Montréal, April 14 2005

Author: Gilbert PaquetteReuse freely – Just quote

Modeling Languages for Instructional Engineering

_________________________________

Dr Gilbert Paquette

CICE Research ChairLICEF-CIRTA, Télé-Université

Montréal, April 14 2005

IEEE Montreal - Education Society


Plan

1. Major International Trends

2. Building High Quality Learning System Larger set of decisions

3. Instructional engineering and Educational modeling languages

4. Instructional Engineering principles


Internet’s Third Wave

First wave: STATIC TEXT and DATA EXCHANGEFirst wave: STATIC TEXT and DATA EXCHANGEPrimarily static HTML pages: text and data services Primarily static HTML pages: text and data services

E-mail, FTP, forum (asychronous communication)E-mail, FTP, forum (asychronous communication)

Second wave: DYNAMIC MULTIMEDIASecond wave: DYNAMIC MULTIMEDIADynamic pages, ASP, JSPDynamic pages, ASP, JSP

Facilitated transfer of images, sound and videoFacilitated transfer of images, sound and video

Desktop audio/video conferenceDesktop audio/video conference

Third wave: SEMANTIC and PROGRAMMABLEThird wave: SEMANTIC and PROGRAMMABLEIntegration of applications, API enabled by web servicesIntegration of applications, API enabled by web services

Ex: Google Alerts, Amazon’s APIEx: Google Alerts, Amazon’s API

Distributed computing, P2P, and mobile networkingDistributed computing, P2P, and mobile networking

Semantic web and knowledege-based technologiesSemantic web and knowledege-based technologies

Open source, sharing of objects and applicationsOpen source, sharing of objects and applications

New generation of Distributed Learning EnvironmentsNew generation of Distributed Learning Environments


The Semantic Web

Metadata describes resources

Ontology describes domain knowledge

Metadata linked to knowledge domain

Ontologies enable computer agents to process meaningful information (not only syntax)

Facing exponential information growth on the Internet by associating meaning to Web pages

Ontology


A Network Reusable Resources

ResourceRepositories

MetadataRepositories


Learning Objects

ToolsDocuments

Learning Objects (more than just Web pages)

MediaElements

Actors

Units of Learning

ProcessScenarios


Components of a Learning System

Systèmed ’apprentissage

Faire l ’ingénieried ’un SA

Diffuser le SAI/P I/P

Modèle desconnaissances

Modèle dediffusion

Modèlepédagogique

Modèlemédiatique

C

C C

C

Mettre en placele SA

Ressourcestechnologiques

Serviceset milieux

C

C

I/P

I/P

C

Devis du SA

Infrastructuredu SA

C

Matérielspédagogiques

C

Réaliser le matériel

I/P

I/P


Delivery of a Learning System


Plan






Self-management of learning

Competency-focused, Open/Adaptable Learning Scenarios; Metacognitive Tools


Information Selection

Process-guided Information RetrievalSearch, Annotation and Rebuilding tools


Learner Collaboration

Process Oriented; Collaboration model; Visualization & management tools


Assistance from facilitators

Caring Heuristic assistance; Learner’s Initiative; Multiple Facilitators


Larger set of decisions What kind of TeleLearning model? What kind of TeleLearning model? Anywhere, anytime, anyAnywhere, anytime, any ppllace, anybody?ace, anybody? What kind of interactivity, collaboration?What kind of interactivity, collaboration? Predefined multi-path or learner-constructed Predefined multi-path or learner-constructed

scenarios?scenarios? Which actors, what roles, what resources?Which actors, what roles, what resources? Multimedia or pluri-media materials? Reuse or Multimedia or pluri-media materials? Reuse or

buildbuild How to manage resourcesHow to manage resources; Achieve; Achieve

Interoperability and scalability?Interoperability and scalability? How to take in account techno-diversity?How to take in account techno-diversity? Reusability, Sustainability, Affordability?Reusability, Sustainability, Affordability?


Plan






LICEF Tools & Method History

MOT plus

1998-19991998-1999

1995-19971995-1997

MISA 3.0 Gen. soft

MISA 4.0 ADISA

ADISA2

MISA 2.0MOT 2.0

AGD

1992-19951992-19951995-19971995-1997 AGD

Conseiller

1997-19981997-1998

1999-20011999-2001

Explor@-1+Advisor

Explor@-2(multi-actor)

2002-20052002-2005TELOS (1)

PlayerMOT plusLD Editor

2002-20052002-2005


MISA 4.0 Method

Knowledge Modeling

210 Knowledge modeling principles212 Knowledge model214 Target competencies310 Learning units content 410 Learning instruments content 610 Knowledge and competency management

Instructional Modeling

220 Instructional principles222 Learning events network224 Learning units properties320 Instructional scenarios322 Learning activities properties420 Learning instruments properties620 Actors and group management

Materials Modeling

230 Media principles 330 Development infrastructure 430 Learning materials list 432 Learning materials models 434 Media elements 436 Source documents630 Learning system / resource management

Delivery Modeling

240 Delivery principles242 Cost-benefit analysis340 Delivery planning440 Delivery models442 Actors and user’s materials444 Tools and telecommunication446 Services and delivery locations540 Assessment planning640 Maintenance / quality management

Problem definition

100 Training system102 Training objectives

104 Target Learners106 Actual situation

108 Reference documents


Content ExpertsContent Experts

Instructional DesignersInstructional Designers

Media DesignersMedia Designers

Delivery SpecialistsDelivery Specialists

Team LeaderTeam Leader

Instructional Engineering Actors


Educational Models

Knowledge and Competency RepresentationKnowledge and Competency Representation

Scenarios, Learning Designs, Learnflow Scenarios, Learning Designs, Learnflow RepresentationsRepresentations

Media Structure RepresentationMedia Structure Representation

Delivery Model RepresenationsDelivery Model Represenations


Desired Properties of a GraphicRepresentation Formalim

Simplicity and User FriendlinessSimplicity and User Friendliness

GeneralityGenerality

CompletenessCompleteness

Translated to machine (XML) formatTranslated to machine (XML) format

Communicable between humansCommunicable between humans


MOT Graphic LanguageCONCEPTS PROCEDURES PRINCIPLES

C

S

P

I/P

R

I

LINKS


Graphic Ontology Language (OWL)


A Graphic OWL Editor

S

ChemicalFertilizers

S

RiceProductionProcesses

I

I

I

RR Produce

RR Produce

CarbonDioxyde

S

Gases

S

R

Fertilizers

R

R

R

NitricOxyde

HasInputs

MethaneHas

Outputs

I

RR

RR

HasOutputs

HasInputs

SS

A CertainRice

Production

AgriculturalPractices

GreenhouseGases

THINGS


Structured Competencies

To say that somebody needs to acquire a certain knowledge is insufficient

What kind of generic skill + performance? A generic skills’ taxonomy based on different

viewpoints : instructional objectives, generic tasks/processes, meta-knowledge

Competency = Meta-process (skill) applied to a knowledge at a certain level of performance

Situate knowledge acquisition goals on a competency/performance scale


Building Competency Models


Skill/Performance ScaleSelf-manage (10)

Evaluate (9)

Synthesize (8)

Repair (7)

Analyze (6)

Apply (5)

Transpose (4)

Interpret (3)

Identify (2)

Memorize (1)

Pay attention (0)

Peter M

.

Scenario X

Video Y.

Multimedia Production Method

Skills

Performance Aware Familiarized Productive Expert


Knowledge anc CompetencyDistribution in LDs

CourseModule 1

Module 2

Module 3


Instructional Scenario (IMS-LD)


Versailles Scenario

ACT5:

INTRODUCTION TOMAIN NEGOTIATION

DAY

ACT6: THE MAINNEGOTIATIONS

C

ACT3:BACKGROUND

STUDY - OFFLINEACTIVITIES

C

C

C

C

ACT1: VERSAILLESOVERVIEW

ACT2:INTRODUCTION TO

PREPARATORYPHASE

PP

CC

P

ACT4: SIX NATIONONLINE STRATEGY

PREPARATION

VersaillesSimulation

P

Play

ACT8: REFLECT ONTREATY

OUTCOMES

P

P

P

ACT7: REVIEWMAIN

NEGOTIATION DAY

C

C

C

C

Send ResultsLO

IP

France-ItalyForum

IP

France-Serbia Forum

IP

Poland-FranceForum

IP US-FranceForum

IPGB-FranceForum

IPMain

NegotiatingChamber

MainNegotiation

Forum

IPSend ResultsEnv

CReturned results

IP

DISPLAYS RESULTSRETURNED TO THE

RECORDER

C

Send Resultsto Recorder

C

Read Posted

Results

C

GB-FranceSide-room

C

France-SerbiaSide-room

C

France-ItalySide-room

C

Poland-FranceSide-room

C

USA-France

Side-room

FranceNegotiation

Day

I

I-France SerbiaConfer SO

C

FRANCE-SerbiaConfererence

I

FRANCE-SERBIANegotiate AD res

IPFrance-Serbia

Side-roomFrance-Serbia

Forum


Knowledge Referencing of LD Components


Delivery Components

Acteur R RoleA

The actor plays (is responsible for) a role (or an action)

R

Sub-role 11 Sub-role 2C C

RoleA role has two components

C C

UserR

Utiliser ressource Resource An actor uses a ressource

«Ressource».

R I/P

Provider Provide a resource

RResource

I/PAn Actor produces a resource

R I/P


Model of an Evaluation Function

A: Ingénieur pédagogique

Stucturer l'espace

d'évaluation

Définition des scénarios et des

activités d'évaluation

R

I/P

R

B: Auteur

I/P

I/P

Concevoir les tests

Tests dans la banque des

matérielsR

D: Formateur évaluateur

Analyser et évaluer

I/P

Passer les tests

I/P

C: Apprenant

R

Tests complétésI/P

Tests évalués et transmis

I/P

Faire le bilan des résultats

I/P

RÉditeur de scénario

R

Éditeur de tests

R

Présentateur de tests

R

Présenteur de test évalué

R

Assistant à la correction

R

Visualisation du bilan

R

O

O

O

O

O

O

A

A

A

A

E

E

E

E


Model of a Trainer’s Roles

Apprenants du cours

Formateurs- tuteurs

RR

Utiliser le SA

Assurer le support

pédagogique

R

Conseiller les apprenants

Animer les forums

Corriger les travaux

Diagnostiquer les progrès et

les lacunes

CC

CC

RessourcesExplora

ERessources

web duCours

EManuel

et vidéos analogiques

E

Matérieldu formateur

E

I/P I/P I/P

Profil de groupe

O

CourrielO

ForumO

Outil de correction

O

FAQ technique

O

Internet bande étroite

C

DomicileM

I/P

I/P

I/P

I/P

I/P

I/PI/P

I/PI/PI/P

I/P

Rétroaction aux

apprenants

S

Infos au registrariat

S

I/P

I/P

Rétroaction au professeur-

concepteur

S

Infos au gestionnaire

de la diffusion

S

AA

Délais maximal de 2 semaines

R

Travaux corrigés

I/P

Ressources du formateur

C C

C C C

C

I/P

I/P

I/P

Apprenants du cours

Formateurs- tuteurs

RR

Utiliser le SA

Assurer le support

pédagogique

R

Conseiller les apprenants

Animer les forums

Corriger les travaux

Diagnostiquer les progrès et

les lacunes

CC

CC

RessourcesExplora

ERessources

web duCours

EManuel

et vidéos analogiques

E

Matérieldu formateur

E

I/P I/P I/P

Profil de groupe

O

CourrielO

ForumO

Outil de correction

O

FAQ technique

O

Internet bande étroite

C

DomicileM

I/P

I/P

I/P

I/P

I/P

I/PI/P

I/PI/PI/P

I/P

Rétroaction aux

apprenants

S

Infos au registrariat

S

I/P

I/P

Rétroaction au professeur-

concepteur

S

Infos au gestionnaire

de la diffusion

S

AA

Délais maximal de 2 semaines

R

Travaux corrigés

I/P

Ressources du formateur

C C

C C C

C

I/P

I/P

I/P


Plan






Information System’s Approach

An eLearning system is an

information system, a complex array

of software tools, digitized

documents and communication

services, more diversified than in the

past

Follow some software engineering principlesFollow some software engineering principles


Knowledge-Based ISD

The actual emphasis on knowledge

management recognizes the importance of

knowledge and higher order skills, as

opposed to simple data or information

acquisition

Knowledge engineering can support central

tasks of ISD methods : content, activities,

media and delivery processes


Multi-Agent view

An eLearning system at delivery time is a

multi-agent society (modularity, sociability,

distribution of control, message propagation)

An ISD method should identify clearly the

actors , their roles and their interactions,

together with the tools and resources that

should compose their environment


Process Based Learning Scenarios

EVALUATE

SYNTHETIZE

ANALYZE

APPLY

UNDERSTAND

MEMORIZE

JUST IN CASEINFORMATION

JUST IN TIMEINFORMATION

Process-based situated learning scenarios help guide information search and the construction of new knowledge


In summary….

More systematic, structured and visual ISD.More systematic, structured and visual ISD.

Knowledge engineering to support higher order Knowledge engineering to support higher order knowledge and skills acquisition.knowledge and skills acquisition.

Definition of multi-agent systems for useful Definition of multi-agent systems for useful interactionsinteractions at delivery. at delivery.

Support to self-management of learning scenarios Support to self-management of learning scenarios and environmentsand environments for meta-cognition. for meta-cognition.

IntegratIntegration ofion of multiple assistance agents multiple assistance agents into into process-based scenariosprocess-based scenarios: co-learners, SMEs, : co-learners, SMEs, coaches, managers, FAQ, Intelligent Help Systems...coaches, managers, FAQ, Intelligent Help Systems...


Modeling Languages for Instructional Engineering

_________________________________

Dr Gilbert Paquette

CICE Research ChairLICEF-CIRTA, Télé-Université

Montréal, April 14 2005

IEEE Montreal - Education Society

www.licef.teluq.uquebec.ca/gp