TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Pages

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

2.0 ORGANIZATION BACKGROUND 2

2.1 History of DBKU 2

2.2 Organization chart 3

2.3 Mission and Vision 3

3.0 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING ACTIVITIES 4

3.1 MORPHOLOGY 4

3.1.1 Tecoma 5

3.1.2 Cempaka Kuning 7

3.1.3 Salam 9

3.1.4 Bungor 11

3.2 MATURITY PERIOD OF FROM FLOWERS TO MATURED FRUITS 13

3.2.1 Tecoma 13

3.2.2 Bungor 16

3.2.3 Results of the maturation period 18

3.3 COLLECTION OF SEEDS 19

3.3.1 Seed collection 19

3.3.2 The process of separation of seeds 20

3.4 GERMINATION OF SEEDS 24

3.4.1 Preparation of planting medium 24

3.4.2 Preparation of the nursery base 25

3.4.3 Sowing seeds 27

3.5 RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS OF SEED GERMINATION 28 3.5.1 The growth stage of young plants 28 3.5.2 Factors affecting Cempaka does not grow well 29 3.5.3 Factors causing Salam did not germinate 30 3.5.4 The average height of young plants 31 3.5.5 The growth rate of young plants 32

4.0 BENEFITS GAINED FROM TRAINING 34

5.0 SUGGESTION 34

6.0 CONCLUSION 35

7.0 APPENDIX

8.0 REFERENCE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

In industrial training, each of us has been given 4 types of trees. The trees will be studied

morphology, maturity, seed collection and germination

Collection and germination of seeds are the two things are related, in which seed is

collected, and so the seeds will be in seed germination and studied. That is the main task that

we need to do during training DBKU Industry. There are also additional activities that

examine seed maturity and determine the morphology tree.

The morphology of these trees is important to know the characteristics of a tree. Each tree

has different characteristics. Features can be seen in terms of shape, leaves, height, seed size,

and so forth. Through morphological trees, we can also distinguish a tree

Research seed maturity is important to know the period of time taken for the flower to

matured fruits.

Collecting seeds is not only to the extent collected. It will go through the process of

separation between the fruits and seeds. The separation process depends on the type of tree.

Some trees do not require separation of seed plants such as Tecoma, Bungor. Meanwhile, the

Salam and Cempaka requires separation.

Germination of seeds is where the seeds germinate into seedlings. During the germination

process is to be recorded and studied. The results showed differences in terms of height, leaf

number, and a growing number of young trees.

2.0 ORGANIZATION BACKGROUND

2.1 History of DBKU

Kuching was conferred a city status on 1st August 1988, making it the second

Malaysian's city after Kuala Lumpur. Due to its vastness the city was divided into two

administrative areas: namely north and south. The City of Kuching North

Commission or Dewan Bandaraya

Kuching Utara (DBKU), in Malay,

administrates the northern part and the

Councils of Kuching South or Majlis

Bandaraya Kuching Selatan (MBKS)

the southern part.At its establishment,

DBKU started with only eight

personnel on its payroll in August

1988. DBKU now (2008) has 1,007

personnel under its employment

comprises; 35 full time professionals

and administrative staff, 696 support

staff and 276 daily paid workers. The first Mayor was Datu Dr. Yusoff Haji Hanifah

(1988-1994), the second was Datu Haji Awang Ehsan Joini (1995 - 2000), the third

was Tn. Haji Madehi Haji Kolek (2001- 2004), the fourth was Datu Abdul Hamid b.

Mohd. Yusoff (2005-2007) and the current mayor is YBhg. Tuan Haji Mohamad Atei

Abang Medaan. Since its inception DBKU has been developing the city in line with

its vision, into a cultured, clean and well-planned city so that its inhabitants can be

proud of it. As the capital and gateway of Sarawak, DBKU endeavours to make

Kuching a clean city to promote a good image of Sarawak, especially to foreign

visitors. Kuching City is populated by people of many ethnic groups; namely the

Malays, Chinese, Iban, Bidayuh and Melanau each with their different cultural

backgrounds making Kuching as an interesting ethnics showcase to tourists both

foreign and local. Kuching City also has many parks and historical landmarks.

2.2 ORGANIZATION CHART

.

2.3 MISSION AND VISSION

Mission- An Attractive, Cultured, Clean and Safe City

Vission- To enhance the quality of life of our community through excellent delivery

of services

3.0 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING ACTIVITIES

3.1 MORPHOLOGY

Plant morphology "represents a study of the development, form, and structure of

plants, and, by implication, an attempt to interpret these on the basis of similarity of

plan and origin." There are three major areas of investigation in plant morphology,

and each overlaps with another field of the biological sciences.

First of all, morphology is comparative, meaning that the morphologist examines

structures in many different plants of the same or different species, then draws

comparisons and formulates ideas about similarities. When structures in different

species are believed to exist and develop as a result of common, inherited genetic

pathways, those structures are termed homologous. Secondly, plant morphology

observes both the vegetative (somatic) structures of plants, as well as the reproductive

structures. The vegetative structures of vascular plants includes the study of the shoot

system, composed of stems and leaves, as well as the root system. The reproductive

structures are more varied, and are usually specific to a particular group of plants,

such as flowers and seeds, fern sori, and moss capsules. The detailed study of

reproductive structures in plants led to the discovery of the alternation of generations

found in all plants and most algae. This area of plant morphology overlaps with the

study of biodiversity and plant systematics.

Thirdly, plant morphology studies plant structure at a range of scales. At the

smallest scales are ultrastructure, the general structural features of cells visible only

with the aid of an electron microscope, and cytology, the study of cells using optical

microscopy. At this scale, plant morphology overlaps with plant anatomy as a field of

study. At the largest scale is the study of plant growth habit, the overall architecture

of a plant. The pattern of branching in a tree will vary from species to species, as will

the appearance of a plant as a tree, herb, or grass.

3.1.1 Tecoma

Scientific name: Tabebuia rosea

Common name: Tecoma

Famili: Bignoniaceae

A

B

E F

C

D

Figure 1:(A) tecoma, (B) Flower (C) Leaf (D) Seeds (E) Immature fruits(F) the

mature fruits

Scientific name: Tabebuia rosea

Common name: Tecoma pink or white tecoma

Family: Bignoniaceae

Origin: West Indies, Central and South America Division

Size and height: The height of 5-12 meters

Form: Very interesting. there are five petals of flower, soft seeds, fruits, such

as extending its long beans.

Texture: The surface of the leaves in the leaf pile and smooth.

Colors: white or pink flowers. Immature green fruit, and the fissure itself as

easy to fly if seed matchured. (see figure 1)

Cultural: Rapid growth, suitable for all types of land, bred by seed.

Landscapes Note: This plant flowers and seeds quickly remove her quickly

maturing, suitable for planting in the street and parks.

Uses: Used as ornamental and shade trees.

.

.

3.1.2 Cempaka

Scientifik Name: Michelia Champaka Linn.

Common name: Cempaka kuning

Famili: Magnoliaceae

Figure 2:(A) Cempaka, (B) Flower(C) Leaf (D) Seeds(E) immature fruits (F) The

mature fruits

A

B

C

D

E F

Scientific name: Michelia Linn champaka

Common name: yellow Cempaka

Family: Magnoliaceae

Origin: India

Size and height: The height of 4-6 meters

Shape: oval fruit

Texture: coarse fruit, seeds smooth

Color: red fruit when mature. Yellow flowers. (See figure 2)

Cultural: bred by seed,

Note landscapes: Can live in any land, but more suitable for planting in sandy

soil for the germination stage. \

Uses: Can be used as a fragrance house, car or anywhere

3.1.3 Salam

Scientifik name: Euginia polyantha

Common name Salam,serah,kayu,

Famili: Mytaceae

A

B

C

D

E

\

F

Figure 3:(A) Salam, (B) Flower(C) Leaf (D) seed (E) immature fruits(F) the mature

fruits

Scientific name: Eugenia polyantha

Common name: Salam, serah kayu

Family: Mytaceae

Origin : bay tree usually grows in the bushing lowland areas

Size and height: 5-10 meters high

Form : Flower her less attractive, beautiful as the season mature globular, size

0.8-1.0cm pieces.

Texture: smooth fruit, seed a little rough. Upper and lower leaf surfaces

smooth.

Color: white small flowers are yellow and the fruits green if immature and the

red fruits if mature (See Figure 3)

Cultural : bred by seed.

Landscapes Note: Flowering of each year, taking a long time to mature.

Uses: Used as ornament, its fruit can be eaten when cooked

.

3.14 Bungor

Scientific name: Lagerstromia specioasa

Common name: Bungor pink

Famili: Lythraceae

E F

A D

C

B

Figure 4:(A) Bungor, (B) Flower(C) leaf (D) Seeds (E) Immature fruits(F) The

mature fruits

Scientific name: Lagerstromia speciosa (L.flos-reginae)

Family: Lythraceae

Origin: India to Australia, Malaysia from north

Size and height: medium tree large (15m).

Shape: Attracting the heavy flowering. , Globular fruit the size of 2-3 cm, 4-6

cm wide leaves and leaves 12-14cm long

Texture: The surface of the leaves a little rough and the smooth

Colors: pink or purple flowers. and there are six petals. Green fruit (Fig. 4e) if

not cooked and brown when ripe (Figure 4F)

Cultural: bred by seed, suitable for planting in open areas with adequate

lighting. Soil mixture (1: 1) sand, coconut peat

Landscapes Note: Flowering of each year, the flowering date was still under

review.

Uses: shade and ornamental trees.

3.2 MATURITY PERIOD OF TREE SEED

This study requires a more careful observation. To study the period of time taken for

the fowers to turn into fruits. And to find out the time taken for the fruits to be

matured. Besides that, it can facilitate the collection of seeds.

3.2.1 Tecoma

Sc ientific name : Tebebuia rosea

Common name: Tecoma

Area: Lorong Stapok,Jalan Taza,Kuching Sarawak

Date Picture Notes

First Week

27.7.10

(Tuesday)

-Choosing a flower from a

tree and took picture of it.

Within every week,

observation was done on

the process to know for

how long does the flower to

change into fruits.

Second Week

3.8.10

(Tuesday)

- flowers fall, but did not

produce fruit.

Third week 10.8.10-(Tuesday)

-Tecoma trees produce a lot

of flower. Flowers observed

previously undetectable

- forced to review this week

to see how long the flowers

into fruits.

Fourth Week 18.8.10 - (Wednesday)

- Tecoma flowers are not as

much last week. Flowering

plants have to be autumn

-3 Seeds like in the picture

was taken on a different

tree to accelerate research

on seed maturity.

Fifth week of

24.8.10

(Tuesday)

-No changes, still not

produce fruits

-Similarly, the third-seed, it

is still immature

Sixth Week

1.9.10

(Wednesday)

- Finally, tecoma flower has been producing fruit, just waiting for the mature fruit.

- 3 seed in the other trees

have matured

Seventh week

7.9.10

(Tuesday)

-Tecoma-seed is still no

change.

-Still not mature

Eight Week

14.9.10

(Tuesday)

-Seed has matured

1.1.1 Bungor

Scientific name: Lagerstromia speciosa

Common name: Bungor

Area: Lorong Stapok,Jalan Taza,Kuching Staza

Date Picture Notes

First Week

27.7.10

(Tuesday)

- Choosing a flower from a

tree and took picture of it.

Within every week,

observation was done on

the process to know for

how long does the flower

to change into fruits.

Second Week

3.8.10

(Tuesday)

- Flowers have turn into

fruit, but not completely.

Third week 10.8.10-(Tuesday)

-The flowers turn into fruit

completely.

-Just waiting for mature

fruits.

Fourth Week

18.8.10 -

(Wednesday)

- No change. Fruits still

not immature

Fifth week of

24.8.10

(Tuesday)

-Still no changes.

3.2.2 Results of the seed maturation period

Tecoma quickly produce flowers and fruits. But not all flower will

produce fruits.

Bungor flowers quickly became fruits and most flowering plants

produce fruits

Tecoma fruits mature faster than bungor, fruits maturity tecoma

only take 2-3 weeks. But Bungor take a long time. It is still

immature.

Sixth Week

1.9.10

(Wednesday)

-still no changes

Seventh week

7.9.10

(Tuesday)

-still no changes

Eight week

14.9.10

(Tuesday)

Still no change

3.3 COLLECTION OF SEED

A seedling is a young plant saprophyte developing out of a plant embryo from a seed.

Seedling development starts with germination of the seed. A typical young seedling

consists of three main parts: the radicle (embryonic root), the hypocotyls (embryonic

shoot), and the cotyledons (seed leaves). The seeds will be collected and eventually

planted. The process of collecting seeds is almost the same as using the same

equipment and methods.

3.3.1 Seed collection

3.3.1.1 Equipment to collect seeds

There are three types of seed collection. Among them were

collected from the ground, quoting from the trees under 5 meter

and collect goods for more than 5 meters. Collect of the land

referred to is, the seeds can be taken out of the ground like a

Salam. Trees that can be collected from trees less than 5 meters is

Cempaka, as well as the Salam because the height of the tree

Salam and Cempaka not exceed 5 meters above and it is easy seed

collection. Many mature trees tecoma than 5 meters above. This

difficult process of collecting seeds for the mature seeds tecoma

because are also always on high.

3.3.1.2 The collection of seeds

Before collecting seeds, location and travel must be planned.

Provide equipment that will be used seeds as long scissors, scissors

short, plastic, pole, and cameras. While collecting, selecting seeds

that have matured and suitable for sowing. The higher seed has

been taken using a long pair of scissors. Meanwhile, the lower

seeds are taken by hand or cut short. Then be inserted into the

plastic that has been provided. Was taking pictures during the run

and make the collection of entry to insert into the report.

3.3.2 The process of separation of seeds

Segregation is the separation of seed or division of the fruits and seeds.

Seeds that have been separated shall be the seed that is truly ripe, in good

condition and suitable for planting. Some seeds of the different separation

processes, as well as the four species of trees that have been assigned to

us. Below shows the separation of the four tree species;

3.3.2.1 Cempaka

Cempaka will be collected when the fruit is ripe. Figure 5: (A)

shows that a mature fruit Cempaka. (B), Fruit Cempaka made after

splitting. Seeds in it has to pull the skin up to reveal black seeds

like (figure C) and the black seed is to be sown, (Figure (C): The

seeds that will produce goods Cempaka .

A

C

B

Cempaka separation process

1. Cempaka dried fruit and cut in

half using scissors

4. Seeds were dried for few minutes

5. Sowing seeds in the container

nursery provided

3. The seeds will be immersed in a fungicide

2. Seeds in the middle layer that is ready

was isolated and need to split the

soaked to make it easier for get seeds.

Then the seed is to be sown.

3

3.3.2.2 Tecoma

Tecoma fruit seed-like shape elongated long bean. Fruit mature

will be open by itself. These seeds do not need to make the process

of its isolation because it can be planted directly.

3.3.2.3 Bungor

Bungor seeds as tecoma it light and easy to fly. It is its round

shape and dark brown color and the fruit will split when ripe.

Figure 6(b): The mature seeds Figure 6(a): Immature fruits

Figure 6(c): These seeds will produce

of tecoma tree

Figure 7 (a): the picture show

is the maturity of the fruit

and cracking bungor

Figure 7(b): These seeds will

produce of Bungor tree

1.1.1.1 Salam

f

1 Dried fruit.

2. Separating the fruit from the branches

3. Fruit Salam have been soaked to facilitate separation of seeds

and fruit Salam.

4. The seeds will be immersed in a fungicide

5. Next will be planted in a container nursery provided

3.4 GERMINATION OF SEEDS

3.4.1 Preparation of planting medium

.

Medium nursery using the mixing ratio was introduced by John Innes.

Materials to be used is a mixture of peat soils and sand. Coconut peat is

best used for medium to retain moisture, improve soil structure and

drainage. On the boat it can reduce soil compaction, and the independent

effects of chemicals. The ratio used is the nursery media (1:1) sand:

coconut peat

Method:

1. Use 2 parts of the land as shown above, 1 part coconut peat and 1 part

sand (1:1), preferably clear all the material on cement;

2. Mix the mixture by turning using a shovel. It should be done by a few

times to mix a smooth / uniform.

Coconut peat Sand

Figure 8(a) : The ratio used is the nursery media (1:1)

sand: coconut peat

3.4.2 Preparation of the nursery base

Nursery is a place of seed sowing the seeds of which have been cited

previously. The rate of germination of seeds will be recorded for research

on the tree. Below shows the method of making container nursery will be

used;

Equipment / materials

• Container

• hole punch

• The seeds that have been processed

• Ruler

• Marker

• Soil mixture (1:1)

Figure 8(b) : The picture above shows the mixed medium

nursery

Method of making nursery base

1. Benchmark basins to create a hole

2. Punched a hole to drain the already

marked.

4. Former nursery should be watered

completed before sowing seeds.

3. Ready punched holes were filled

with soil mixture. Peat, sand

(1:1)

3.4.3 Sowing seeds

The selection of seed should be done thoroughly before sowing. Seeds

should be selected is properly before seeding .The selection of seeds shall

be based on:

The seeds have to be thoroughly pure seed;

The seeds should be free from diseases or pests;

The seeds should not have any injuries

Seeds of ripe fruit and the fruit instead of fruit beginning mid or

late fruit

The purpose of this seed was sown to investigate the rate of growth of

seeds, such as differences in height, leaf number, number of trees that

grow in the four tree species at the specified time period.

3.5 RESULT AND OBSERVATION

3.5.1 The growth stage of young plants

Trees that have been sown, will be observed from day to day. From seed,

until the young plants, becoming a large tree. However, in our study is to

observe the seeds to seedlings immediately. Because the research was only

for 2 months. Below shows the growth of young trees and bungor

tecoma. Cempaka tree growth is not shown because of Cempaka do not

grow well and Salam did not germinate at all.

Observations of Tecoma : Tecoma has 6 levels of growth. Growth process

of seeds to the young plants very fast. Just take a few weeks.

Figure 9(a): The picture above shows the growth in the past 2 months

tecoma

First day

4-6 days

11-13 days

15-17 days 18-20 days

3-4 weeks

7-8 weeks

THE

GROWTH

STAGE OF

TECOMA

THE GROWTH STAGE OF BUNGOR

Figure9(b) : The picture above shows the growth in the past 2

month bungor

Observations of Bungor: Bungor has 4 levels of growth. The Bungor

process is very slow compared to growth tecoma.

3.5.2 FACTORS AFFECTING CEMPAKA DOES NOT GROW WELL

Cempaka germination increased at first, but was dropped in the end, It is

caused by the many trees withered due to lack of water and insect attack.

resistance of seedlings is very low. seeds are not suitable for planting in

the medium(1:1) of sand and coconut peat. Cempaka tree seed is a lot of

maturity and easily collected, then, replanting has been done. The results

of this replanting will not be recorded. Just look at whether growing or

not. Replanting is to use a different medium than before, simply using

only sand medium.

1st days 14-16 days 3-4 weeks 7-8 weeks

Figure 10(a):

Before

replanting,Cem

paka cannot

grow well

Figure 10(a):

After

replanting,

Cempaka grow

well

3.5.3 FACTORS CAUSING SALAM DID NOT GERMINATE

Seeds do not grow because the seeds are very sensitive Salam, moldy

easily. Environmental conditions is one factor causing this moldy seed. I

tried to make replanting, but because the seeds are ripe hard to find. In

addition, this tree is planted only a few places around Kuching.

Figure 11(a): Salam tree did

not germinate

3.5.4 The average height of young plants

Each species has different rates of height. Tecoma faster than Bungor,

Salam and Cempaka. While the number of leaves produced by bungor is

faster than other trees. Under the table and graph shows the height

differences for the four tree species for a period of 8 weeks.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Tecoma

Cempaka

Salam

Bungor

Height (cm)

Weeks Tecoma Cempaka Jambu Laut Bungor

1 1 0 0 0

2 3 0 0 0.5

3 5 0.5 0 1

4 7 1 0 2

5 8 1.5 0 3

6 9 2 0 3.5

7 10 3 0 4

8 11 4 0 5

The average height of young plants Height (cm)

3.5.5 The growth rate of young plant

The growth rate of seedlings is very important to be recorded and

investigated as to determine how many seedlings are grown in a period of

eight weeks. Table and graph below shows the results of growth the four

species of tree. The graph below shows that almost all of its growth rate

rising initially, and the decrease at the end.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

First week

Second week

Third week

Fourt week

Fifth week

Sixth week

Seventh week

Eight week

The

nu

mb

er

of

you

ng

pla

nt

germ

inat

e

The growth rate of young plants for eight week

Tecoma Cempaka Salam Bungor

The number of young plants germinate

Weeks Tecoma Cempaka Salam Bungor

1 19 0 0 0

2 63 0 0 26

3 58 11 0 30

4 58 20 0 30

5 57 13 0 29

6 55 8 0 29

7 55 4 0 26

8 53 4 0 26

Tecoma tree is one tree that grows easily and rapidly growing, as

opposed to trees and bungor Cempaka. Cempaka and bungor also take a long

time to grow. After completing this research almost 2 month, we have moved

young plants into a polybag. This is because we want to see the young plant

grow well. Planting medium use is 3:1 (soil, sand).

Figure 12a): The picture above shows the seedlings were

transferred to polybags

4.0 BENEFITS GAINED FROM TRAINING

There are many advantages gained from the training Industry, the advantage gained is a lot of

experience, work in an office environment, the nursery is also a new experience for me.

Using "sky life" to shoot and fruit seeds is one experience I would not be forgotten.

In addition to experience, it can also increase students' knowledge about breeding, soil

mix, morphology of trees, collecting seeds, maturity, germination and plant.

Through this industry also taught me the meaning of independence in which, we are

only at the task and performed by our own. However, we feel good because the results of our

own.

In addition, industry training to improve understanding of the collection and

germination of seeds. Indirectly have caused my interest in this field.

5.0 SUGGESTION

Provide transport for students to go to the site each week to review the maturity of

seed

Complete equipment, particularly equipment for the collection of seeds of trees such

as ladder, sharp scissors and a longer

In the appropriate place to store seeds is also very important, because the seeds can be

damaged, moldy, and so forth.

The green house also needs to be improved because of the many leaks in the roof of

the laboratory; it also affects the newly sown seeds and young seedlings

6.0 CONCLUSION

The conclusion of all aspects of the industry training activities carried out in terms of

morphology, maturity period of from flowers to matured fruits. Collection and germination

of seeds.

Each tree has a different morphology in terms of size, height, shape, teksture, colors

and so forth. For the maturity of tree seeds, tecoma also quickly produce flowers, seeds. The

time taken for the fruits to be matured only take 2-3 weeks. But the number of leaves bungor

faster than tecoma. For the seeds collection, the hardest seeds to be collected is the Tecoma,

because the seed is easy to fly. It is almost high and difficult to take it. For Cempaka and

Salam seeds are most easily collected because the tree is low altitude. The results of

germination of seeds showed Tecoma trees sprout more quickly, easily grown from the

Salam, Cempaka and bungor.

8. 0 REFERENCE

Maria Magdeline: Buku latihan Industri: Tanaman Hiasan (2005) /DBKU/HRM

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphology

P.H. Raven, R.F. Evert, S.E. Eichhorn (2004): Biology of Plants, 7th Edition, W.H.

Freeman and Company Publishers, New York.

Harold C. Bold, C. J. Alexopoulos, and T. Delevoryas. Morphology of Plants and Fungi,

5th ed., page 3. (New York: Harper-Collins, 1987).