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there are 3 of them – name ‘em!
Monotheistic Religions
Judaism – General Facts
• Monotheism
• Holy book: Torah
• Day of worship: Saturday
• Place of worship: Temple/Synagogue
• Key figures: Abraham/Moses
• Symbol: Star of David
• Priests: RabbisThe Belz Great Synagogue
The Age of Faith
• Abraham makes a covenant with God (Yahweh)
• Covenant – Agreement to follow and worship God
• Abraham and followers are promised Canaan in modern day Israel and migrate around 1800 BC
• What modern day country did Abraham lead his people from?
The Covenant!
Abraham being tested…
The Age of Faith
Jewish tribes settled in the land between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea
Judaism continues to develop in Canaan and evolves culturally as an oral religion between multiple Jewish tribes What does this mean? Why is this period called the “Age of Faith”
The Age of Law
• Jewish tribes migrate to Egypt due to famine and end up enslaved by the pharaohs
• Moses leads the Jews out of slavery and to freedom (Exodus)
• Celebrated during Passover
The Age of Law
• New covenant formed during the Exodus atop Mount Sinai
• While praying Moses received the 10 Commandments • Civil and religious laws for
Jews
• What written law codes in our society?
• Leads to the rise of Ethical Monotheism• What do you think this
means?
The return of the Jews to Canaan led to the Jewish
Golden AgeWhat is a golden age? Where is it going to occur?
The Kingdom of Israel 1022-920 BC
Saul – Unites 12 Hebrew tribes into one Jewish state
David – Son-in-law. Consolidates land and maintains peace
Solomon – Wise ruler, creates wealth through trade, and built Jewish Temple. Increased taxes and drained the treasury
After Solomon and the golden age, Israel is divided, conquered, and forced to pay tribute, to the Babylonians, Persians,
Greeks, Romans…
Under Roman rule the Diaspora (scattering) occurs and the Jewish people are driving from the
ancient homeland and forced to wander
What’s the big deal about the Diaspora?
There is no homeland for Jewish people until 1948 and the creation of
Israel after World War II
Christianity
Christianity…in one slide
He was Jewish Preached monotheism 10 Commandments Love ▪ What does he mean by
love?
Bible New and Old
Testament
Believed to be the Messiah One to free the Jews
Crucified by Romans Rose from the dead Jesus Christ ▪ Christos means “messiah”
or “savior” in Greek
Son of God Sacrificed for mans’ sins
Spread through missionaries
Day of worship =Sunday
What is being represented here? What Christian practice originates from this event?
The Word of Christ through the Gospel Luke“Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless those who curse you, and pray for those who mistreat you. If anyone hits you on the cheek, let him hit the other one too; if someone takes your coat, let
him have your shirt as well. Give to everyone who asks you for something, and when someone takes what is yours, do not ask for it
back. Do for others just what you want them to do for you.” - Luke 6:27-31
INSERT A PICTURE HERE OR A MAP…
ADFAFAFDAFDAFD
Why does it spread…?
Embraced all
Hope to the powerless
Reject wealth of Rome
Personal relationship of love with God
Life after death – Heaven
How is Christianity organized?
Who’s at the top? Who’s at the bottom?
Church Hierarchy
Pope
Cardinals
Archbishops/Bishops
Priests/Fathers/Monks/Etc
GOD
you
Islam – the youngest of the monotheistic religions.
Islam – Rise of the Last Monotheistic Religion
PRE-MUHAMMAD
Arabian Peninsula Arab nomads
Desert/Oasis lifestyle Clan/family life
Trade routes through Mecca Spices, incense, silk
Polytheistic – worshipped idols at the Ka’aba (built by Abraham)
POST-MUHAMMAD
Voice of God, through the angel Gabriel, spoke to him He was the messenger
of God Last of the prophets Allah is the one and
only God Islam – “submission to
the will of Allah” Muslim – “one who has
submitted”
Islam
PRE-MOHAMMED
Arabian peninsula Nomadic culture Traveled from oasis to oasis
Mecca Center of Arabian trade and
commerce▪ Goods (spices/silk), ideas, and
people
Polytheistic/tribal religion centered in Mecca and the Ka’aba Structure built by Abraham
POST-MOHAMMED
Mohammed received revelations from the angel Gabriel
Last of the prophets
Religion emphasized strict obedience and submission to God (Allah)
Muslim: “one who submits”:
The HijrahMecca to Medina
622 C.E. Mohammed and supporters leave for Medina
• Starting point for Islam
• Why?
632 C.E. – Return to Mecca, destroy the idols at the Ka’aba, and convert people
• Converts joined the umma or religious community
Beliefs and Practices
The Five Pillars
1. Faith – “There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is the Messenger of Allah”
2. Prayer – 5 times a day. Pray in a mosque
3. Alms – Give $$$ to the poor
4. Fasting – Fast during holy month of Ramadan from dawn to sunset
5. Pilgrimage – Perform the Hajj to Mecca
Other Info…
No pork/alcoholic bevs
Friday is day of worship
Worship Allah directly
Scholar class called the ulama
Holy text – Qur’an
Islamic law = Sharia
No idolatry! Which means…?
Sunni and Shiite (Shia) – the two main branches.
Sunni follow an elected community leaderShiite follow a successor of Muhammad’s family
The Ka’bah
The Qu’ran
What do you notice about its design on the cover?
Muslim expansion and conquest