Monroe to Monroe to JacksonJackson

The Development of the Age The Development of the Age of the “Common Man”of the “Common Man”

Pics Pics

AP OutlineAP Outline 8. Nationalism and 8. Nationalism and

Economic Expansion:Economic Expansion: James Monroe: Era of Good James Monroe: Era of Good

FeelingsFeelings Panic of 1819Panic of 1819 Settlement of the WestSettlement of the West Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise Foreign Affairs: Canada, Foreign Affairs: Canada,

Florida, the Monroe DoctrineFlorida, the Monroe Doctrine Election of 1824: end of the Election of 1824: end of the

Virginia DynastyVirginia Dynasty Economic RevolutionEconomic Revolution Early RailroadsEarly Railroads Expansion of businessExpansion of business

Beginning of factory systemBeginning of factory system Early labor movement; Early labor movement;

womenwomen Social mobility; extremes of Social mobility; extremes of

wealthwealth The cotton revolution in the The cotton revolution in the

SouthSouth Commercial agricultureCommercial agriculture

9. Sectionalism9. Sectionalism The SouthThe South

Cotton KingdomCotton Kingdom Southern trade and industrySouthern trade and industry Southern Society and Southern Society and

cultureculture Gradations of White Gradations of White

SocietySociety Nature of slavery: Nature of slavery:

“Peculiar Institution”“Peculiar Institution” The mind of the SouthThe mind of the South

The NorthThe NorthNortheast IndustryNortheast Industry LaborLabor ImmigrationImmigration Urban SlumsUrban Slums

Northwest agricultureNorthwest agriculture Westward ExpansionWestward Expansion

Advance of agriculture Advance of agriculture frontierfrontier

Significance of the FrontierSignificance of the Frontier Life on the Frontier; Life on the Frontier;

squatterssquatters Removal of American Removal of American

Indians Indians

Setting the StageSetting the StageWhat is the significance of this What is the significance of this

passage?passage? ““We stand at this moment (1821) on the We stand at this moment (1821) on the

brink of fate, on the very edge of the brink of fate, on the very edge of the precipice…. We are no longer to remain precipice…. We are no longer to remain plain and simple republics of farmers, plain and simple republics of farmers, like New England colonist, or Dutch like New England colonist, or Dutch settlements on the Hudson. We are fast settlements on the Hudson. We are fast becoming a great nation, with great becoming a great nation, with great commerce, manufactures, population, commerce, manufactures, population, wealth, luxuries, and with vices and wealth, luxuries, and with vices and miseries that they engender.”miseries that they engender.”

Themes ContinuedThemes Continued Western Expansion-Western Expansion- people move West, people move West,

Indian land is confiscatedIndian land is confiscated Conflict and Compromise: Conflict and Compromise: Slavery Slavery expands expands

with the movement of people West causes with the movement of people West causes political compromises (political compromises (Missouri Missouri CompromiseCompromise))

IndustrializationIndustrialization- factories, cities, - factories, cities, immigrationimmigration

TransportationTransportation- networks increase, roads - networks increase, roads (Turnpikes), canals, steamboats (Fulton), (Turnpikes), canals, steamboats (Fulton), railroads increase in this period railroads increase in this period

The The Madisonian Platform=Madisonian Platform=the American Systemthe American System

After the War there is a huge feeling of After the War there is a huge feeling of NationalismNationalism- - The idea of loyalty or devotion to a nation, The idea of loyalty or devotion to a nation,

or or Pride in one’s country, usually excessivePride in one’s country, usually excessive

Madison unveils a program to develop Madison unveils a program to develop the country through the leadership of the country through the leadership of the the Federal GovernmentFederal Government::

Military, banking, protective tariffs, Military, banking, protective tariffs, internal improvements (roads, canals), internal improvements (roads, canals), and a national universityand a national university

Madison’s PlatformMadison’s Platform MilitaryMilitary Banking- Chartering the Banking- Chartering the Second Bank of the Second Bank of the

United StatesUnited States -first bank, time ran out and paper -first bank, time ran out and paper money issued caused inflation Bank is created money issued caused inflation Bank is created 1816- 1816- became economically strongbecame economically strong McCullah vs. Maryland-McCullah vs. Maryland- Marshall-ruled that the Marshall-ruled that the

Bank was legal and states could not tax it.Bank was legal and states could not tax it. Protective Tariff-Protective Tariff- During Embargo, During Embargo,

manufacturing in Northeast develops, Brits manufacturing in Northeast develops, Brits produce more goods, cheaper, and fasterproduce more goods, cheaper, and faster

Textile industrialists, (Lowell) support tariffTextile industrialists, (Lowell) support tariff Even Even CalhounCalhoun of South Carolina, supported the of South Carolina, supported the

tarifftariff, because of nationalistic or patriotic reasons., because of nationalistic or patriotic reasons.

James Monroe 1817-1825James Monroe 1817-1825Virginian, worked as Virginian, worked as Secretary of State for Secretary of State for

MadisonMadison

Era of “Good Feelings”Era of “Good Feelings”

““Era of Good Feelings”Era of Good Feelings” Is a common term Is a common term related to the period of time where there was a related to the period of time where there was a drastic reduction of political infighting, drastic reduction of political infighting, (Federalists are all but extinct)(Federalists are all but extinct) International problems are drastically International problems are drastically reducedreduced High level of High level of NationalismNationalism and optimism and optimism

People in the US are on the move economically, and People in the US are on the move economically, and geographically (geographically (Westward ExpansionWestward Expansion) )

Nationalism-Nationalism- The idea of loyalty or devotion to a nation, or The idea of loyalty or devotion to a nation, or Pride in one’s country, usually excessivePride in one’s country, usually excessive Americans look inward to develop-Americans look inward to develop- West/transportation/economic development/West/transportation/economic development/ Problem-sectionalism continuesProblem-sectionalism continues

Republicans Change Views Republicans Change Views 1816-291816-29

Madison’s PlatformMadison’s Platform Now Supported large navyNow Supported large navy Supported Charter of Second Bank Supported Charter of Second Bank

of USof US Protective TariffProtective Tariff Internal ImprovementsInternal Improvements

The American SystemThe American System

Similar to Madison’s Platform ideas Similar to Madison’s Platform ideas (Clay is associated with supporting plan)(Clay is associated with supporting plan)

1. 1. Protective Tariff-Protective Tariff- to pay for to pay for improvementsimprovements

2. 2. National Bank-National Bank- organize finances of organize finances of the governmentthe government

3. 3. Internal Improvements-Internal Improvements- roads, canals roads, canals (this became an issue for some states’ (this became an issue for some states’ rights congressmen)rights congressmen)

Panic of 1819Panic of 1819 In the years before 1819 European countries In the years before 1819 European countries

were disrupted by Napoleon’s War-were disrupted by Napoleon’s War- American goods- cotton and agriculture were American goods- cotton and agriculture were

in high demand, causing prices to risein high demand, causing prices to rise Cotton 1815-.20 cents lbCotton 1815-.20 cents lb 1816-.30 cents lb1816-.30 cents lb 1818-.33 cents lb1818-.33 cents lb

Causes land prices to rise, many land Causes land prices to rise, many land speculators and farmers borrow $ to buy land,speculators and farmers borrow $ to buy land,

When the price of goods goes down due to When the price of goods goes down due to reduced demand, farmers, speculators and reduced demand, farmers, speculators and banks go broke- this causes a depression for 6 banks go broke- this causes a depression for 6 years.years.

Webster, Calhoun and Webster, Calhoun and ClayClay Three Congressmen will help temper Three Congressmen will help temper

Sectional InterestsSectional Interests and help make and help make compromisescompromises for a generation. for a generation.

Webster (North)Webster (North)

Congressman Daniel Webster of Congressman Daniel Webster of MassachusettsMassachusetts 1812-1852 1812-1852

WhigWhig Anti-Slavery viewsAnti-Slavery views Wants to preserve the Wants to preserve the UnionUnion ““Liberty and Union now and forever one and Liberty and Union now and forever one and

inseparable.”inseparable.” Manufacturing interests-Manufacturing interests- Party to a number of CompromisesParty to a number of Compromises Great OratorGreat Orator

Calhoun (Mr. Calhoun (Mr. Southerner)Southerner)

Congressman Congressman John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun of South of South Carolina 1811-1850Carolina 1811-1850

Strongest Advocate of States’ Rights Strongest Advocate of States’ Rights Starts as Dem-Republican Starts as Dem-Republican Later will be part of Democratic partyLater will be part of Democratic party

In favor of securing SlaveryIn favor of securing Slavery Secretary of War for MonroeSecretary of War for Monroe Will become Vice President in Will become Vice President in Jackson’s first AdminJackson’s first Admin Supports Nullification Supports Nullification

John C. Calhoun saidJohn C. Calhoun said

About Henry Clay:About Henry Clay: ““I don’t like Henry Clay, he’s a bad I don’t like Henry Clay, he’s a bad

man an imposter, a creator of man an imposter, a creator of wicked schemes. I wouldn’t speak wicked schemes. I wouldn’t speak to him but by god I love him.”to him but by god I love him.”

Clay (West)Clay (West) Speaker of the House Speaker of the House Henry ClayHenry Clay of Kentucky of Kentucky

1811-1849 (died in office)1811-1849 (died in office) ““War Hawk”War Hawk” (Pro-War of 1812) (Pro-War of 1812) Sponsored “American System”Sponsored “American System”

Internal ImprovementsInternal Improvements Transportation networkTransportation network National BankNational Bank Protective TariffProtective Tariff

Brokers the Brokers the Missouri Compromise-Missouri Compromise- to preserve the to preserve the UnionUnion

Runs for President a few times (1824)Runs for President a few times (1824) Whig PartyWhig Party

Foreign Policy Under Foreign Policy Under MonroeMonroe

John Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams,, the son of the son of President John Adams, of President John Adams, of Massachusetts, Secretary of State for Massachusetts, Secretary of State for MonroeMonroe

Follows a Follows a Nationalist policyNationalist policy

1.1. Expand American Expand American TerritoryTerritory

2.2. Reduce European Reduce European Influence in the Influence in the WesternWestern Hemisphere Hemisphere

Canada, Florida, and the Canada, Florida, and the Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

Adams negotiated Adams negotiated Anglo-American Anglo-American ConventionConvention set a final settlement to set a final settlement to the border of Canada- 49° parallel – the border of Canada- 49° parallel – legitimacy of Louisiana Purchaselegitimacy of Louisiana Purchase

Adams-Onis TreatyAdams-Onis Treaty (Spain) 1819- (Spain) 1819- Florida, after War of 1812, Florida, after War of 1812, Monroe ordered Andrew Jackson to kill Monroe ordered Andrew Jackson to kill

indiansindians Seminole Indians in Florida- Seminole Indians in Florida- Adams was able to get the Spanish to sell Adams was able to get the Spanish to sell

Florida to US in exchange for assumption of Florida to US in exchange for assumption of American Claims from the Napoleonic WarsAmerican Claims from the Napoleonic Wars

Monroe Doctrine 1823Monroe Doctrine 1823 Latin America was in the process of gaining Latin America was in the process of gaining

independence from Spainindependence from Spain European powers threatened to reassert control European powers threatened to reassert control

in the Western Hemispherein the Western Hemisphere Adams wrote:Adams wrote: No (New) European Colonization in Western No (New) European Colonization in Western

HemisphereHemisphere Isolation (US will not intervene in European Wars)Isolation (US will not intervene in European Wars) Non-Intervention (Europeans were to keep their Non-Intervention (Europeans were to keep their

hands off the Americas)hands off the Americas) Significance/Effects- Americans will cite the Significance/Effects- Americans will cite the

Monroe Doctrine in future issues of Foreign PolicyMonroe Doctrine in future issues of Foreign Policy British SupportBritish Support

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

Adams: “The American continents Adams: “The American continents are henceforth not to be considered are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by as subjects for future colonization by any European Power.”any European Power.”

““Our policy in regard to Europe … is Our policy in regard to Europe … is not to interfere in the internal not to interfere in the internal concerns of its power.” concerns of its power.”

Sectional Crisis and Sectional Crisis and Expansion: Expansion:

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise 1819 Missouri wants to enter the 1819 Missouri wants to enter the

Union as a slave stateUnion as a slave state The issue of Slavery emerges againThe issue of Slavery emerges again North and South don’t want to lose North and South don’t want to lose

power ie., votes in Congress (states power ie., votes in Congress (states had entered in pairs slave/free had entered in pairs slave/free especially the Senate)especially the Senate)

1819- 11 free and 11 slaves states1819- 11 free and 11 slaves states

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

Daniel WebsterDaniel Webster creates a deal creates a deal Missouri enters the union as a slave Missouri enters the union as a slave

statestate Maine enters as a free stateMaine enters as a free state Territory of the Louisiana purchase Territory of the Louisiana purchase

above 36°30’ could not have slaveryabove 36°30’ could not have slavery The Compromise resulted in stability The Compromise resulted in stability

of the Unionof the Union It also resulted in increased It also resulted in increased

sectional/political division sectional/political division

Missouri comp mapMissouri comp map

Election of 1824Election of 1824 Jackson, Adams, Clay Jackson, Adams, Clay No clear majority in Electoral CollegeNo clear majority in Electoral College According to the 12According to the 12thth amendment, amendment, House of Reps choose between the top three House of Reps choose between the top three

candidates with the highest number of electoral votescandidates with the highest number of electoral votes Clay throws support to AdamsClay throws support to Adams Jackson won the popular vote, popular in the WEST as Jackson won the popular vote, popular in the WEST as

a military hero- stood for a military hero- stood for slavery, nationalism, slavery, nationalism, protective tariff,protective tariff,

Adams won the Electoral Vote Adams won the Electoral Vote Jackson will claim a Jackson will claim a “Corrupt Bargain”“Corrupt Bargain” was struck was struck

between Adams and Clay- appointed Secretary of between Adams and Clay- appointed Secretary of State)State)

Resulted in the SPLITING OF THE REPUBLICAN Resulted in the SPLITING OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTYPARTY

1824 Elect1824 Elect

New Parties EmergeNew Parties Emerge Democratic PartyDemocratic Party,,

Supporters of Jackson Supporters of Jackson will unite (Closer to will unite (Closer to Jeffersonian Jeffersonian Republicans)Republicans)

Whig PartyWhig Party Supporters Supporters of Henry Clay (closer of Henry Clay (closer to to FederalistsFederalists)) 1. 1. Protective Tariff-Protective Tariff- to to

pay for improvementspay for improvements 2. 2. National Bank-National Bank-

organize finances of the organize finances of the governmentgovernment

3. 3. Internal Internal Improvements-Improvements- roads, roads, canals (this became an canals (this became an issue for some states’ issue for some states’ rights congressmen)rights congressmen)