MonTEXA Quick Guide

(Draft )

Oliver Cor�July 1, 2002

Contents1 General Settings 1

1.0.1 Document Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Cyrillic Text � Kirill üsäg 2

2.1 Cyrillic Text in Transliteration (LMC) Mode . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 Shorthands for embedding words in a di�erent typeface . . . . 42.3 Shorthands for writing transliterated texts . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3 Uighur Mongolian and Manju Input 53.1 Character Variants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.2 Special Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.3 Manju Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.4 Basic Character Set and Romanization . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.5 Small Portions of Mongolian and Manju in Running Text . . 103.6 Horizontal Paragraphs of Mongolian or Manju Text . . . . . . 103.7 Vertical Capsules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.8 Vertical Text Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.9 Full Vertical Text Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.10 Pure Uighur Mongolian and Manju Documents . . . . . . . . 173.11 Font Selection Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

1 General SettingsIn order to access the commands of MonTEX the package must be loaded inthe document preamble by saying

\usepackage[,]{mls}The options include choices for the basic document language and input

encodings.1

1.0.1 Document LanguageThe document language can be set with one of bicig, bithe, buryat,english, russian or xalx like in

\usepackage[xalx]{mls}which issues all captions and the date in Modern Mongolian.

The options bicig (see section 3.10, page 17) and bithe (see section 3.10,page 17) are introduced in part 3.9, �Full Vertical Text Pages�.

The options buryat, russian and xalx produce captions in Buryat, Rus- buryatrussianxalxsian and Modern Mongolian.Buryat 2002 onoï iµliin 1-näï üdär

Xalx 2002 ony doloodugaar saryn 1Russian 1 iµl¶ 2002

The option english, at least as a \usepackage option, is essentially a englishdo-nothing: it sets captions to English (which is the default of this packageanyway).

2 Cyrillic Text � Kirill üsäg2.1 Cyrillic Text in Transliteration (LMC) ModeMonTEX provides two basic modes of operation: in• Transliteration Mode (intimately linked to the LMC encoding) all in-coming text is regarded as transliterated Cyrillic. This allows users tocompose Cyrillic documents on pure ASCII machines. In contrast, the• Immediate Mode does nothing and waits for explicit Cyrillic charactersin the input in order to generate Cyrillic output.

Two commands are used to switch between these modes:\SetDocumentEncodingLMC\SetDocumentEncodingNeutral

The �rst command switches to Transliteration Mode, the second com-mand deactivates the transliteration and thus, by de�nition, activates Im-mediate Mode.

In the LMC encoding, most Cyrillic characters are mapped directly to asingle Latin character but for some characters there is a text command whichbecame necessary since there are more Cyrillic than Latin characters. Forconvenience, a few ligatures were de�ned, too. Details are given in table 1.

Front vowels can be entered directly using the encoding slot of a validand active input encoding, or they can be expressed via an abbreviated "vnotation where v stands for any desired vowel. In the LMC encoding used

2

Cyrillic Letter LMC Input Generic Command1 A a A a \CYRA \cyra2 B b B b \CYRB \cyrb3 W w W w \CYRV \cyrw4 G g G g \CYRG \cyrg5 D d D d \CYRD \cyrd6 E e E e \CYRE \cyre7 Ë ë Ë/"E ë/"e \CYRYO \cyryo

{\}YO {\}yo8 J j J j \CYRZH \cyrzh9 Z z Z z \CYRZ \cyrz10 I i I i \CYRI \cyri11 Ï ï Ï/"I ï/"i \CYRISHRT \cyrishrt

{\}YI {\}yi12 K k K k \CYRK \cyrk13 L l L l \CYRL \cyrl14 M m M m \CYRM \cyrm15 N n N n \CYRN \cyrn16 O o O o \CYRO \cyro17 Ö ö Ö/"O ö/"o \CYROTLD \cyrotld18 P p P p \CYRP \cyrp19 R r R r \CYRR \cyrr20 S s S s \CYRS \cyrs21 T t T t \CYRT \cyrt22 U u U u \CYRU \cyru23 Ü ü Ü/"U ü/"u \CYRY \cyry24 F f F f \CYRF \cyrf25 X x X x \CYRH \cyrh26 H h H h \CYRHSHA cyrhsha27 C c C c \CYRC \cyrc28 Q q Q q \CYRCH \cyrch

\Ch \ch29 ² \Sh \sh \CYRSH \cyrsh

sh30 ° \Sc \sc \CYRSHCH \cyrshch

\Qh \qh31 ´ \Y \y \CYRHRDSN \cyrhrdsn32 Y y Y y \CYRERY \cyrery33 ´ \I \i \CYRSFTSN \cyrsftsn34 Ä ä Ä/"A ä/"a \CYREREV \cyrerev35 µ {\}YU {\}yu \CYRYU \cyryu36 ¶ {\}YA {\}ya \CYRYA \cyrya

Table 1: Cyrillic Alphabet Input Methods3

by MonTEX, " is not an active character; selecting the proper letter is doneby ligature statements in the Metafont sources.Some letters can be entered with or without a preceding \, like µ and

¶. Both \yu and yu will produce a µ. While yu is interpreted as a ligature,\yu allows for the character µ to be combined with accents. Accents are notcommonly used in Mongolian since there are precise rules for word stress.This feature is taken from the OT2 encoding and is included mainly for thesake of completeness, convenience and compatibility 1.

Here now a sample of Mongolian text:

�Xalxyn gurwan öndör� xämäänaldar²san, Züün x¶zgaarygtoxinuulax saïd N. Dugar-jaw ardyn xuw´sgalyn büüräxän üeäs xamgiïn ägzägtäï am´düïsän alband tomilogdox cärägdaïny olon quxal daalgawrygxiqäängüïlän bielüülj ¶wsantüüxtäï xün.

{\mnrx"am"a"an aldarshsan, Z"u"un xyazgaarygtoxinuulax sa"id N.~Dugarjaw ardynxuw\i sgalyn b"u"ur "ax"an "ue"asxamgi"in "agz"agt"a"i am\i\ d"u"is"analband tomilogdox c"ar"ag da"iny olonquxal daalgawryg xiq"a"ang"u"il"anbiel"u"ulj yawsan t"u"uxt"a"i x"un.}

2.2 Shorthands for embedding words in a di�erent typefaceSometimes it may be necessary to give short portions of text not only in adi�erent encoding (for which the \lat{...} and \mnr{...} commands are \lat

\mnruseful) but it may also be necessary to switch the typeface temporarily. Usu-ally capsules using \textxx do the work if only the typeface is concerned, andbuilding nested commands like \textsf{\lat{...}} is cumbersome if thesechanges have to be applied very often. MonTEX provides an abbreviatedstyle following the rule

[k|l]two letter font style code {...}where the font style code is one of rm, bf, it, sl, sf, sc and tt, like\ksl{...} , \lsc{...} , etc.2.3 Shorthands for writing transliterated textsMonTEX provides shortcuts for writing certain accented symbols used in con-ventional transliterating of Mongolian by haceks, the nasal and the gamma.These shortcuts are essentially mnemonics replacing the somewhat more te-dious accent notation (see table 2).

It must be observed that these commands are by default dependent onthe environment they are used in. \Sh yields a when used in a Latin

1The magic triple-C!

4

Letter Input Letter Input

£ \ch \Ch�� \jh �J \Jh² \sh \Shº \zh \Zh \ng \Ngg \g G \G

Table 2: Shortcuts for Mongolian Transliteration Symbols

environment but results in a when used in a Cyrillic context2:

agdar and adraa are translitera-tions for agdar and Qadraa.

\emph{\Sh agdar} and \emph{\Ch adraa}are transliterations for{\mnr\Sh agdar} and {\mnr\Ch adraa}.

3 Uighur Mongolian and Manju InputA comprehensive table of the Mongolian alphabet and its MLS translitera-tion, the input conventions of the MLS transliteration in MonTEX and theSimpli�ed Transliteration is given in table 3.

The possible combinations of Mongolian writing input methods and dis-play commands are listed in table 4. The columns stand for each possibleinput encoding, the rows contain the display command types. Each tablecell at the contains the command that is available for a given combinationof input method and command.

While the input method for the majority of characters matches thetransliteration conventions, some letters require a slightly di�erent treat-ment:

1. Although the diphtong aiiÿ is usually rendered as ayi, it must beentered as aii in order to produce the desired e�ect.2. The back vowels o and u are both rendered as u.3. The front vowels ö and ü are both rendered as ui in �rst syllables and

as u in later syllables.4. Since t means both t and d, it is necessary to spell this letter as tin the beginning of words, and d in the middle of words, regardless of

the actual meaning.2The authors wish to thank J. Knappen for resolving one instability in the originalcode for these letters.

5

Uighur MLS Simpli�ed Uighur MLS Simpli�edScript Transl. Input Input Script Transl. Input Inpute a a a u s s sE ä ä, E e U sh S shv e e v tY t t tI i i i dY d d d, to o o u l l lo| u u u

m m m

oY ö ö, O ui, ucY c c c

b ü ü, U ui, u i z z z@n n n n y y y y|aiE *ng ng ng r r r rxY x x x vY v v vXY g G g hY h h hà k k k jY j j jà g g g, k k K K Kb b b b w [�] Q qp p p p CY C C Cf f f f ZY Z Z Z

Table 3: Mongolian Script Transliterations

5. The four consonants g, g, x and k are constrained with regard to thefollowing vowels. The Simpli�ed Transliteration renders these as g(before a and u only), g (before a and u only), x and k.

As it was demonstrated in subsection 2.1, it is technically possible tochoose between an automatic document encoding and the neutral mode. Inthe case of Uighur Mongolian, the mode of choice activates the Simpli�edTransliteration Mode and is called with

\SetDocumentEncodingBicigWith \SetDocumentEncodingBicig set, it is possible to switch to the

Simpli�ed Transliteration Mode anywhere in the document, not only in thepreamble.

Caveat: Since switching to Uighur Mongolian text requires a lot of set-tings to be e�ected at the same time, there are high-level commands available(see below all kinds of Mongolian and Manju Display Commands) which doall the work, including the de�nition of the document encoding. Thus, while\SetDocumentEncodingBicig is indeed classi�ed as a user-level command,

6

Command Mongolian ManjuType MLS Simpli�edDocumentEncoding

only available asfont encoding LMS,not as documentencoding

LMO LMA

HorizontalCapsules

\bcg (see sec-tion 3.5, page 10)

\bicig (see sec-tion 3.5, page 10)

\bithe (see sec-tion 3.5, page 10)

HorizontalParagraphs

not available bicigtext (see sec-tion 3.6, page 10)

bithetext (see sec-tion 3.6, page 10)

VerticalCapsules

\mbosoo (see sec-tion 4, page 11)

\mobosoo (see sec-tion 4, page 11)

\mabosoo (see sec-tion 4, page 11)

VerticalParagraphBoxes

not available \mobox (see sec-tion 3.8, page 11)

\mabox (see sec-tion 5, page 11)

VerticalPages

not available bicigpage (see sec-tion 3.9, page 12)

bithepage (see sec-tion 3.9, page 12)

Table 4: Mongolian Input and Display Commands

it is certainly not necessary for everyday work.3.1 Character VariantsWith the assistance of special, non-printing characters like the Form VariantSelectors, the appearance of certain characters can be modi�ed in order todisplay typographical and orthographical variants. Notably, the n will looseits dot before vowels, as will g. Let's assume the word �place� is writtenin an old book as XazaR. It should be understood that this is a variantof GazaR and should be spelled g'azar, not xazar. With vowels, the FormVariant Selectors can change the shape that is usually required by graphicalcontext. At present, only the �rst of two Form Variant Selectors actuallydoes something, the exact behaviour of the second Form Variant Selectorwaits to be implemented.

The following short example shows a concrete application of this method.It renders the six syllable mantra om ma ni padme hum (tib. �, mx, í,pxdemxx, 0h'�x,x,) as it is displayed on a huge bronze incense burner in front of the

Gandan Monastery in Ulaanbaatar:

7

vuE` M E

mÈ

uhE

` \mobox{3cm}{\noindent\sffamily\om uva\\\ ma'=a\\\ n'i\\\ badmi'\\\om huu}

3.2 Special CharactersFor the correct operation of retransliterating systems processing Mongolianscript additional symbols are needed. These include Form Variant Selectors(FVS), the Vowel Separator, and other symbols like the Mongolian PositionalIndicator. As can be seen from its usage in table 3, entering *ng tells thesystem to consider this ng to be in non-initial position.3

Besides these symbols, table 5 includes also some useful punctuationmarks etc. as they are used in Mongolian Script.3.3 Manju InputManju documents can be compiled with the bithe (see section 3.10, page 17)option to the \usepackage command, which will create complete documentsin Manju. Anywhere in the document, it is possible to switch to Manju input(transliteration mode) with \SetDocumentEncodingBithe which internallyactivates the LMA encoding.

Caveat: Since switching to Manju text requires a lot of settings to be ef-fected at the same time, there are high-level commands available (see below)which do all the work, including the de�nition of the document encoding.Thus, while \SetDocumentEncodingBithe is indeed classi�ed as a user-levelcommand, it is certainly not necessary for everyday work.3.4 Basic Character Set and RomanizationGiven by dictionary order, the system provides a basic character set as shownin table 6.

While the input method for the majority of characters matches thetransliteration conventions, some letters require a slightly di�erent treat-ment:

1. Although the diphtong aiiÿ is usually rendered as ai, it must be enteredas aii in order to produce the desired e�ect.3Unfortunately, though it is now commonly agreed in the scienti�c community thatthese symbols are needed, their de�nition is still in a state of �ux, and thus the symbolsgiven here are presented on a preliminary basis.

8

Symbol Name Input! Exclamation Mark !? Question Mark ?° Exclamation Question Mark !?¯ Question Exclamation Mark ?!* Mong. Positional Indicator * Mongolian Space -( Opening Bracket () Closing Bracket )< Opening Angle Bracket Closing Angle Bracket >« Opening Guillemot ' Form Variant Selector 1 '" Form Variant Selector 2 "+ Mong. Vowel Separator =| Mongolian Nuruu |. Period ., Comma ,: Colon :; Dörwöljin ;.. Ellipsis ..0 Digit zero 01 Digit one 12 Digit two 23 Digit three 34 Digit four 45 Digit �ve 56 Digit six 67 Digit seven 78 Digit eight 89 Digit nine 9

Table 5: Mongolian Script Special Symbols and Punctuation Marks

9

Manju Input Latin Manju Input Latin Manju Input LatinE a a H h h c c cE e e b b j jE i i p p p y y yEoÿ o o S s s ¤ k' k'Euÿ u u   s' ² ¢ g' g'E v u T t t £ h' h'

N n n D d d r r rK k k L l l F f fG g g M m m w w wTable 6: Manju Basic Character Set

2. The vowel which is conventionally rendered as û or u E can beentered as v or as \={u} due to the fact that a character û is notreadily available on most systems.

3. The consonant ²   can be entered as s' or as \v{s}, but not as*sh as to avoid undesired mergers of s and h like in ishun Eisä

whichshould not be *i²un Eiu

!

3.5 Small Portions of Mongolian and Manju in Running TextFor displaying short Mongolian snippets in running text use

MLS Romanization \bcg{...} . \bcgSimpli�ed Transliteration \bicig{...} . \bicig

For displaying short Manju snippets in running text use \bithe{...} . \bithe

This is Mugu Êci.That is Maaj Êá.

This is \bicig{munggul bicik}.That is \bithe{manju bithe}.

3.6 Horizontal Paragraphs of Mongolian or Manju TextIf one needs more than a few words of Mongolian or Manju but does notwant to change the line orientation, then the environments bicigtext for bicigtextMongolian (which should be entered in Mongolian Simpli�ed Transliteration)and bithetext for Manju are useful. bithetext

10

. RazÈanai àà RudaiuE ugai Ragud 81..71uluE , àiieN u uguM, t eliiuE isa , riutd iziä u ilaruE ugaliEesàeciiä àräE äucauEâic , RazÈanai àà RudaiuERugaziE u uruE adlaE agaXaX ayuN iiaS adÈaE adizÌruSzrudÌmuG aX deyisiut iä d uE 5361 t Rà ii

. esuriut

\begin{bicigtext}uindur gegen zanabazar.17..18 d'ugar zagun-u munggul-unneiigem, ulus tuiru, shasin-uuiiles-tu, ilangguy --a uralig-unkuikzil-du uncukui ekurgekuiicedgeksen uindur gegenzanabazar, cingkis xagan-ualdan urug-un izagur surbulzidanabadai saiin nuyan xan-u kuiutuisiyedu xan gumbudurzi-yinger-tu 1635 un-du tuiruksen.\end{bicigtext}

Ùrá icaH jauS haraE aHìelÌ usÚ jaaM hicmaKmE .ohooS akbaE .áÊ

.eyeM adaN .icaH

\begin{bithetext}han-i araha sunjahacin-i hergen kamcihamanju gisun-i bulekubithe. abkai so\v{s}ohon.emu hacin. nadan meyen.%\end{bithetext}

3.7 Vertical CapsulesIndividual Mongolian and Manju words can be placed vertically anywherein otherwise horizontal text like in the keyword entry of dictionaries. 4. The oaNnnoL

biciiE

withoutPostScriptsupportMongoliantextenclosed inverticalcapsuleswill beprintedhorizon-tally !

capsule containing the Mongolian or Manju word will automatically requestsu�cient space so that ugly overlaps with neighbouring lines will not happen.

For presenting text given in broad (or MLS) transliteration, use the com-mand \mbosoo{...} ; when writing in Mongolian Simpli�ed Transliteration,

\mbosoo

use \mobosoo{...} ; likewise for Manju, use \mabosoo{...} . All these com-

\mobosoo\mabosoo

mands are derived from a command \bosoo{...} which places text in ver-

\bosoo

tical capsules but leaves the contents untouched as far as the encoding isconcerned.

4Famous dictionaries with a mixture of vertical and horizontal printing areI. J. Schmidt's Mongolian-Russian-German dictionary (1835) and F. Lessing's Mongolian-English dictionary (1960).11

This is verticaltext . This is

oaNnnoLbiciiE

, this

is MuguÊci

, that is MaajÊá

.

This is \bosoo{vertical}\bosoo{text}.This is \mbosoo{mongGol}\mbosoo{bicig},this is \mobosoo{munggul}\mobosoo{bicik},that is \mabosoo{manju}\mabosoo{bithe}.

3.8 Vertical Text BoxesFor presenting individual paragraphs of Mongolian or Manju text in ver-tical manner in an otherwise horizontal text, there are the box commands\mobox{...}{...} for Mongolian5 and \mabox{...}{...} for Manju. These \mobox

\maboxboxes take two arguments. The �rst argument indicates the vertical depth ofthe box, or its line length. The second argument contains the desired text.

uug

uM

uga

iRag

ud81

..71

eliiuE

isa

,riu

tul

uE,

àiieN

diz

iäuil

aruE

ug

aliE,

tàà

RudaiuE

esà

eciiä

àräE

äuca

uEuur

uEadlaE

aga

Xâ

ic,R

azÈanai

aXayu

NiiaS

adÈaE

adiz

ÌruS

Rugazi

ERà

iizr

udÌmuG

aXdeyis

iutiä

.

esur

iutd

uE53

61t \mobox{7.5cm}{%uindur gegen zanabazar.

17..18 d'ugar zagun-u munggul-unneiigem, ulus tuiru, shasin-uuiiles-tu, ilangguy --a uralig-unkuikzil-du uncukui ekurgekuiicedgeksen uindur gegenzanabazar, cingkis xagan-ualdan urug-un izagur surbulzidanabadai saiin nuyan xan-u kuiutuisiyedu xan gumbudurzi-yinger-tu 1635 un-du tuiruksen.%}

5Mongolian input must be coded in Mongolian Simpli�ed Transliteration; MLS inputwon't work.

12

jauS

hara

EaH

hicmaK

Ùrá

icaH

ìelÌ

us

Új

aaMak

baE.á

ÊmE

.oh

ooS

.eyeM

adaN

.icaH \mabox{3.75cm}{%\raggedleft han-i araha sunja

hacin-i hergen kamcihamanju gisun-i bulekubithe. abkai so\v{s}ohon.emu hacin. nadan meyen.%}

3.9 Full Vertical Text PagesIf you need several pages of Mongolian output, enclose your text in an evi-ronment bicigpage , and use bithepage likewise for Manju texts. Note that bicigpage

bithepageMongolian must be entered in Simpli�ed Transliteration.Finally, if you want the whole document and its basic language to be Clas-

sical, or Uighur Mongolian, say \usepackage[bicig,...]{mls} . Likewise,complete Manju documents are produced with \usepackage[bithe,...]{mls} .

If you start a document with a \usepackage[bicig]{mls} declarationyou can still switch back to Latin by issuing an \end{bicigpage} command.

Likewise, if you start a document with a \usepackage[bithe]{mls} dec-laration you can still switch back to Latin by issuing an \end{bithepage}command.

The following snippet of Mongolian text is presented in full page mode onthe next pages, �rst in Simpli�ed Transliteration form, then in Uighur form;in order to achieve this result the text had to be included in the environmentbicigpage .

13

\begin{bicigpage}uindur gegen zanabazar.17||18 d'ugar zagun-u munggul-un neiigem, ulus tuiru, shasin-uuiiles-tu, ilangguy=a uralig-un kuikzil-du uncugui ekurgekuiicedgeksen uindur gegen zanabazar, cingkis xagan-u aldanurug-un izagur surbulzidan abadai saiin nuyan xan-u kuiutuisiyedu xan gumbudurzi-yin ger-tu 1635 un-du tuiruksen.badu muingke dayan xagan-u 6-d'aki uiy=e-yin kuimun. gurbannasudai-d'agan num ungsizu enedkek gazar tuibed kele-yi xar=aayandagan surcu, keuked axui cag-aca erdem num-un duiri-teibulugsan zanabazar 15 nasu-tai-dagan baragun zuu (lhasa)uruzu tabudugar dalai lam=a-d'u shabilan saguzu, ulamarzebCundamba-yin xubilgan tudurazei. uran barimalci, zirugaci,kele sinzigeci, uran barilgaci, kuin uxagandan zanabazar ulanzagun zil-un daiin tululdugan-d'u nerbekden suliduzu, zugsunggibaiidal-d'u urugsan dumdadu zagun-u munggul-un suyul uralig-iserkun manduxu-d'u yeke xubi nemekuri urugulugsan yum. tekun-uabiyas bilig nuiri yeke kuidelmuri-ber munggul-un uralig nigenuiy=e tanigdasi uigei uindurlik-tu kuiruksen azei. xarin 1654un-d'u neiislel kuiriyen-u tulg=a-yin cilagu-yi tabilcagsanzanabazar-un uran barilg=a-yin buidugel-ece uinudur-i uizeksenzuiil barug uigei ni xaramsaldai. zanabazar uindesun-u biciguisuk-i kuikzikulku-d'u beyecilen urulcazu, suyungbu uisuk-izukiyazu ene uiy=e suyungbu ni man-u tusagar tugdanil-un belgetemdek bulugsagar baiin=a. tere-ber gedek silukleksen zukiyal-d'agan arad tuimen-u-ben engkeamugulang, saiin saiixan-i imagda kuisen muirugedezu yabudagsedkil-un-iien uige-i ilerkeiileksen baiidag. uindur gegenduirsuleku uralig-un xubi-d'u uirun=e-yin sunggudag-ud-taieng zergeceku buidugel-tei kuimun abacu basa xari ulus-unbuzar bacir arg=a-d'u abdagdan yabugsan nigen....... more text ...

...\end{bicigpage}

Figure 1: Input Example of a Mongolian text

14

.Raz

Èanaiàà

RudaiuE

iziä

uil

aruE

ugal

iE,

telii

uE

isa

,riu

tul

uE,

àiieN

uug

uM

ugai

Ragud

81||7

1ad

ÈaEadiz

ÌruS

Rugazi

Eu

uruE

adlaE

aga

Xâ

ic,R

azÈanai

ààRud

aiuE

esà

eciiä

àräE

uguca

uEd

aga

Xaya

tà

iuMdÈ

.es

uriut

duE

5361

tRà

iizr

udÌmuG

aXdeyis

iutiä

aX

ayuNiiaS

,cru

Sag

adaayaE

RaXià

Èiut

RazaG

àen

Ezis

uE

uNag

aad

usaNÈr

uG.

umiä

iii

uEâa

6zuru

E)sa

hL(ui

ugarÈ

agad

atsaN

51Raz

Èanai

asxu

Ìet

riut

uuN

edrE

ca|

acux

aEà

uà,

caguri

i,cl

amirÈ

aruE

.ez

arudut

agÊ

uXii

ÈmadauCbei

RamaluE

,zug

aSaÊ

a

aL

alatRag

udÌat

,zud

iluSedÈreN

ag

udlulu

tiia

tuii

ugaialu

ERazÈ

anaiadaag

axuEiä

,cag

lirÈ

aruE,

càiza

iSà

räemeN

ÊuX

àey

xud

aaMär

eS

ilaruE

uyuS

uug

uM

ugai

dadmut

asxur

uE

adiiÈ

gusx

uiài

uEsa

dxinat

iuE

àiN

ilaruE

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16

3.10 Pure Uighur Mongolian and Manju DocumentsWriting a complete document in Mongolian or Manju is as simple andstraightforward as writing a document in English or Xalx Mongolian.

The example �le, zanabazr.tex (shipped together with this documenta-tion and located in the directory ../examples/ ) demonstrates how a pureMongolian Bicig document can be created.\documentclass{article}\usepackage[bicig]{mls}\begin{document}uindur gegen zanabazar.17||18 d'ugar zagun-u munggul-un neiigem, ulus tuiru,shasin-u uiiles-tu, ilangguy=a uralig-un kuikzil-du...... more text ...

...\end{document}

The concept is the same for Manju documents: instead of bicig one bicigwould use the \usepackage[...]{mls} option bithe and enter Manju text. bithe3.11 Font Selection CommandsThere are two distinct styles of Mongolian script: one style is typically usedfor modern print, whereas the other style appears in old block prints andstone inscriptions.

Since there is no proper equivalent between Latin and Mongolian typo-graphical features, a somewhat arbitrary assignment was made to the e�ectthat the block print style can be activated by setting the font family sansserif with \sffamily . In contrast, setting the roman default family with \sffamily\rmfamily switches back to the modern style. \rmfamily

uguM

ug

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uM \mobox{2cm}{\noindentmunggul\\\sffamily munggul\\\rmfamily munggul}

17

General SettingsDocument LanguageCyrillic Text -- PD1LMCKirill "us"agCyrillic Text in Transliteration (LMC) ModeShorthands for embedding words in a different typefaceShorthands for writing transliterated texts

Uighur Mongolian and Manju InputCharacter VariantsSpecial CharactersManju InputBasic Character Set and RomanizationSmall Portions of Mongolian and Manju in Running TextHorizontal Paragraphs of Mongolian or Manju TextVertical CapsulesVertical Text BoxesFull Vertical Text PagesPure Uighur Mongolian and Manju DocumentsFont Selection Commands