Monroe L. Weber-Shirk

School of Civil and

Environmental Engineering

Global ResourcesGlobal Resources

OutlineOutline

Population Our Footprint Energy Transportation Water

Population Our Footprint Energy Transportation Water

Population Pyramids(by country)

Population Pyramids(by country)

Prediction of future population based on current population

Prediction of future population based on current population

http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbpyr.html

Urban PopulationUrban Population

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

year

mill

ions

West Asia

North America

Latin America and theCaribbean

Europe and Central Asia

Asia and the Pacific

Africa

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

year

mil

lion

s

Rural

Urban

Urban population is overtaking rural population

Urban and Developed World footprints

The Footprint of the Developed World

The Footprint of the Developed World

North America, Europe and parts of East Asia consume immense (unsustainable) quantities of energy and raw materials, and produce high volumes of wastes and polluting emissions…

that cause environmental damage on a global scale (notably climate change) and widespread pollution and disruption of ecosystems, often in countries far removed from the site of consumption.

Wealthy industrialized countries control pollution locally but the wider-scale impacts (apart from ozone depletion) have yet to be tackled effectively.

North America, Europe and parts of East Asia consume immense (unsustainable) quantities of energy and raw materials, and produce high volumes of wastes and polluting emissions…

that cause environmental damage on a global scale (notably climate change) and widespread pollution and disruption of ecosystems, often in countries far removed from the site of consumption.

Wealthy industrialized countries control pollution locally but the wider-scale impacts (apart from ozone depletion) have yet to be tackled effectively.

Energy ConsumptionEnergy Consumption

0 50 100 150 200

Africa

Asia and the Pacific

Europe and Central Asia

Latin America and theCaribbean

North America

West Asia

Total Energy Consumption (Pj)

0 100 200 300 400

Per Capita Energy Consumption (Gj)

1015 P "Peta"

1012 T "Tera"

109 G "Giga"

106 M"Mega"

103 k "kilo"

1015 P "Peta"

1012 T "Tera"

109 G "Giga"

106 M"Mega"

103 k "kilo"

How much does How much does a Gj of electricity a Gj of electricity cost?cost?

Energy conversions

What are the What are the energy costs per energy costs per person?person?

Motor VehiclesMotor Vehicles

Transport now accounts for _____ of world energy use _____ of the world's oil production

motor vehicles account for nearly ___ % of all transport-related energy

Transport is a major contributor to greenhouse gas

emissions pollutes urban air uses substantial land degrades and fragments habitat

Transport now accounts for _____ of world energy use _____ of the world's oil production

motor vehicles account for nearly ___ % of all transport-related energy

Transport is a major contributor to greenhouse gas

emissions pollutes urban air uses substantial land degrades and fragments habitat

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1980

1990

1996

year

mill

ions

West Asia

North America

Latin America andthe Caribbean

Europe andCentral Asia

Asia and thePacific

Africa

1/41/2

80

FreshwaterFreshwater

The declining state of the world's freshwater resources, in terms of quantity and quality, may prove to be the dominant issue on the environment and development agenda of the coming century

About 20 % of the world's population lacks access to safe drinking water and about 50 % lacks adequate sanitation

Worldwide, polluted water is estimated to affect the health of about 1.2 billion people and to contribute to the death of about 15 million children under five every year (ICWE 1992).

The declining state of the world's freshwater resources, in terms of quantity and quality, may prove to be the dominant issue on the environment and development agenda of the coming century

About 20 % of the world's population lacks access to safe drinking water and about 50 % lacks adequate sanitation

Worldwide, polluted water is estimated to affect the health of about 1.2 billion people and to contribute to the death of about 15 million children under five every year (ICWE 1992).

Measures of PovertyMeasures of Poverty

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

malnourished children

people not expectedto survive to age 40

people lackinghealth services

illiterate adults

people lackingsafe water

people who areincome-poor

millions

Water Supply – Global Coverage in 2000

Water Supply – Global Coverage in 2000

0 – 25%26 – 50%51 – 75%76 – 90%91 – 100%Missing data

What do the countries with the poorest coverage share?

Water Supply in the Largest Cities

Water Supply in the Largest Cities

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Unserved

Others

Borehole or handpump

Public tap

House connection oryard tap

Mean percentage of population with each type of serviceMean percentage of population with each type of service

What are the implications of being “unserved?”

Treated Urban WastewaterTreated Urban Wastewater

0%

35%

14%

66%

90%

no data0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Africa Asia LA & C N. Amer. Oceania Europe

Our Global PrioritiesOur Global Priorities

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

billions of dollars

Annual

1.7 million children die from lack of clean water

5 million people die every year from water borne diseases.

180 million children are hungry

1.7 million children die from lack of clean water

5 million people die every year from water borne diseases.

180 million children are hungry

Goals for Sustainable Development Related to Water

Goals for Sustainable Development Related to Water

Ensure the adequate supply and efficient use of water for agricultural, industrial, urban and rural development

Ensure adequate access of the poor majority to clean water for domestic use and small scale agriculture

Ensure adequate protection of watersheds, aquifers and freshwater ecosystems and resources

Ensure the adequate supply and efficient use of water for agricultural, industrial, urban and rural development

Ensure adequate access of the poor majority to clean water for domestic use and small scale agriculture

Ensure adequate protection of watersheds, aquifers and freshwater ecosystems and resources

economic

social

environmental

The ChallengeThe Challenge

All population growth is expected to occur in developing nations

Rural population is expected to stabilize at around 3.2 billion (from 2.97 billion today)

The growing population will settle in urban areas. The challenge is to provided the basic

infrastructure required by nearly 2 billion new urban residents in the developing world by 2025.

All population growth is expected to occur in developing nations

Rural population is expected to stabilize at around 3.2 billion (from 2.97 billion today)

The growing population will settle in urban areas. The challenge is to provided the basic

infrastructure required by nearly 2 billion new urban residents in the developing world by 2025.

SummarySummary

Global Human Population Resource Utilization

Currently unsustainable Wealthy industrialized countries cause environmental

damage on a global scale Unjust and likely basis of future conflicts

Water Challenge of providing clean drinking water and treating

wastewater as population grows, resources are stretched, and global climate changes

Energy…Our information technology revolution will fail if it continues to run on coal and oil

Global Human Population Resource Utilization

Currently unsustainable Wealthy industrialized countries cause environmental

damage on a global scale Unjust and likely basis of future conflicts

Water Challenge of providing clean drinking water and treating

wastewater as population grows, resources are stretched, and global climate changes

Energy…Our information technology revolution will fail if it continues to run on coal and oil

ReflectionsReflections

Is it ethical to drive an SUV? Slash and burn world view Human propensity to focus on the wrongs

of the other Rain forest destruction

Is it ethical to drive an SUV? Slash and burn world view Human propensity to focus on the wrongs

of the other Rain forest destruction

Energy CostsEnergy Costs

8$0.10 $2.8 10 $283600 1000hr kW

kW hr s W J GJ

-´× × = =

×

If all of our energy use was electricity our annual energy cost would be

350 $28$9,700 /

GJperson

Capita GJ× =

•Electricity is the most expensive form of energy.

•We pay for our energy at many different places.

Taxes, gasoline, firewood, anything we purchase!