface (Bonifacius), the military ruler of the region. Procopius asserts that the Vandals and Alans numbered 80,000 when they moved to North Africa. They quickly fell out with Boniface and by 432 had captured Numidia, despite Boniface receiving reinforcements from both Western and Eastern Roman Empires. Geiseric went on to capture Carthage in 439. Conquering Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica and the Balearic Islands, he built his kingdom into a powerful state. During the next thirty-five years, with a large fleet, Genseric looted the coasts of the Eastern and Western Empires and in 455 sacked Rome. In 460 and 468 the Vandals defeated Roman expeditions attempting to recapture Rome.In 533 the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I declared war and sent an expedition under Belisarius. The Vandals were defeated twice and by 534 had surrended. The choicest Vandal warriors were formed into five cavalry regiments, known as Vandali Iustiniani, and stationed on the Persian frontier.
NotesA command may not have more than one TUG of Best cavalry.
Allies
- Melee ExpertFormed Flexible
MoorsCAVALRY
Average Unprotected - - CantabrianSkirmisher
Alans (before 500 AD)CAVALRY
Average Unprotected -
Devastating Chargers
Melee ExpertFormed Loose
Vandal cavalryCAVALRY
Average Protected Short SpearDevastating
ChargersMelee Expert
Formed Loose
Best Vandal cavalryCAVALRY
Superior Protected Short Spear
Internal Allied Generals Mobile or Fortified; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
African VandalArmy Commander Any Instinctive 442 AD to 535 ADSub-Generals Any Instinctive Standard, Coastal, Mountains
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates1-3 Terrain
CampMin
Mandatory Optional Max
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 18
Experienced 10 4,6Bow 36
Skilled 0 4,6Bow 20
- 0 6,8,9- 24
Experienced 0 6,8,9Bow 24
Notes
Historical NotesThe Sabirs although referred to as ancient sources as Huns, were probably of Turkic descent and related to the Khazars. They lived north of the Caucasus, on the eastern shores of the Black Sea. They fought for both the Byzantines and Sassanid Persians at different times and were skilled in fighting on foot and in seige warfare. They are first mentioned by Priscus in 463 AD and last mentioned in connection with the Byzantine conquest in Caucasian Albania c. 580. They were probably assimilated into the Khazar or Bulgar confederations.
Changes from last versionNone.
A command may not have more than one TUG of Nobles and followers.
- -Tribal Loose
ArchersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
- -Formed Flexible
FootINFANTRY
Average Protected -Devastating
ChargersMelee Expert
Tribal Loose
Skilled horse archersCAVALRY
Average Unprotected -
- Melee ExpertFormed Loose
Horse archersCAVALRY
Average Unprotected - - Melee ExpertFormed Flexible
Nobles and followersCAVALRY
Superior Protected Short Spear
SabirArmy Commander Any Instinctive 450 AD to 582 ADSub-Generals Any Instinctive PlainsInternal Allied Generals Mobile; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates0-3 Terrain
CampMin
Mandatory Optional Max
- 0 4,6- 18- 12 4,6- 24- 0 4,6- 48- 0 6,8,9- 18
Experienced 0 6,8Bow 24
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 18
A command may not have more than one TUG of Noble cavalry. Cavalry dismount as Tribal Flexible, Devastating Chargers and Melee Expert (if taken) of equivalent quality.
AlliesSuevi allies (from 526 AD)Saxon allies - Old Saxon (from 568 to 574 AD)Bulgar allies - Early Bulgar (from 568 AD)
Notes
- Combat ShyTribal Loose
SkirmishersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
ArchersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
- Melee ExpertFormed Loose
Followers on footINFANTRY
Average Protected -Devastating
Chargers-
Tribal Flexible
FollowersCAVALRY
Average Protected Short Spear
Devastating Chargers
Melee Expert, DismountableFormed Loose
CavalryCAVALRY
Average Protected -Devastating
ChargersMelee Expert, DismountableFormed Loose
Noble cavalryCAVALRY
Superior Protected -
Internal Allied Generals Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
LangobardArmy Commander Any Instinctive 489 AD to 584 ADSub-Generals Any Instinctive Standard, Coastal, Mountains
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
LangobardHistorical NotesThe first mention of the Langobards (Long Beards) is by Paterculus who says that under Tiberius the power of the Langobardi was broken, a race surpassing even the Germans in savagery. They survived during the next four centuries. In 489 AD it is believed they migrated from the shores of the Elbe to former territories of the Burgundi possibly on the Oder.In the 540s, Audoin (ruled 546 to 560) led the Langobards across the Danube into Pannonia, where they received imperial subsidies as Justinian encouraged them to battle the Gepids. In 552, the Byzantines aided by a large contingent of Foederati, notably Langobards, Heruls and Bulgars, defeated the last Ostrogoths led by Teia in the Battle of Taginae. Audoin was succeeded by his son Alboin. In 568 joined by numerous Saxons, Heruls, Gepids, Bulgars and Thuringians he invaded Italy. By late 569 they had conquered all of northern Italy as well as occupying parts of central and Southern Italy and established the Lombard Kingdom .
Changes from last versionReclassified cavalry. Archers optionally combat shy. Added followers.
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates0-3 Terrain
CampMin
Mandatory Optional Max
- 0 2,3,4- 6- 0 4,6- 8- 0 4,6- 6
Experienced 6 4,6Bow 12
Experienced 6 4,6Bow 18
- 8* 4,6- 12- 0 6- 6- 0 6,8,9- 24
Experienced 0 6,8Bow 18
- 0 8,9,10- 48
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 12
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 9
Horse archersCAVALRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy Cantabrian
Archers Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
SkirmisherINFANTRY
- Combat ShyTribal Loose
LevyINFANTRY
Poor Protected Long Spear - Combat ShyTribal Close
KamandaranINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
- -Drilled Flexible
PaighanINFANTRY
Average Protected Short Spear - -Tribal Loose
Dailami guards (from 591 AD)
INFANTRYSuperior Protected Impact Weapon
- -Formed Loose
Armenian cavalry (from 596 to 617 AD)
CAVALRYAverage Protected
Charging Lancer
- Melee ExpertFormed Loose
AsvaranCAVALRY
Average Protected Short Spear
Devastating Chargers, Shove
-Formed Close
Best asvaranCAVALRY
Superior Protected Short Spear - -Formed Loose
ZhayedanCAVALRY
Superior Fully Armoured Long Spear
Shove -Tribal Loose
Asvaran cataphractsCAVALRY
Average Fully Armoured Long SpearDevastating
Chargers, Shove-
Formed Close
ElephantsELEPHANTS
Average Protected -
Sassanid PersianArmy Commander Any 489 AD to 628 ADSub-Generals Any Standard, Plains, Mountains
Internal Allied GeneralsMobile or Fortified; Poor, Average or Superior
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
Sassanid PersianExperienced 0 6,9
Sling 9Experienced 0 6,9
Javelin 9
Archers optionally combat shy. Cataphracts now Devastating Chargers.
NotesThe minima for Armenian cavalry only applies if non-allied Armenian cavalry are used.Arab allies and Sabir Hun allies cannot be used with Hepthalite allies.If any Sassanid generals are Professional then all must be.A camp can be superior if it carries the Derafsh Kaviani.
Historical NotesIn 488 AD Kavadh I came to the throne. With the support of the Hephtalites he launched a campaign against the Byzantine empire but a peace treaty was negotiated in 506. In 525 an attempt by the Iberians to switch their allegiance led to war a second war. The Byzantines were repulsed at Nisibis (527) but then under Belisarius beat the Persians at Dara (530). A second Persian army was defeated at Satala but the Persians defeated Belisarius at Callinicum (531) and a further peace treaty negotiated. In 540 Khosrau I, son of Kavadh, broke the treaty. After initial success, fighting concentrated on the region of Lazica, south of the Caucasus mountains by the Black Sea. A peace treaty in 562 recognised Lazica as part of the Byzantine sphere of influence. War again broke out when Armenia and Iberia revolted from Sassanid control in 571. After earlier successes, Khosrau was severely defeated outside Melitene (576). The Armenian revolt came to an end with Armenia back in the Sassanid Empire. War continued with the Byzantines until Khosrau II asked the Byzantine Emperor Maurice for assistance to defeat Bahram who had seized the throne. When restored to power Khosrau II handed control of western Armenia and Iberia to the Byzantines. When Maurice was overthrown Khosrau used this as a pretext for a new invasion. The Persians benefited from civil war in the Byzantine empire and conqueried Syria in 611 and Eghpt by 621. The Persians however were overstretched and the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius led a successful counter-attack between 622 and 627. Khosrau II was overthrown and murdered by his son Kavadh II in 628.
Changes from last version
Daylamite allies Hepthalite Hunnic allies (until 552 AD)Sabir allies
Combat Shy -Skirmisher
AlliesLahkmid allies - Later Pre-Islamic Bedouin (until 602 AD)Armenian subject allies - Armenian (until 604 AD)
JavelinmenINFANTRY
Poor Unprotected -
SlingersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates1-3 Terrain
CampMin
Mandatory Optional Max
- 0 6,8,9- 96- 0 6- 24
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 9
Experienced 0 6,9Javelin 36
NotesA command may not have more than one TUG of best warriors.
Historical Notes
Changes from last versionReclassified best warriors.
The highands of Daylam were a mountainous region south of the Caspian Sea. During the Sassanian period, they were ruled by descendents of Gushnap who was a Parthian vassal who submitted to the Sassanid emperor Ardashir I. An elite unit of 4000 Dailami were employed by Khosrau II. Muslim sources maintain that following the Sassanid defeat at the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah the Dailami defected to the Arab side and converted to Islam. The Daylamites resisted the Arab invasion of their own homeland for several centuries under their own local rulers. The Abbasid Caliphate occupied parts of the region but their control was never very effective. The reliance of the Abbasid Caliphate for mercenary soldiers and the conversion of the Daylamites to Islam led to local Arab dynasties including the Buyids and Ziyarids.
Combat Shy -Skirmisher
JavelinmenINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - - -Skirmisher
ArchersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
Devastating Chargers
Melee ExpertTribal Flexible
Best warriorsINFANTRY
Superior Protected -Devastating
Chargers-
Tribal Flexible
WarriorsINFANTRY
Average Protected -
DaylamiteArmy Commander Any Instinctive 489 AD to 654 ADSub-Generals Any Instinctive MountainsInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates0-3 Terrain
CampMin
Mandatory Optional Max
- 12 4,6- 60- 4,6- Up to half
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 6
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 6
- 0 6,8,9
- 18
Experienced 0 6,8Bow 24
Experienced 0 6,8Bow 8
- 0 6,8,9
- 9
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 18
NotesCavalry dismount as Tribal Close, Short Spear, Shield Cover of equivalent quality.
Combat Shy -Skirmisher
AlliesBurgundian allies - (from 548 AD)
SkirmishersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
Pavise Combat ShyTribal Loose
LevyINFANTRY
Poor Protected Short SpearShield Cover,
Integral Shooters
Combat ShyTribal Close
Upgrade archers with mantlets
INFANTRYAverage Unprotected -
Shield Cover, Integral
ShootersCombat Shy
Tribal Close
ArchersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - - Combat ShyTribal Loose
SpearmenINFANTRY
Average Protected Short Spear
- Melee ExpertFormed Flexible
Byzantine deserters (from 544 to 552 AD)
CAVALRYAverage Protected Short Spear -
Melee Expert, DismountableDrilled Loose
HunsCAVALRY
Average Unprotected -
Devastating Chargers
Melee Expert, DismountableFormed Loose
Upgrade cavalryCAVALRY
Superior Protected -Devastating
ChargersMelee Expert, DismountableFormed Loose
CavalryCAVALRY
Average Protected -
Internal Allied Generals Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Italian OstrogothicArmy Commander Any Instinctive 493 AD to 561 ADSub-Generals Any Instinctive Standard, Coastal, Mountains
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
Italian Ostrogothic
Increased maximums. Reclassfied cavalry. Archers optionally combat shy.
Historical NotesIn 488 AD Theoderic and his Ostrogoths set out to invade Italy under an agreement with the Eastern Roman emperor Zeno. After 5 years of war, a peace treaty was arranged between Odoacer and Theoderic, but at a banquet to celebrate the treaty Theoderic killed Odoacer and a massacre of his supporters followed.Theoderic and his Goths were masters of Italy, but retained the Roman system ofministration. All military matters remained the exclusive preserve of the Goths who mostly settled in northern Italy and kept themselves distinct from the Roman population.In 506 Theoderic found himself at war with the Franks who had attached the Visigothic dominions in Gaul. Through his successes he extended Ostrogothic rule into Provence at the expense of the Burgundians.In 535 the Byzantine emperor Justinian resolved to reclaim Italy. Between 535 and 554 a series of wars was fought between the Goths and Byzantines. In 540 the Byzantines captured Ravenna and held much of Italy, but the Goths continued to resist. By the end of the conflict Italy was devastated. As a consequence the Byzantines couldn't resist the invasion of the Lombards in 568.
Changes from last version
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates0-3 Terrain
CampMin
Mandatory Optional Max
Experienced 8 4,6Bow 30
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 6
- 0 4,6- 8
Experienced 4 4,6Bow 16
Experienced 4 4,6Bow 12
- 0 4,6- 6- 0 4,6- 6
Experienced 0 6,8Darts 48
Experienced 0 6,8Bow 8
Experienced 0 6,8,9Javelin 18
Experienced 0 4,6Javelin 8
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 18
Moorish or similar cavalryCAVALRY
Average Unprotected - - Cantabrian
Skirmishing archers Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
SkirmisherINFANTRY
- Combat ShyFormed Loose
IsauriansINFANTRY
Average Protected Short Spear - -Tribal Loose
ArchersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
Devastating Chargers
Melee ExpertDrilled Loose
SkutatoiINFANTRY
Average Protected Short Spear - Shield CoverFormed Close
Vandal JustinianiCAVALRY
Average Protected Short Spear
- Melee ExpertFormed Flexible
Foederate or symmachoi cavalry
CAVALRYAverage Protected Short Spear
Devastating Chargers
Melee ExpertFormed Loose
HunsCAVALRY
Average Unprotected -
Devastating Chargers, Shove
-Formed Close
Boukellarioi (from 518 AD)CAVALRY
Superior Protected -Devastating
ChargersMelee Expert, DismountableDrilled Loose
Clibinarii (before 518 AD)CAVALRY
Average Fully Armoured Long Spear
-Melee Expert, DismountableDrilled Loose
Upgrade kavallarioi (before 518 AD)
CAVALRYSuperior Protected Short Spear -
Melee Expert, DismountableDrilled Loose
Byzantine kavallarioiCAVALRY
Average Protected Short Spear
Early ByzantineArmy Commander Any Professional 493 AD to 578 ADSub-Generals Any Professional Standard, Coastal, MountainsInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
Early ByzantineExperienced 0 6,9
Sling 9Experienced 0 6,9
Javelin 9
Historical NotesThis list covers the period of Byzantine resurgence after the collapse of the western Roman empire.
Changes from last versionArchers optionally combat shy. Regraded symmachoi.
Sabir allies (from 518 to 575 AD)Frankish allies - Early Merovingian Frank (from 530 to 552 AD)Lombard allies - Langobard (from 551 to 552 AD)
Combat Shy -Skirmisher
AlliesLater Pre-Islamic Bedouin alliesArmenian allies
JavelinmenINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
SlingersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates0-3 Terrain
CampMin
Mandatory Optional Max
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 6
Experienced = Bow See note
Experienced 4 4,6Bow 12
Experienced = Bow See note
Experienced 8 4,6Bow 48
Experienced = Bow See note
- 0 4,6- 12
Experienced 0 4,6Bow See note
- 8* 6,8
- 24
Experienced 0 6,8Bow 8
- Combat ShyDrilled Loose
ArchersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
-African, Combat
ShyDrilled Flexible
SkutatoiINFANTRY
Average Protected Long SpearShield Cover,
Integral Shooters
Combat ShyDrilled Close
Detached koursoresCAVALRY
Average Protected -
Shoot & Charge -Drilled Loose
-----
OptimatesCAVALRY
Average ProtectedCharging
Lancer- Melee Expert
Formed Loose
Rear ranks (1/2 TUG)CAVALRY
Average Protected -
Shoot & Charge Melee ExpertDrilled Loose
Line cavalry
Front ranks (1/2 TUG)CAVALRY
Average ProtectedCharging
LancerShoot & Charge -
Drilled Loose
Rear ranks (1/2 TUG)CAVALRY
Average Protected -
Shoot & Charge Melee ExpertDrilled Loose
Phoideratoi
Front ranks (1/2 TUG)CAVALRY
Average ProtectedCharging
LancerShoot & Charge Melee Expert
Drilled Loose
Rear ranks (1/2 TUG)CAVALRY
Superior Protected -
Elite cavalry
Front ranks (1/2 TUG)CAVALRY
Superior ProtectedCharging
LancerShoot & Charge Melee Expert
Drilled Loose
Internal Allied Generals Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Maurikian ByzantineArmy Commander Any Professional 575 AD to 650 ADSub-Generals Any Professional Standard, Coastal, Mountains
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
Maurikian ByzantineExperienced 0 6,8,9
Javelin 9Experienced 0 6,9
Bow 18Experienced 0 6,9
Javelin 9
Changes from last versionArchers optionally combat shy. Skutatoi regraded. Allies added.
Troops with front and rear ranks specified must have equal numbers of each in the TUG. The maxima and minima shown are for the combined front and rear ranks.The maximum for koursores is 1 per 2 elite or line cavalry.The minimum for skutatoi only applies if any foot are used.Only one ally may be taken.
Historical NotesThe Byzantine emperor Maurikios codified current military practice in the Strategikon at the end of the 6th century AD.
Troop NotesThe cavalry consisted of lancers supported by archers, a tactic possibly adopted from the Avars. Detached units of horse archers, kousoures, were often recruited from Avars or similar tribes. The infantry took on a more defensive role during this period. Skutatoi wore a mail or lamellar corslet, carried the oval skuta shield and were armed with a 12 to 14 foot spear called a kontarion. Javelins or martiobarbuli (darts) were carried by the rear ranks and are classified as integral shooters.
AlliesMoorish allies - Later MoorishKhazar allies - Early KhazarGhassanid allies - Later Pre-Islamic Bedouin (until 636 AD)
Notes
Combat Shy -Skirmisher
JavelinmenINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
Skirmishing archersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
Lazoi, Abasgoi, Tzanoi and similar javelinmen
INFANTRYAverage Protected Short Spear - -
Tribal Loose
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates0-3 Terrain
CampMin
Mandatory Optional Max
- 8 4,6- 24- = - See note
- 8 4,6- 48- = - See note
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 6
- 0 6,8,9- 18
Experienced 0 6,8Bow 24
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 18
Notes Troops with front and rear ranks specified must have equal numbers of each in the TUG. The maxima and minima shown are for the combined front and rear ranks.Gastaldi and gasindi may dismount as Formed Loose, Protected, Short Spear of equivalent quality.
Short Spear Shieldwall Combat ShyFormed Close
ArchersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - - Combat ShyTribal Loose
Devastating Chargers
Dismountable
Followers (1/2 TUG) Superior Protected -Devastating
ChargersDismountable
AlliesAvar allies (from 590 to 601 AD)Slav allies - Southern Slav - (only in 603 AD)
SkirmishersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
Bulgar settlers (from 668 to 700 AD)
Average Protected Short Spear - -Formed Flexible
Italian town militia (from 650 AD)
INFANTRYPoor Protected
Devastating Chargers
Melee Expert, DismountableFormed Loose
CAVALRY-----
Followers (1/2 TUG)CAVALRY
Average Protected -
Retainers (1/2 TUG)CAVALRY
Average Protected Short SpearDevastating
ChargersMelee Expert, DismountableFormed Loose
Gasindi comprising
Formed Loose
CAVALRYFormed Loose
CAVALRY
Gastaldi comprising
Lesser nobles (1/2 TUG) Superior Protected Short Spear
Internal Allied Generals Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Italian LombardArmy Commander Any Instinctive 584 AD to 774 ADSub-Generals Any Instinctive Standard, Coastal, Mountains
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
Italian Lombard
Lombard cavalry tactics evolved from earlier Gothic tactics. The cavalry typically formed in two lines. Archers could be recruited from all free Lombards.
Changes from last versionRegraded Italian town militia and archers. Increased number of archers. Cavalry dismountable.
Historical NotesIn 568 AD the Langobards (Lombards) invaded Italy joined by numerous Saxons, Heruls, Gepids, Bulgars and Thuringians. By late 569 they had conquered all of northern Italy as well as occupying parts of central and Southern Italy. They established the Lombard Kingdom which although conquered by Charlemagne, continued to rule southern parts of Italy until the 11th century when they were conquered by the Normans. This list covers Italian Lombard armies until the conquest by Charlemagne.
Troop Notes
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates1-3 Terrain
CampMin
Mandatory Optional Max
- 6 4,6- 18- 0 4,6- 12
Experienced 16 6,8,9Javelin 120
- 2/3 0- All
Experienced 8 6,8Bow 32
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 18
Experienced 0 6,9Javelin 18
NotesA command may not have more than one TUG of fiercest cavalry.
Historical NotesThe Serbs were Slavs who probably mixed with the indigenous population. They occupied an area comprising roughly to modern Serbia. This area had been subjected to raids throughout the early period of the Eastern Roman Empire and in 7th century AD small Serb states start to emerge. By the mid-10th century the state had emerged into a tribal confederation ruled by the Vlastimirović dynasty. The tribes most likely consolidated due to the spreading of the Bulgarian Khanate towards their borders in the 9th century. The Bulgars were successfully resisted and Serbia converted to Christianity. In the late 10th century Serbia was contested between the Byzantines and the Bulgars. It is independent again by 1042.
Changes from last versionArchers optionally combat shy.
Combat Shy -Skirmisher
Skirmishing javelinmenINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
- Combat ShyTribal Loose
SkirmishersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
ArchersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
- Combat ShyTribal Loose
Replace javelinmen with spearmen (after 798 AD)
INFANTRYAverage Protected Short Spear - Combat Shy
Tribal Close
JavelinmenINFANTRY
Average Unprotected Short Spear
Devastating Chargers
Melee ExpertFormed Loose
Fiercest cavalryCAVALRY
Average ProtectedCharging
Lancer- Melee Expert
Formed Loose
CavalryCAVALRY
Average Protected Short Spear
Early SerbianArmy Commander Any Instinctive 627 AD to 1042 ADSub-Generals Any Instinctive Standard, MountainsInternal Allied Generals Unfortified; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates1-3 Terrain
CampMin
Mandatory Optional Max
- 6 4,6- 30
Experienced 16 6,8,9Javelin 108
- 2/3 0- All
Experienced 0 6,8,9Javelin 32
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 18
Experienced 0 6,9Javelin 18
Changes from last versionIncreased maximums.
Historical NotesThe origin of the Croats is uncertain. They are recorded as being ruled by Carolingian Lothar I in 828 AD but agreed a peace treaty with Venice in 839. They also successfully resisted an invasion by the Bulgars. They also resisted both the Arabs and Byzantines and in the early 10th century united the Dalmatian and Pannonian Croatians into a single state. Another invasion by the re-emergent Bulgars was defeated and better relations established with the Byzantines. Croatia was united with the Hungarian crown in the early 12th century.
Combat Shy -Skirmisher
Skirmishing javelinmenINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
SkirmishersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
- Combat ShyTribal Close
Warriors with axesINFANTRY
Average Unprotected Short Spear - Melee ExpertTribal Loose
Replace warriors with spearmen (after 798 AD)
INFANTRYAverage Protected Short Spear
Devastating Chargers
Melee ExpertFormed Loose
WarriorsINFANTRY
Average Unprotected Short Spear - Combat ShyTribal Loose
CavalryCAVALRY
Average Protected Short Spear
Internal Allied Generals Unfortified; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Early CroatianArmy Commander Any Instinctive 627 AD to 1089 ADSub-Generals Any Instinctive Standard, Coastal, Mountains
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates0-3 Terrain
CampMin
Mandatory Optional Max
- 0 2,3- 3
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 6
Experienced 6 4,6Bow 24
- 0 6- 6- 12 6,8,9- 36
Experienced 0 6,8Bow 18
- 0 8,9,10- 48
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 12
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 9
Experienced 0 6,9Sling 9
Experienced 0 6,9Javelin 9
Allies
JavelinmenINFANTRY
Poor Unprotected - Combat Shy -
Daylamite allies (until 643 AD)
Skirmisher
Combat Shy -Skirmisher
SlingersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
ArchersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
- Combat ShyTribal Close
Horse archersCAVALRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy CantabrianSkirmisher
LevyINFANTRY
Poor Protected Long Spear
- -Tribal Loose
KamandaranINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - - Combat ShyTribal Loose
PaighanINFANTRY
Average Protected Short Spear
- -Formed Loose
Dailami guards (until 636 AD)
INFANTRYSuperior Protected Impact Weapon - -
Drilled Flexible
AsvaranCAVALRY
Average Protected Short Spear
Shove -Tribal Loose
Best asvaranCAVALRY
Superior Protected Short Spear - -Formed Loose
ElephantsELEPHANTS
Average Protected -
Late Sassanid PersianArmy Commander Any 629 AD to 654 ADSub-Generals Any Standard, Plains, Mountains
Internal Allied GeneralsMobile or Fortified; Poor, Average or Superior
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
Late Sassanid PersianNotes
Changes from last version
Historical NotesThe death of Khosrau II led to chaos and civil war with six kings in five years. In 632 AD the first raids from Arab tribes, unfied by Islam, occurred. The Sassanids never mounted a
None.
A camp can be superior if it carries the Derafsh Kaviani.
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates0-2 Terrain0-2 Camp
Min
Mandatory Optional Max
Experienced 6 4,6Bow 30
Experienced = 0Bow See note
- 24 6,8,9- 64
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 18
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 36
Experienced 0 6,9Sling 18
- Melee Expert
Rear ranks (1/2 TUG) Average Protected - - -
AlliesByzantine allies - Thematic Byzantine (in 652 and from 654 to 661 AD)Arab allies - Arab Conquest (only in 653 AD)Abbasid allies - Arab Conquest (from 661 to 684 AD) or Ummayad and Early 'Abbasid (from 685 AD)
NotesTroops with front and rear ranks specified must have equal numbers of each in the TUG. The maxima and minima shown are for the combined front and rear ranks.Allied contingents do not need to take compulsory foot.
Combat Shy -Skirmisher
SlingersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
Combat Shy CantabrianSkirmisher
ArchersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
Local horse archersCAVALRY
Average Unprotected -
SpearmenINFANTRY
Average Protected Short Spear -Integral Shooters,
Combat ShyTribal Close
------
Formed Loose
CAVALRYFormed Loose
CAVALRY
Nakhararks and followers comprising
Front ranks (1/2 TUG) Average ProtectedCharging
Lancer
Internal Allied Generals Any Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Rshtuni ArmenianArmy Commander Any 638 AD to 705 ADSub-Generals Any Plains, Mountains
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
Rshtuni ArmenianHistorical NotesTheodoros Rshtuni was prince of Armenia from 638 to 655 AD and had the difficult task of ensuring Armenia's survival between Byzantine and Arab ambitions. The dynasty had ruled parts of Armenia since the 4th century. He defended, alongside the Byzantine General Procopius, against the first, unsuccessful, Arab attack into Armenia in 640. In 652 Rshtuni was able to negotiate a treaty that accepted Arab suzerainity but that left Armenia with a relatively high level of autonomy. In response the Byzantine emperor invaded Armenia. The Byzantines were initially successful but could not hold on to Armenia.Armenia remained independent but nominally under the Arabs until 700. A revolt in 703 was supressed and in 705 Armenia incorporated into a larger Emirate called al-Arminiya.
Changes from last versionNone.
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates0-3 Terrain
CampMin
Mandatory Optional Max
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 6
Experienced = Bow See note
Experienced 4 4,6Bow 32
Experienced = Bow See note
- 0 4,6- 12
Experienced 0 4,6Bow See note
Experienced 0 4,6Bow See note
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 6
- 0 4,6- 6
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 6
Shoot & Charge, Shove
-
Georgian cavalry Average ProtectedCharging
Lancer- Melee Expert
Shoot & Charge Melee Expert
Rear ranks (1/2 TUG) Superior Protected - Shoot & Charge Melee Expert
---------
Byzantine 2nd class thematic cavalry
Poor ProtectedCharging
Lancer-
Melee Expert, Dismountable
Detached koursores from Tagmata or 1st class cavalry
Average Protected - -African, Combat
Shy
Detached koursores from 2nd class cavalry
Poor Protected -
Formed Loose
Bulgar or Alan mercenariesCAVALRY
Average Unprotected - - Melee ExpertFormed Flexible
CAVALRYDrilled Close
CAVALRY
- Combat Shy
Kataphraktoi (from 904 AD) Superior Fully Armoured
Drilled Flexible
Long Spear
CAVALRYDrilled Flexible
CAVALRY
Formed Loose
Shoot & Charge -Drilled Loose
CAVALRY
Rear ranks (1/2 TUG)CAVALRY
Average Protected -
Front ranks (1/2 TUG)CAVALRY
Average ProtectedCharging
LancerShoot & Charge -
Drilled Loose
First class Thematic cavalry comprising
Drilled Loose
CAVALRYDrilled Loose
CAVALRY
Tagmata cavalry (from 740 AD) comprising
Front ranks (1/2 TUG) Superior ProtectedCharging
Lancer
Thematic ByzantineArmy Commander Any Professional 650 AD to 963 ADSub-Generals Any Professional Standard, Coastal, MountainsInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
Thematic Byzantine- 0 6,8
- 16
Experienced 0 6,8Bow 16
Experienced 0 6,8Bow 8
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 9
Experienced 0 6,9Sling 9
Experienced 0 6,9Javelin 9
-Javelinmen Average Unprotected - Combat Shy
Combat Shy
Armoured archers Average Protected - - Combat Shy
Troop Notes Some Byzantine archers carried shields and may have been referred to as skutatoi.
Skirmisher
INFANTRY
Archers Average Unprotected - - Combat Shy
Slingers
Drilled Loose
Cavalry with front and rear ranks specified must have equal numbers of each in the TUG. The maxima and minima shown are for the combined front and rear ranks. The maximum for koursores is 1 per 2 elements of Tagmata or 1st class Thematic cavalry.The maximum for 2nd Class koursores is 1 per 2 elements of 2nd class Thematic cavalry.Cavalry dismounting replace Charging Lancer with Short Spear.Georgians, Bulgars or Alans cannot be used with Moorish allies.Slav and Moorish allies cannot be used together.
Historical NotesThe Thematic system was introduced by the Emperor Heraclius which had been overrun by Bulgars and Slavs in the north and Arabs from Syria. The empire was divided into provinces called Theme and run by a commander who combined both the military and civil role. Soldiers were given plots of land in return for part-time service and their descendents were expected to follow them. This both reduced the cost of the army and reduced the need for conscription.
AlliesSlav allies - Southern SlavMoorish allies - Later Moorish (only in 681 AD)
Notes
SkirmisherINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -
INFANTRY
Skirmishing archersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
Drilled Loose
Drilled Close
INFANTRY
INFANTRYSkutatoi Average Protected Long Spear
Shield Cover, Integral
Shooters
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
Thematic ByzantineChanges from last versionRegraded cavalry and skutatoi. Archers optionally combat shy. Added Slav allies.
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates0-3 Terrain1-3 Camp
Min
Mandatory Optional Max
- 0 4,6- 12- 8 4,6- 48- 18 6,8,9- 48- 0 4,6- 6
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 6
Experienced 0 6,8Bow 16
- 0 6,8,9- 9
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 18
Italian levies Poor Protected Short SpearShield Cover,
Integral Shooters
Combat Shy
Skirmishers Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -
Byzantine and Frankish allies may be used together before 915. Otherwise only one external allied contingent may be taken.Allied contingents from this list do not need to take otherwise compulsory foot.
INFANTRYSkirmisher
Aghlabid allies - North African dynasties - (from 835 to 870 AD)Byzantine allies - Thematic Byzantine (from 835 to 960 AD) or Nikephorian Byzantine (from 963 to 1040 AD)Frankish allies - Carolingian (from 860 to 888 AD), East Frankish (from 889 to 933 AD) or Early Holy Roman Empire - (from 993 AD)Norman allies (from 1018 AD)
Notes
Allies
INFANTRYTribal Close
- -Formed Flexible
ArchersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - - Combat ShyTribal Loose
Magyar mercenaries (from 900 to 997 AD)
CAVALRYAverage Protected Short Spear
Shieldwall Combat ShyFormed Close
Norman mercenaries (from 1018 to 1028 AD)
CAVALRYSuperior Protected
Charging Lancer
Devastating Chargers
Melee ExpertFormed Loose
Italian town militiaINFANTRY
Poor Protected Short Spear
Devastating Chargers
-Formed Loose
Gastaldi, Gasinidi etc.CAVALRY
Average Protected Short SpearDevastating
ChargersMelee Expert
Formed Loose
Best cavalryCAVALRY
Superior Protected Short Spear
Internal Allied Generals Any Instinctive Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Lombard PrincipalitiesArmy Commander Any Instinctive 775 AD to 1076 ADSub-Generals Any Instinctive Standard, Coastal, Mountains
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
Lombard PrincipalitiesHistorical NotesAfter the conquest of the main Lombard kingdom by Charlemagne, Duke Arechis II of Benevento claimed that Benevento was the successor state of the kingdom. Charlemagne forced Arechis II to submit but he was for practical purposes independent. The Beneventan dukes took the title prínceps (prince) instead of that of king. The Lombards of southern Italy were thereafter in the anomalous position of holding land claimed by two empires: the Carolingian Empire to the north and west and the Byzantine Empire to the east. Benevetan power grew until 839 AD when a civil war erupted. A peace enforced by East Frankish king Louis II divided the kingdom into two states: the Principality of Benevento and the Principality of Salerno.The threat of the Arabs helped to unite the Lombards, Franks and Byzantines and in 915 the Arabs were ousted from Italy. During the 9th century Capua declared itself as a third Lombard principality but in 900 was united with Benevento. Apart from brief unification in 977, Salerno and Benevento remained divided. The Beneventan principality declined and fell under the control of the Papacy, while Salerno flourished briefly until shrinking and falling into the hands of the Norman, Richard Guiscard, in 1078.
Changes from last versionReclassified cavalry prior to 933 AD. Italian town militia reclassified. Numbers of cavalry modified.
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates0-1 Terrain0-2 Camp
Min
Mandatory Optional Max
- 4 4,6- 12
Experienced 8 4,6Bow 24
- 12 6,8,9- 45- 0 8,9,10- 24
Experienced 0 6,8Bow 16
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 8
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 18
Experienced 0 6,9Sling 9
SlingersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
Historical NotesThe Emirate of Armenia lasted until 884 AD, when the Bagratuni Ashot I, declared himself "King of the Armenians". He received recognition by Caliph Al-Mu'tamid of the Abbasid dynasty in 885 and Byzantine Emperor Basil I of the Macedonian dynasty in 886. In 892 the city of Dvin was captured from the Arabs, but this provoked the Arabs into attacking Armenia and weakened the Bagratid control. However the longer term decline of the Abbasid dynasty benefitted Armenia. In the 11th century the Byzantines started encroaching on Armenian territory. By 1045 the Byzantines were in control of the entire kingdom.
Changes from last versionArchers optionally combat shy.
Combat Shy -Skirmisher
Skirmishing archersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
- Combat ShyTribal Loose
Local horse archersCAVALRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy CantabrianSkirmisher
ArchersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
-Integral Shooters,
Combat ShyTribal Close
Peasant levyINFANTRY
Poor Protected Short Spear - Combat ShyTribal Close
WarriorsINFANTRY
Average Protected Short Spear
- -Formed Loose
AzatksCAVALRY
Average Protected Short Spear - Combat ShyFormed Flexible
Nakhararks and followersCAVALRY
Superior ProtectedCharging
Lancer
Bagratid ArmenianArmy Commander Any Instinctive 885 AD to 1045 ADSub-Generals Any Instinctive Plains, MountainsInternal Allied Generals Any Instinctive Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates0-3 Terrain0-1 Camp
Min
Mandatory Optional Max
Experienced 4 4,6Bow 12
Experienced 4 4,6Bow 16
Experienced = Bow See note
Experienced 4 4,6Bow 16
Experienced = Bow See note
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 6
- 0 4,6- 12- 0 4,6- 6
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 12
- -Formed Flexible
Horse archersCAVALRY
Average Protected Short Spear
-Melee Expert, DismountableFormed Loose
Frankish/Norman mercenaries (from 988 AD)
CAVALRYSuperior Protected
Charging Lancer
Devastating Chargers
Melee ExpertFormed Loose
Byzantine 2nd grade thematic cavalry
CAVALRYAverage Protected
Charging Lancer
Shoot & Charge -Drilled Loose
---------
KataphraktoiCAVALRY
Superior Fully Armoured Long SpearShoot &
Charge, Shove-
Drilled Close
Rear ranks (1/2 TUG)CAVALRY
Average Protected -
Shoot & Charge Melee ExpertDrilled Loose
Thematic cavalry comprising
Front ranks (1/2 TUG)CAVALRY
Average ProtectedCharging
LancerShoot & Charge -
Drilled Loose
Rear ranks (1/2 TUG)CAVALRY
Superior Protected -
African Melee ExpertDrilled Flexible
Tagmata cavalry comprising
Front ranks (1/2 TUG)CAVALRY
Superior ProtectedCharging
LancerShoot & Charge Melee Expert
Drilled Loose
ProkoustatoresCAVALRY
Average Protected -
Nikephorian ByzantineArmy Commander Any Professional 960 AD to 1058 ADSub-Generals Any Professional Standard, Coastal, MountainsInternal Allied Generals Any Professional Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
Nikephorian Byzantine- 0 6,8- 12
- 0 6
- 6
- 0 6,8
- 36
Experienced 0 6,8Bow 16
- 0 6- 12- 0 6,8,9- 9
Experienced 0 6,8,9Javelin 9
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 9
Experienced 0 6Javelin 6
Experienced 0 6,9Javelin 9
Experienced 0 6Sling 6
NotesTroops with front and rear ranks specified must have equal numbers of each in the TUG. The maxima and minima shown are for the combined front and rear ranks. Cavalry dismounting replace Charging Lancer with Short Spear.
Historical NotesDuring the late 9th and 10th centuries AD the Byzantine empire went on the offensive. By 1018 the Danube frontier was restored.
Combat Shy -Skirmisher
SlingersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
Skirmishing javelinmenINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
Combat Shy -Skirmisher
Rus javelinmenINFANTRY
Average Unprotected Short Spear - -Skirmisher
Skirmishing archersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected -
- -Formed Flexible
Slav mercenariesINFANTRY
Average Unprotected Short Spear - -Formed Loose
Armenian mercenariesINFANTRY
Average Protected Long Spear
- Combat ShyDrilled Loose
MenaulatoiINFANTRY
Average Protected 2-H Cut-Crush Shieldwall -Drilled Close
Armoured archersINFANTRY
Average Protected -
-Melee Expert,
Shieldwall, DismoutableDrilled Close
SkutatoiINFANTRY
Average Protected Long SpearShield Cover,
Integral Shooters
Combat ShyDrilled Close
Varangian guard (from 988 AD)
INFANTRYSuperior Fully Armoured Short Spear
VarangiansINFANTRY
Average Protected Short Spear Shieldwall -Formed Close
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
Nikephorian Byzantine
Varangians and Varangian Guard reclassified. Regraded skutatoi.
Changes from last version
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
1 Dates0-3 Terrain0-1 Camp
Min
Mandatory Optional Max
Experienced 4 4,6Bow 12
Experienced 4 4,6Bow 12
Experienced = Bow See note
Experienced 0 4,6Bow 6
- 6 4,6- 12- 4 4,6- 18- 0 4,6- 12- 0 4,6- Half
Experienced 4 4,6Bow 16
- 0 6,8- 12- 0 6- 6
Shoot & Charge -
---------
Frankish/Norman mercenaries
CAVALRYAverage Protected
Charging Lancer
Devastating Chargers
Melee ExpertFormed Loose
Front rank (1/2 TUG) Average ProtectedCharging
LancerShoot & Charge -
Tagmata cavalry comprising
VarangiansINFANTRY
Average Protected Short Spear Shieldwall -
Varangian guard Exceptional Fully Armoured Long Spear -Shieldwall,
DismoutableDrilled Close
Formed CloseINFANTRY
Devastating Chargers
Melee ExpertFormed Loose
Horse archersCAVALRY
Average Protected Short Spear - -Formed Flexible
Upgrade Frankish/Norman mercenaries
CAVALRYSuperior Protected
Charging Lancer
-Melee Expert, DismountableFormed Loose
Byzantine 2nd grade thematic cavalry
CAVALRYAverage Protected
Charging Lancer
Shoot & Charge, Shove
-Drilled Close
Thematic cavalryCAVALRY
Average ProtectedCharging
Lancer-
Melee Expert, DismountableDrilled Loose
KataphraktoiCAVALRY
Superior Fully Armoured Long Spear
CAVALRYDrilled Loose
Rear rank (1/2 TUG) Average
Drilled Loose
Protected -
African Melee ExpertDrilled Flexible
CAVALRY
ProkoustatoresCAVALRY
Average Protected -
Later Nikephorian ByzantineArmy Commander Any Professional 1059 AD to 1071 ADSub-Generals Any Professional Standard, Coastal, MountainsInternal Allied Generals Any Professional Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average
Name
Type
Quality Protection
Shooting Skill
Weaponry
Melee
Weaponry
Characteristics
UG SizeTraining and
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
Later Nikephorian Byzantine- 0 6,8
- 36
- 0 6- 12- 0 6,8,9- 9
Experienced 0 6,8,9Javelin 9
Experienced 0 6,9Bow 9
Experienced 0 6Javelin 6
Experienced 0 6,9Javelin 9
Experienced 0 6Sling 6
Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
Historical NotesAfter the death of Basil II, the expensive native army was reduced and the army relied more on mercenaries. It was decisively defeated in 1071 AD at Manzikert.
Changes from last versionVarangians reclassified. Skutatoi reclassified.
Rus javelinmenINFANTRY
Average Unprotected Short Spear - -Skirmisher
- -
Slav mercenaries Average Unprotected Short Spear - -Formed Loose
Armenian mercenariesINFANTRY
Average Protected Long Spear
NotesTroops with front and rear ranks specified must have equal numbers of each in the TUG. The maxima and minima shown are for the combined front and rear ranks. Cavalry dismounting replace Charging Lancer with Short Spear.
Skirmishing javelinmenINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
SlingersINFANTRY
Average
Skirmishing archersINFANTRY
Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher
Shieldwall -Drilled Close
Formed FlexibleINFANTRY
MenaulatoiINFANTRY
Average Protected 2-H Cut-Crush
SkutatoiINFANTRY
Average Protected Long SpearShield Cover,
Integral Shooters
Combat ShyDrilled Close
Version 2018.01 - 1st January 2018 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd