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More Chapter 13 Notes
Railroads- Early Improvements
Early 1800s- development in England spreads to U.S.
Early trains powered by wind, horses
1830- The Tom Thumb runs at 18 m.p.h.!!
Railroads- Early Improvements
Despite early fears of speed, fire, explosion, trains quickly replace canals as the fastest mode of transportation
Railroads- Early Improvements
Every town wanted a railroadSome towns even moved or died
depending on the route of the railroad“Zig-Zag” routes- towns paid the
railroad to come to their town instead of the straightest route
Transcontinental Railroad
As America spread westward, a railroad to the west coast was desperately needed, wanted
The issue of which route to take was complicated by North vs. South tensions
Wherever the eastern terminus was would benefit- $$$ and power
Transcontinental Railroad After southern secession, Pacific Railway
Act in 1862 provided federal $$ to build railroad from California to Omaha
Transcontinental Railroad
A great race was begun- railroads were paid by the mile built
Central Pacific built East from Sacramento
Union Pacific built West from Omaha
I’ve Been Workin’ on the Railroad
Thousands of workers needed for the manual labor of laying ties, rails
Chinese and Irish Immigrants used for work ethic, cheap pay
I’ve Been Workin’ on the Railroad
Rough and rowdy crews- “Hell on Wheels”
Built up to 10 miles per day
Dangerous work- many injuries, deaths
I’ve Been Workin’ on the Railroad May 10, 1869- Golden spike driven to complete
the Transcontinental RR at Promontory Point, Utah
Effects on Westward Expansion
Railroads brought to/from the West:– People, including many immigrants– Goods– Money– Transportation– Sold land for settlement– Made the “Wild” West much more
accessible to the average person
Texas Revolution- Spanish Texas
Spain controlled TexasThere were actually more Native
Americans and Americans than Spanish living there
To attract more settlers Spain gave a land grant to Moses Austin to start a colony
Texas Revolution- Mexican Independence Changes Texas 1821- Mexico gains
independence from Spain
Mexico gave permission to Stephen F. Austin, Moses’s son to continue colony
By 1830 over 30,000 people lived in Texas- mostly American settlers
Texas Revolution- Mexican Independence Changes Texas Tensions between Americans and Mexicans:
– Language– Slavery– Taxes– Mexico closed Texas to American immigration
Texas vs. Mexico- Remember the Alamo!Austin goes to
Mexico city to try to work out their differences
Meets w/ President General Santa Anna
Santa Anna refuses Austin’s requests, jails him for a year
Texas vs. Mexico- Remember the Alamo!Armed rebellion
breaks out in 1835
Texans appoint Sam Houston as leader of Texas Army
Texas vs. Mexico- Remember the Alamo! Feb. 1836 1,800 Mexicans
surround 183 Texans inside the Alamo- an old mission building
William Travis, Jim Bowie, Davy Crockett
Texans held off attack for 12 days before being overrun
Texas Independence Battle of San
Jacinto- Texans strike back and do a sneak attack on the Mexican Army
Santa Anna is forced to sign a treaty giving Texas its independence
Texas was an independent nation for 10 years!
War with Mexico- Troubles
Mexico still claimed part of Texas-dispute over where the border was
President James K. Polk offers to buy CA, TX, and NM for $25 million but is refused
Troubles with Mexico
General Zachary Taylor leads U.S. troops to the border and is attacked by Mexicans
Congress, urged on by Polk, declares war on Mexico in 1846
Capturing NM, CA
General Stephen Kearny leads troops west on the Santa Fe Trail and peacefully takes over NM
In CA, a group of rebels leads the Bear Flag Revolt and declares CA independent
The Invasion of Mexico
War lasted from 1846-1848Americans led by Generals Zachary
Taylor and Winfield ScottGeneral Santa Anna led 15,000 soldier
Mexican ArmyAmericans won major battles at Buena
Vista and Mexico CityMany future Civil War generals got
their first military experience there
The Mexican Cession
War officially ends with Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexico agrees Texas is part of U.S. Mexico gives U.S. CA, NV, UT, AZ, CO, WY U.S. pays Mexico $15 Million Promised to protect Mexicans living in
Cession areas Gadsden Purchase- U.S. buys one more
strip of land in Southern AZ and NM for $10 Million