GROUP 2Capnocytophaga canimorsus

Spingomonas paucimobilisMoraxella spp.

Moraxella nonliquefaciensMoraxella lacunataMoraxella osloensis

CapnocytophagaGENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:Gram-negativeFacultative anaerobePleomorphicCapnophilicColor of colonies- pink to yellowishNon-hemolytic except: C.haemolytica

CapnocytophagaPATHOGENICITY:Oral diseases & brain abscessOro pharynx (periodontal diseases, opthalmic

lesions, RT infections, traumatic pericarditis, mediastinal or cervical abscesses & peritonitis)

Capnocytophaga5 NORMAL INHABITANTS OF ORAL

CAVITY:C. ochraceaC. gingivalisC. sputigenaC. haemolyticus andC. granulose *** Oxidase & Catalase (-)

Capnocytophaga canimorsusNormal inhabitants of the oral cavity of dogs

and cats Oxidase and Catalase (+) Penicillin is the drug of choice

SpingobacteriumGram negativeNon-fermentative bacilliRarely involved in human infectionsFlavobacterium regarded as members of the

genus at one timeSensitive to SXT and FluoroquinolonesResistant to amino glycosides, Clindamycin

and Polymyxin B.Susceptibility to B-lactame antibiotics is

variable

Spingobacterium6 Species:-S. spiritovorum-S. multivorum-S. mizutae-S. antarcticum-S. faecium-S. thalpophilum

Spingobacterium

2 most frequently isolated species: S.multivorum

-isolated from blood of patients (septicemia & peritonitis)

S. spiritovorum-isolated from clinical specimens (urine,blood & hospital environments)

***Very similar biochemically.

SpingobacteriumS.spiritovorum

-produces mannitol, ethanol and rhamnose (S.mutivorum)

Both produces yellow pigmentBoth were identified & processed for:

DNaseOxidaseUrease activityMotility test

Gram negative (-), rod-shapedNon-spore formingStrictly aerobic ChemoheterotrophicUbiquinone 1036 different species2 clinically signifant: S. paucimobilis & S.

parapaucimobilis

Spingomonas

S. paucimobilis-isolated environmentally from water, including swimming pools, hospital equipment & laboratory supplies.-causative agent of peritonitis associated with chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, septicemia, meningitis, leg ulcer, empyema and splenic and brain abscesses

Spingomonas

Spingomonas

Biochemical charcteristics: yellow pigment on MAK agar (48hrs. for

growth on SBA) Isolates: Weakly oxidase (+) (Some strains may be (-) Motile at 18oC-22oC but not 37oC. Urease (-) Indole (-) Oxidizers

Resistant to antimicrobial agentsSusceptible to :

AminoglycosidesTetracyclinesChloramphenicol SXTPolymyxin B

*3rd generation Cephalosporins and Fluoroquinolones

Spingomonas

SpingomonasS. parapaucimobilis isolated from sputum, urine and vaginal

specimens Isolates have been found:EsterasesEndotoxinLipasesPhosphatasesS. parapaucimobilis resembles S.

paucimobilisExcept isolates of S. parapaucimobilis:

H2S (+) by the lead acetate methodSimon citrate (+)DNase (-)

Moraxella Family Moraxellaceae named after the Swiss ophthalmologist

Victor Morax Coccobacillary to bacillary gram-negative

bacilli Non-motile, but some has a “twitching”

mobility Encapsulated with pili 13 known Moraxella spp.

Moraxella

Biochemical characteristics: Strictly aerobic Strongly Oxidase (+) Beta-lactamase, Catalase and Dnase (+) Biochemically inert to carbohydrate

oxidation Susceptible to Penicillin

MORAXELLA

Cultural characteristics: Smooth, opaque, gray to white, colony may

be swept intact- “hockey pockey” 48 hour colony- “Wagon wheel” Grow on Nutrient Agar at 22◦C Failure to grow in TMA (Thayer Martin Agar) Reduces nitrate to nitrite Assacharolytic, tributyrin hydrolysis

POSITIVE Non-hemolytic on BAP

MoraxellaEpidemiology: Conjunctivitis Host range: Humans and mammals

Mode of Transmission: Person-to-person especially in hospitals Environmental contamination Aerosol transmission

MoraxellaHabitat: Mucous membranes of human & lower animals Isolated from:

- respiratory tract- urinary tract (genitourethral tract)- eye- inflammatory secretions of the middle ear- maxillary sinus- bronchial aspirate- nasal cavity- spleen- cerebrospinal fluid- joints- bursa

MoraxellaPathogenecity/Toxicity:o Moraxella catarrhalis

- acute otitis media- chronic & serious otitis media- acute & chronic sinusitis- upper and lower respiratory tract infections- systemic infections- meningitis - bacteremia- endocarditis- keratitis- suppurative arthritis

Moraxellao Moraxella nonliquefaciens

- upper & lower respiratory tract infections

o Moraxella lacunata- endocarditis- conjunctivitis- otolaryngologic infections - keratitis

Moraxella

o Moraxella osloensis- osteomyelitis- meningitis- arthritis

MoraxellaDRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY All are susceptible to Penicillin except

M.catarrhalis. M.catarrhalis

resistant to:-Penicillin-Ampicillin-Amoxicillin-Vancomycin-Clindamycin

Susceptible to Amoxicillin,Tetracyclines, Rifampin, and Erythromycin

MORAXELLA

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to 2-5% phenol 1% sodium hypochlorite 4% formaldehyde 2% glutaraldehyde 70% ethanol 70% propanol 2% peracetic acid 3-6% hydrogen peroxide Iodine

SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST:Moraxella bovis -survive up to 3 days on

insect legsM. catarrhalis - survive in expectorated

sputum for at least 3 weeksMoraxella nonliquefaciensSecond most commonly isolated member of

the genus after M.catarrhalis.Normal flora of respiratory tract; rarely cause

disease in humanCan survive up to 40 weeks (-70 & -80°C)

Moraxella

MoraxellaCultural characteristics: Smooth, translucent to semi-opaque;

occasionally, colonies spread & pit agar in 5%BA Non-lactose fermented in MAC

Biochemical characteristics: Catalase (+) DNase, Urease and Gelatin hydrolysis (-) Phenylalanine deaminase (PNA) negative Digests Loeffler’s Slant (-);Sodium Acetate

Utilization (-) Growth supported by Nutrient Agar

MORAXELLAPathogenecity:

Bacteremia Keratitis Endophthalmitis

o Moraxella osloensis-grows and produces an alkaline reaction in acetate medium-normal flora in genitourinary tract-Urease (+)-PDA (+)-a systemic serious disease

Moraxella

PATHOGENECITY:-endocarditis-meningitis-osteomyelitis-septic arthritis-vaginitis -bacteremia

Moraxella

o Moraxella lacunata Common conjunctival isolate small coccobacillus causative agent of

“blepharoconjunctivitis” Gelatin (+) Urease (-) Unable to grow on MAC agar PDA (+)

SPECIES MACAgar

BAPAgar

Catalase Dnase Urease

Capnocytophaga

-+ + -+ - -

Spingomonas + + + - -

M.nonliquefaciens

- + + - -

M.osloensis - + - - +

M.lacunata - + - - -

SUMMARY TABLE

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-Ana-Dayle

-Kristele-Mollie