Monument to the Discoveries Lisbon, Portugal

Helena Pratas, ISECHelena Pratas, ISEC

Monument to the Discoveries Monument to the Discoveries Lisbon, Portugal Lisbon, Portugal

How to manage Cultural Diversity? How to manage Cultural Diversity? The Portuguese approachThe Portuguese approach


1. How to manage cultural diversity? 1. How to manage cultural diversity? The Portuguese approachThe Portuguese approach

2. Which Policies for the Hosting and 2. Which Policies for the Hosting and Integration of immigrants?Integration of immigrants?

3. What about Intercultural 3. What about Intercultural Education?Education?


Portuguese option regarding cultural Portuguese option regarding cultural diversitydiversity

In earlier decades, two models of managing cultural diversity In earlier decades, two models of managing cultural diversity seemed to function: seemed to function:

AssimilationismAssimilationism (French model) assumed that members of (French model) assumed that members of minority communities would assimilate to a prevailing majority minority communities would assimilate to a prevailing majority ethos (‘republican values’) ethos (‘republican values’)

MulticulturalismMulticulturalism (United Kingdom and Dutch model), by (United Kingdom and Dutch model), by contrast, sought to give official recognition to minority contrast, sought to give official recognition to minority communities, understood as homogeneous ‘cultures’ (Wilson, communities, understood as homogeneous ‘cultures’ (Wilson, 2008) 2008)

Portuguese option regarding cultural diversity anchors on the Portuguese option regarding cultural diversity anchors on the principle of principle of InterculturalityInterculturality


Portuguese option regarding cultural Portuguese option regarding cultural diversity:diversity:

InterculturalityInterculturality

Within the framework of mutual respect, claims the Within the framework of mutual respect, claims the value and richness of diversity and dialogue.value and richness of diversity and dialogue.

The The intercultural approach intercultural approach is embedded in the is embedded in the paradigm of the paradigm of the value of all culturesvalue of all cultures, moving thus far , moving thus far beyond multicultural coexistence’s statement beyond multicultural coexistence’s statement

more than simply accepting the “other”, more than simply accepting the “other”, it implies it implies “hosting” the “other”“hosting” the “other” within us and within us and accept being accept being transformedtransformed within that encounter within that encounter

From having been a country with a large-scale From having been a country with a large-scale emigration, Portugal since the last decades became emigration, Portugal since the last decades became also a hosting country for immigrants also a hosting country for immigrants


Since the late 1990s, the geography of immigration to Since the late 1990s, the geography of immigration to Portugal has undergone truly profound changes. Portugal has undergone truly profound changes.

Today, different communities make up 4,5% of the Today, different communities make up 4,5% of the population resident in Portugal (population resident in Portugal (more than 500,000 more than 500,000 legal immigrantslegal immigrants), about 9% of the active population. ), about 9% of the active population.

ImmigrationImmigration increased 400% in fifteen yearsincreased 400% in fifteen years.

An overview of immigration in An overview of immigration in PortugalPortugal


main nationalities of immigrantsmain nationalities of immigrants in in PortugalPortugal


Source:Strategic and Planning Office – Lists of Personnel (2008)


• Inclusion in education Inclusion in education and and Intercultural EducationIntercultural Education were recognised in the educational policies through the were recognised in the educational policies through the creation, creation, in in 1991 1991 of the "of the "Between CulturesBetween Cultures"" SecretariatSecretariat ((EntreculturasEntreculturas)), a Multicultural Education Programs , a Multicultural Education Programs Coordinator Organism Coordinator Organism

Between Cultures Secretariat Between Cultures Secretariat

Which Policies for Immigrant Integration? Which Policies for Immigrant Integration?

www.entreculturas.ptwww.entreculturas.pt


• "Choices""Choices" is a is a social inclusionsocial inclusion programme aimed at children programme aimed at children and young people aged between 6 and 24, coming from the most and young people aged between 6 and 24, coming from the most disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds and descendants disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds and descendants of immigrants and ethnic minorities, to of immigrants and ethnic minorities, to promote equality promote equality of of opportunitiesopportunities

• During the first phase (2001-2003) it was a Program for Crime During the first phase (2001-2003) it was a Program for Crime Prevention and Youth Integration: Prevention and Youth Integration: 50 projects 50 projects were implementedwere implemented

• From 2004 to 2006, funded and accompanied From 2004 to 2006, funded and accompanied 87 projects87 projects, , covering 43.199 people, in 54 districtscovering 43.199 people, in 54 districts

• Now, "Choices" brings together around Now, "Choices" brings together around 770 institutions770 institutions

Which Policies for Immigrant Integration? Which Policies for Immigrant Integration? "Choices” "Choices” Programme Programme (2001)(2001)


This Programme has received the following awards:This Programme has received the following awards:

• • European Crime Prevention AwardEuropean Crime Prevention Award (European Union 2003) (European Union 2003)• • Honourable Mention for Social InclusionHonourable Mention for Social Inclusion (United Nations) (United Nations) • • Selection as a Best Practice in the “Handbook for Selection as a Best Practice in the “Handbook for

Integration”Integration” (European Commission, 2007) (European Commission, 2007)

• At the end of 2007 covered a target group of around At the end of 2007 covered a target group of around 47,300 47,300 people people

"Choices" Programme"Choices" Programme



• Each project involves one coordinating institution and Each project involves one coordinating institution and various partners (schools, training centres, associations, various partners (schools, training centres, associations, among others), forming a consortium among others), forming a consortium

• Each consortium develops and implements activities in Each consortium develops and implements activities in four four complementary areascomplementary areas: :

I – I – School Inclusion and Non-Formal EducationSchool Inclusion and Non-Formal Education

II – II – Professional Training and EmployabilityProfessional Training and Employability

III – III – Civic and Community ParticipationCivic and Community Participation

IV – IV – Digital InclusionDigital Inclusion




• Law nº Law nº 134/99 134/99 prohibits discrimination based on race, prohibits discrimination based on race, colour, nationality or ethnic origin colour, nationality or ethnic origin

• A Public Institute was launched - A Public Institute was launched - High Commission for High Commission for Immigration and Intercultural Dialogue (ACIDI)Immigration and Intercultural Dialogue (ACIDI)

• National Immigrant Support CentresNational Immigrant Support Centres were set up in were set up in 2004 2004

• 83 Local Centres for Immigrants Support83 Local Centres for Immigrants Support were opened were opened

• the Institute for Employment and Professional Training the Institute for Employment and Professional Training (IEFP) established a network of (IEFP) established a network of twenty-five job centres twenty-five job centres specifically for immigrantsspecifically for immigrants


Which Policies for Immigrant Integration? Which Policies for Immigrant Integration? Key actions in 2006-2007Key actions in 2006-2007

A.A. A A National Plan for the Hosting and IntegrationNational Plan for the Hosting and Integration of of Immigrants was launched (2006)Immigrants was launched (2006)

B.B. Creation of aCreation of a permanent structure permanent structure dependant from dependant from ACIDI, endowed with ACIDI, endowed with a board of personnel a board of personnel specialized in all the dimensions involving specialized in all the dimensions involving hosting support and integration of immigrantshosting support and integration of immigrants

C.C. A A new Law of Nationalitynew Law of Nationality was approved in 2007 was approved in 2007



86% accomplishment

rate


II Plan for Immigrant Integration 2010-II Plan for Immigrant Integration 2010-

2013 2013 (DL 74/2010(DL 74/2010, 17 September 201017 September 2010))

Ministry ofHealth

Ministry of Justice

Immigrant Associations

ACIDI

Ministry of Regional

Development

Ministry of Social

Solidarity

Ministry of Education

Policies

Joint effort of Joint effort of fourteen fourteen

Ministries and Ministries and non-non-

governmental governmental organizations organizations

to promote to promote inclusioninclusion


Rosário FarmhouseRosário Farmhouse

ACIDI - High Commissioner for ACIDI - High Commissioner for Immigration and Intercultural Immigration and Intercultural

DialogueDialogue


EQUALITYEQUALITY

DIALOGUE

DIALOGUE

CITIZENSH

CITIZENSHIPIPHOSPIT

ALI

HOSPITALI

TYTY

INTERCULTURALISM

INTERCULTURALISM

PROXIMITYPROXIMITY

ACIDI - ACIDI - 7 KEY PRINCIPLES7 KEY PRINCIPLES

INITIATIVEINITIATIVE


Involving the scientific community: Involving the scientific community: the the Immigration Observatory Immigration Observatory

• An involvement of theAn involvement of the scientific community scientific community for the for the development of thedevelopment of the research research in the areas of in the areas of intercultural education and dialogueintercultural education and dialogue was promoted was promoted

• in order to specify, carry out andin order to specify, carry out and evaluate policies evaluate policies regarding the integration of immigrantsregarding the integration of immigrants, ,

• through thethrough the edition of original or translated studies edition of original or translated studies

• The Immigration Observatory NetworkThe Immigration Observatory Network is is composed by 10 research centrescomposed by 10 research centres


Immigration Observatory: some Immigration Observatory: some publicationspublications

"Communities" "Communities" SeriesSeries

"Theses" "Theses" SeriesSeries

on Immigration and Ethnic on Immigration and Ethnic MinoritiesMinorities

Studies and Documents Studies and Documents SeriesSeries

"Intercultural Portugal" "Intercultural Portugal" SeriesSeries

OI WORKING PAPERS OI WORKING PAPERS

Journal of the Immigration Journal of the Immigration ObservatoryObservatory


Source: Migrant Integration Policy Index

(MIPEX, 2007)

Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX, 2007)

Helena Pratas, ISECHelena Pratas, ISECSource: Migrant Integration Policy Index, 2007

http://www.integrationindex.eu/integrationindex/2509.html

Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX, Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX, 20072007) )


Handbook on how to implement a Handbook on how to implement a One-Stop-Shop (2009)One-Stop-Shop (2009)


• The The Green PaperGreen Paper (2008) adopted by the European Commission (2008) adopted by the European Commission opened opened the debate on how education policies may better address the the debate on how education policies may better address the challenges posed by immigrationchallenges posed by immigration: :

• how to prevent the creation of segregated school settingshow to prevent the creation of segregated school settings , , so so as to improve equity in education? as to improve equity in education?

• how to accommodate the increased diversityhow to accommodate the increased diversity of mother tongues of mother tongues and cultural perspectives and cultural perspectives and build intercultural skills?and build intercultural skills?

• how to adapt teaching skills and build bridges with migrant how to adapt teaching skills and build bridges with migrant families and communities?families and communities?

• Policies can make a difference! Policies can make a difference! ((Green Paper 2008)Green Paper 2008)

3.What about Inte3.What about Intercultural rcultural Education?Education?


• Portuguese schools are multicultural.The previous Portuguese schools are multicultural.The previous homogeneous school population is today homogeneous school population is today characterized by ethnic diversitycharacterized by ethnic diversity, all over the , all over the country, particularly in the urban centres country, particularly in the urban centres

• This issue has been leading to the need to reinforce This issue has been leading to the need to reinforce teacher educationteacher education in the field of interculturalismin the field of interculturalism

• and to promote the and to promote the teaching of Portuguese has a teaching of Portuguese has a second languagesecond language

3.What about Inte3.What about Intercultural rcultural Education?Education?


Enrolment of immigrant students (%) in Portugal (2004) Enrolment of immigrant students (%) in Portugal (2004)

PALOP 50.2%PALOP 50.2%

BrazilBrazil12.9%12.9%

Eastern Europe Eastern Europe 7.5%7.5%

European UnionEuropean Union14.7%14.7%

OthersOthers14.7%14.7%

Source: Source: Oliveira, I.& Santos, J. (2008)

Inclusion and Intercultural EducationInclusion and Intercultural Education


• Inclusion in education and Intercultural EducationInclusion in education and Intercultural Education were were recognised in the educational policies through the recognised in the educational policies through the creation, creation, in in 1991 1991 of the "of the "Between CulturesBetween Cultures"" SecretariatSecretariat ((EntreculturasEntreculturas)), a Multicultural Education Programs , a Multicultural Education Programs Coordinator Organism Coordinator Organism

Between Cultures Secretariat Between Cultures Secretariat

Intercultural Education: “Intercultural Education: “Between Cultures" Between Cultures" ((1991)1991)


www.entrekulturas.ptfor youthfor youth

www.entreculturas.pt

Intercultural Education:“Intercultural Education:“Between Cultures"Between Cultures"

sites in order to think and to actsites in order to think and to act


• "Choices""Choices" is a is a social inclusionsocial inclusion programme aimed at children programme aimed at children and young people aged between 6 and 24, coming from the most and young people aged between 6 and 24, coming from the most disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds and descendants disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds and descendants of immigrants and ethnic minorities, to of immigrants and ethnic minorities, to promote equality promote equality of of opportunitiesopportunities

• During the first phase (2001-2003) it was a Program for Crime During the first phase (2001-2003) it was a Program for Crime Prevention and Youth Integration: Prevention and Youth Integration: 50 projects 50 projects were implementedwere implemented

• From 2004 to 2006, funded and accompanied From 2004 to 2006, funded and accompanied 87 projects87 projects, , covering 43.199 people, in 54 districtscovering 43.199 people, in 54 districts

• Now, "Choices" brings together around Now, "Choices" brings together around 770 institutions770 institutions

"Choices" Program (2001)"Choices" Program (2001)



• Each project involves one coordinating institution and Each project involves one coordinating institution and various partners (schools, training centres, associations, various partners (schools, training centres, associations, among others), forming a consortium among others), forming a consortium

• Each consortium develops and implements activities in Each consortium develops and implements activities in four four complementary areascomplementary areas: :

I – School Inclusion and Non-Formal EducationI – School Inclusion and Non-Formal Education

II – Professional Training and EmployabilityII – Professional Training and Employability

III – Civic and Community ParticipationIII – Civic and Community Participation

IV – Digital Inclusion IV – Digital Inclusion


This Programme has received the following awards:This Programme has received the following awards:

• • European Crime Prevention AwardEuropean Crime Prevention Award (European Union 2003) (European Union 2003)• • Honourable Mention for Social InclusionHonourable Mention for Social Inclusion (United Nations) (United Nations) • • Selection as a Best Practice in the “Handbook for Selection as a Best Practice in the “Handbook for

Integration”Integration” (European Commission, 2007) (European Commission, 2007)

• At the end of 2007 covered a target group of around At the end of 2007 covered a target group of around 47,300 47,300 people people



Some "Choices" Some "Choices" ProgrammesProgrammes


"Choices" "Choices"


Trainers on Trainers on InterculturalityInterculturality • Interculturality is not resolved in the various organs Interculturality is not resolved in the various organs

of powerof power. . • It arises from democracy and from people learning about It arises from democracy and from people learning about

and experiencing it.and experiencing it.• It needs to be learned in the same way as democracyIt needs to be learned in the same way as democracy • The process of learning The process of learning about the Otherabout the Other, about how to , about how to

know the Other, know the Other, about how to build things with the about how to build things with the Other Other

• Since Since 2006 2006 a team of 25 trainers were trained, at a a team of 25 trainers were trained, at a national level, to develop training sessions, among other national level, to develop training sessions, among other areas, on interculturality. areas, on interculturality.


• Any private or public institution can apply to this team Any private or public institution can apply to this team to develop training sessions.to develop training sessions.

• There is a high demand by diverse institutions, more There is a high demand by diverse institutions, more and more aware of the importance of reflecting about and more aware of the importance of reflecting about interculturalism in their projects.interculturalism in their projects.

Intercultural Education: Trainers’ Intercultural Education: Trainers’ networknetwork

20082008 365 actions 365 actions 1123 hours1123 hours10 265 participants10 265 participants

Courses on intercultural Education in 2008Courses on intercultural Education in 2008IEFP IEFP (public institution)(public institution)


Assessement

Teacher Training

Curricular adaptations

specific support (extra-time)

Proficiency levelsBeginner

Intermediate Advanced

Portuguese as

second language

Education policies for migrant Education policies for migrant integrationintegration

CHILDREN CHILDREN

Source: Ministry of EducationSource: Ministry of Education


Education policies for migrant Education policies for migrant integrationintegration

Portuguese Language

andCitizenship

Teacher Training

Adult migrant courses

Over 150 schools 2008/2009

New Opportunities

Centres

Education policies for adult migrants

117 examination 117 examination centrescentres

38,000 38,000 examinationsexaminations

ADULTSADULTS


• Intercultural education is part of Intercultural education is part of Citizenship Education, which is, Citizenship Education, which is, since since 20012001, a , a transversal and compulsory dimension in all transversal and compulsory dimension in all the curriculathe curricula of the Portuguese educational system of the Portuguese educational system

• A large number of schools are developing projects A large number of schools are developing projects related to related to intercultural dialogueintercultural dialogue issues, involving groups of pupils or issues, involving groups of pupils or groups of schoolsgroups of schools

• National programs are open to schools, for instance the contest National programs are open to schools, for instance the contest ““My school fighting discriminationMy school fighting discrimination”. ”.

• In 2008 different partnerships were established in order to equip In 2008 different partnerships were established in order to equip schools with schools with intercultural education pedagogical materialsintercultural education pedagogical materials, ,

• and to and to promote best practices awardspromote best practices awards

Intercultural and Citizenship Education Intercultural and Citizenship Education


Some publications and pedagogical Some publications and pedagogical resourcesresources


ale ImmigrantAntunes, A.B. (2009) Femmale Immigrant workers in Portugal. Lisbon:GEPBanks, J. (1994) An Introduction to Multicultural Education. Massachusetts: Allyn &

Bacon.European Commission (2008) Green Paper. Migration & mobility: challenges and

opportunities for EU education systems COM(2008) 423, Brussels.Fonseca, L. & Meghann O. (2003) Immigration in Portugal: recent trends & policy in

http://www.ceg.ul.pt/mcm/MetromedLFMO_ficheiros/frame.htm

Guilherme, M. (2002) Critical citizens for an intercultural world: foreign language education as Cultural Politics. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Presidency of the Council of Ministers and ACIDI (2007) Plan for Immigrant Integration available in http://www.acidi.gov.pt/docs/pdf

Martins, I. F. (2008) O Papel da Formação na Construção duma Sociedade mais Intercultural. Lisboa: IEFP.

Modelsky, G. (1987) Long Cicles in World Politics. London: Macmillan Press.Niessen, J; Hudleston, T; Citron, L.; Geddes, A.; Jacobs, D. (2007) – Index de Políticas

de Integração de Migrantes, Lisboa. British Council - Fund. Gulbenkian.Oliveira, I. (2005) Empresários de Origem Imigrante: estratégias de inserção económica

em Portugal. Lisboa: ACIDI: Immigrant Observatory Oliveira, I., Santos, J. (2009) Education and Integration of Migrants in Portugal.Lisboa:

ME Unesco (2006) Guidelines on Intercultural Education. Paris: Unesco www.acidi.gov.pt

References:References: