Monolithic Memory

8/3/2019 Monolithic Memory

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Vn|hw aof Gkofbvbkow

ENCAE OKVBGN

Vdn P~lebwdn| daw wv|b}nf vk ln aw agg~|avn aof gkhpenvn aw pkwwblen

bo vdn g|navbko km vdbw |npk|v% okvsbvdwvaofboc vdn magv vdav dn fknw

okv sa||aov k| |np|nwnov av aor vbhn vdav vdn gkovnovw sbvdbo a|n

agg~|avn f~n vk vdn |apbfer gdaocboc oav~|n km vdn Bovn|onv/

Sdben aee avvnhpvw da}n lnno hafn vk }n|bmr bomk|havbko p|k}bfnf bo

vdbw p~lebgavbko% vdn P~lebwdn| aww~hnw ok |nwpkowblbebvr mk| n||k|w%

khbwwbkow% k| gkov|a|r bovn|p|nvavbko km vdn w~lingv havvn| dn|nbo/

Aor pn|gnb}nf webcdvw km wpngbmbg pn|wkow% pnkpenw% k| k|caobyavbkow

a|n ~obovnovbkoae/

Bo p|agvbgae af}bgn lkkjw% ebjn aorvdboc newn bo ebmn% vdn|n a|n ok

c~a|aovnnw km bogkhn hafn/ \nafn|w a|n ga~vbkonf vk |nper ko vdnb|

kso i~fchnov alk~v vdnb| bofb}bf~ae gb|g~hwvaognw vk agvaggk|fbocer/

Vdbw lkkj bw okv bovnofnf mk| ~wn aw a wk~|gn km encae% l~wbonww%

aggk~ovboc k| mboaogbae af}bgn/ Aee |nafn|w a|n af}bwnf vk wnnj wn|}bgnw

km gkhpnvnov p|kmnwwbkoaew bo encae% l~wbonww% aggk~ovboc aof mboaogn

mbnefw/

Rk~ a|n nogk~|acnf vk p|bov vdbw lkkj mk| nawr |nafboc/


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Mk|nsk|f

Haor wgbnovbmbg ntpn|vw sbee vnee rk~ vdav sn i~wv fko#v da}n vdn pksn|

vk |nhnhln| magvw% bhacnw k| n}novw pn|mngver aw vdk~cd sn daf a

pdkvkc|apdbg hnhk|r/ \nc|nvvaler% aevdk~cd bofb}bf~aew hbcdv war

vdav vdnr fk da}n a pdkvkc|apdbg hnhk|r: vdbw peaboer bwov v|~n% aw bv

fknwo#v ntbwv/

Dksn}n| fko#v sk||r aw vd|k~cd vdbw lkkj sn#ee wdks rk~ vdn wvnpw

vdav rk~ a|n alen vk vajn vk dnep lnvvn| rk~| hnhk|r/ Aw a havvn| km

magv% sbvd a ebvven vbhn aof h~gd p|agvbgn% haor bofb}bf~aew a|n alen vk

cabo vdn hbcdv vk hnhk|byn sdav wnnhw vk ln ao bogkognb}alen

ahk~ov km fava aof bomk|havbko/

N}no bm rk~ wbhper sbwd vk |nhnhln| sdn|n rk~ |naeer enmv rk~| jnrw

m|kh vdn obcdv lnmk|n% vdno vdbw lkkj k~cdv vk dnep rk~/

Hkokebvdbg Hnhk|r

Aee Alk~v Hnhk|r Bhp|k}nhnov Mk| A Lnvvn| Ebmn


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Gdapvn| 19Vdn Lawbgw Ko Hnhk|r

Wrokpwbw

Rk~ ~ofn|wvaof vdav bo k|fn| vk bog|nawn h~wg~ea| wv|nocvd rk~ da}n

vk ntn|gbwn% snee vdn wahn cknw mk| |naeer bog|nawboc rk~| pksn| vk

|ngaee vdbocw/ Rk~| hbof onnfw ntn|gbwn% aewk/ Wk rk~| fbnv onnfw vk ln

ckkf% aof rk~ da}n vk ekkj av vajboc ~p h~gd mbvvn| dalbvw/

\nc|nvvaler% lnga~wn k~| l|abow a|n wk gkhpent% vdnr onnf a ekv km

sk|j bo k|fn| vk cnv vdnh bo vdn lnwv wdapn gkognb}alen/ Vdn|n a|n a

o~hln| km vdbocw vdav rk~ a|n alen vk ekkj av fkboc sdbgd sbee dnep

rk~ lnvvn| vdn gapagbvr km vdn |nv|bn}ae hngdaobwh bo rk~| hbof/ L~v

mb|wv% env ~w da}n a ekkj av dks bv bw sn |ngaee vdbocw/


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Vdn Sk|jbocw

Vk p~v bv bo nawr vn|hw% k~| hnhk|r bw vdn agvbko ga||bnf k~v bo k~|

hbof vk |nhnhln| bomk|havbko vdav sn da}n cabonf vd|k~cd

ntpn|bnognw bo k~| eb}nw/ L~v% bv bw a gkhpent p|kgnf~|n sdbgd bo}ke}nw

awwk|vnf pa|vw km vdn hbof% aof wn|}nw ~w aee bo }n|r awwk|vnf sarw/ Bv

har nbvdn| ln wdk|v vn|h k| ekoc vn|h/

Sbvd wdk|v vn|h hnhk|r% rk~#ee fbwgk}n| vdav rk~| l|abo bw alen vk

wvk|n gn|vabo pbngnw km bomk|havbko mk| koer a gk~pen km wngkofw k|

hbo~vnw/

\nc|nvvaler% vdn bww~n sbvd vdbw hnhk|r bw vdav bv#w |naeer m|acben% aof bm

bv sn|n vk |nvabo aee vdn fava bv |ngnb}nw% rk~| hbof sk~ef wkko ln

vneeboc rk~ vdav bv daw ok hk|n leaoj wpagn/

Pe~w% nagd bofb}bf~aew wdk|v vn|h hnhk|r bw koer hnaov vk dkef

a|k~of wn}no bvnhw av aor kon vbhn% aof vdbw bw sdr% sdben rk~ hbcdv

ln alen vk |ngaee a ons pdkon o~hln| mk| a gk~pen km hbo~vnw% rk~#ee

m|nq~nover mbof vdav sdno rk~#|n ckboc vk p~|gdawn wkhnvdboc koebon

sbvd rk~| gda|cn ga|f% rk~ onnf bv lnwbfn rk~% lnga~wn bv |naeer daw

hk|n vdao 3 bvnhw ko bv/

Ekoc vn|h hnhk|r bw aee vk fk sbvd vdn fava vdav rk~#|n hajboc ao

nmmk|v vk |nvabo% lkvd gkowgbk~wer aof ~ogkowgbk~wer/ Vdbw bw lnga~wn

vdn fava hbcdv ln pa|vbg~ea|er pn|wkoae aof hnaobocm~e vk rk~% k| bv#w

lnga~wn bv#w wkhnvdboc vdav rk~ |nq~b|n bo k|fn| vk mbobwd a vawj k| vk

vajn wkhn vnwvw/


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Aee vdn wahn% vdn|n#w wkhn fava vdav rk~ |nvabo bo rk~| ekoc vn|h

hnhk|r sdbgd sbee onnf rk~ vk hajn a gkowgbk~w nmmk|v bo k|fn| vk

|nhnhln| bv% ebjn a pn|wkoae hnhk|r sdbgd |neavnw vk a pa|vbg~ea|

ntpn|bnogn k| vbhn bo rk~| ebmn% jokso aw npbwkfbg hnhk|r% k| bvhbcdv ln wkhn magv~ae fava vdav rk~ onnf vk |nhnhln|% aof vdbw bw

jokso aw wnhaovbg hnhk|r/

Vdn kvdn| wk|v km ekoc vn|h hnhk|r vdav sn aee da}n bw jokso aw

p|kgnf~|ae hnhk|r% aof vdbw bw sdn|n rk~| hnhk|r sbee |nhnhln|

wjbeew k| |k~vbonw vdav rk~ ~vbebyn wk vdav rk~ fko#v da}n vk gkowgbk~wer

|ngaee vdnh/

Vdn|n a|n pa|vbg~ea| pa|vw km vdn hbof sdbgd a|n pa|vbg~ea|er g|~gbae

bo |neavbko vk okv koer vdn fava% l~v aewk vdn |nvnovbko km hnhk|bnw%

aof vdnwn a|n aw wdkso lneks/

Dbppkgahp~w Vdbw bw mk~of fnnp bo vdn d~hao hbof% aof pearw vdn

ea|cnwv |ken bo vdn hbof p|kgnwwboc fava aw hnhk|r/

Ahrcfaea Vdbw bw ao aehkof wdapnf pbngn km vdn hbof sdbgd bw

mk~of gekwn vk vdn dbppkgahp~w aof p|kgnwwnw ao bofb}bf~ae#w

nhkvbkow/ Vdbw gn|vabo a|na dnepw vk bhp|bov hnhk|bnw bovk vdn hbof

sdbgd ammngv nhkvbkow/

Gn|nl|ae Gk|vnt Vdbw bw vdn k~vn| earn| km vdn d~hao hbof% aof bw

sdn|n h~gd ekoc vn|h hnhk|r bw wvk|nf bo awwk|vnf fbmmn|nov wngvk|w/

Bv sbee aee fnpnof ~pko sdn|n gn|vabo hnhk|bnw a|n wvk|nf% aw vk sdav

p|kgnf~|n vdn fava bo}ke}nw/ Wk eaoc~acn sbee ln wvk|nf bo kon wngvk|%


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wnowk|r bop~v bovk a fbmmn|nov% bww~n wke}boc bovk rnv a fbmmn|nov wngvk|

aof wk mk|vd/

Aw snee aw vdn alk}n% vdn hnhk|r ebjnsbwn bo}ke}nw gkhh~obgavbko

dappnoboc lnvsnno vdn l|abow awwk|vnf onvsk|j km on~|kow aof gneew

$hbeebkow km sdbgd a|n wnv kmm lr gdnhbgaew bo vdn hbof jokso aw

on~|kv|aowhbvvn|w"/


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Gdapvn|


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Lawbg Bhp|k}nhnov

Lneks sn#ee }bns wkhn awwk|vnf sarw bo sdbgd rk~ a|n alen vk dnep vkbhp|k}n rk~| hnhk|r/

1/ Gkowvaover Par Avvnovbko

Bm rk~ fko#v par nok~cd avvnovbko vk wkhnvdboc vdav rk~ sbwd vk ena|o

alk~v% vdno rk~| hbof fknwo#v da}n vdn gdaogn vk nogkfn vdn fava aof

vdno wvk|n bv asar mk| m~v~|n pkbov km |nmn|nogn/ Bv vajnw app|ktbhavner

4 wngkofw km wkhnlkfr bovnover gnovn|boc ko a gn|vabo pbngn km fava bo

k|fn| mk| bv vk ln p|kgnwwnf vd|k~cd vdnb| dbppkgahp~w aof vdno bo vk

vdn w~bvalen wngvbko km vdnb| hnhk|r gnovn|/ Wk bv#w g|~gbae vdav rk~

gnovn| ko kon vdboc koer av a vbhn% aof v|r okv vk h~evb(vawj/ Bm rk~#|n

ebjn wkhn bofb}bf~aew% aof fbwgk}n| vdav rk~ lngkhn fbwv|agvnf |naeer

nawber% vdno wna|gd k~v a q~bnv gk|on| sdn|n rk~ joks rk~ sbee okv ln

fbw|~pvnf/


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7/ Cnv aee rk~| wnownw ammngvnf

Fkov wbhper |ner ko rk~| nrnw% n}no bm rk~#|n wkhnlkfr sdk ena|ow

aof |nhnhln|w havvn|w }bw~aeer/ Sdr okv |naf aek~f sdav rk~ da}nvk hnhk|byn% aof avvnhpv aof |ngbvn bv vk rk~|wnem |drvdhbgaeer; Rk~

sbee ln ahaynf av dks h~gd lnvvn| rk~| hnhk|r cnvw/ Ebjnsbwn v|r

aof |neavn vdn fava vdav rk~#|n v|rboc vk hnhk|byn vk gkek|w% vntv~|nw%

whneew aw snee aw vawvnw/ A ekv km bofb}bf~aew da}n fbwgk}n|nf vdav lr

|naeer pdrwbgaeer |ns|bvboc vdn fava vdav vdnr da}n vk bhp|bov ko vk

vdnb| l|abo dnepw vdnh/

6/ Awwkgbavn vdn fava vk ln cabonf vk wkhnvdboc rk~ ae|nafr joks

alk~v/

Sdno gkeengvboc aor m|nwd fava% awwkgbavn bv vk fava vdav rk~ ae|nafr

da}n wvk|nf bo rk~| hnhk|r aof sdbgd rk~#|n alen vk |ngaee/

>/ K|caobyn vdn fava

Bm rk~ da}n vk% s|bvn havvn|w fkso bo nbvdn| ao aff|nww lkkj k| fba|r%

k| ko a gaenofa|/ Bm rk~#|n fnaeboc sbvd h~gd hk|n gkhpent havn|bae

k| fava% vdno vajn okvnw aof vdno |nc|k~p vdnwn okvnw bo vk pa|vbg~ea|

gavnck|bnw eavn| ko kogn rk~ da}n vbhn/ Bm rk~ da}n vk% ~vbebyn lkvd

sk|fw aof pbgv~|nw vk dnep rk~ ena|o vdn fava vdav rk~ saov vk |nvabo

bo rk~| hnhk|r/

=/ Ena|o vk gkhp|ndnof aof v|aoweavn gkhpent havn|bae

Sdno rk~#|n avvnhpvboc vk ena|o hk|n gkhpent havn|bae k| w~lingvw%

vdno gnovn| ko wbhper ~ofn|wvaofboc vdn lawbg bfnaw km vdn havvn|


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bowvnaf km hnhk|byboc koer bwkeavnf pa|vw km bv/ Gkowbfn| lnboc alen vk

ntpeabo vk wkhnlkfr newn bo rk~| kso sk|fw alk~v vdn w~lingv k|

havvn|/

3/ \ndna|wn vdn fava vdav rk~#}n |ngnb}nf

Bvw g|~gbae vdav rk~ |n}bns n}n|rvdboc rk~#}n ena|onf n}n|r far ko vdn

wahn far% aof vdno |n}bns bv n}n|r oks aof vdno/ Ebjnsbwn% bm rk~ a|n

alen vk% k}n| ena|o alk~v a gn|vabo w~lingv k| havvn|% aw rk~#ee

m|nq~nover mbof vdav rk~ a|n alen vk lncbo vk |ngaee vdn fava aw bm bv saw

wngkof oav~|n vk rk~/

4/ Ln pkwbvb}n aof |nhabo hkvb}avnf

Bvw g|~gbae vdav rk~ jnnp vneeboc rk~|wnem vdav rk~ sbwd vk ena|o vdn

havvn|w vdav rk~ da}n vk |nhnhln|/ Ebjnsbwn |nhbof rk~|wnem vdav

rk~ a|n alen vk ena|o alk~v havvn|w aof vdno |nhnhln| vdnh/ Bm rk~

|naeer vnee rk~|wnem vdav rk~| hnhk|r bw laf% vdno vdbw sbee |naeer

dahpn| okv koer rk~% l~v aewk rk~| l|abo bo lnboc alen vk |nhnhln|

havvn|w/

Dksn}n| lr lnboc pkwbvb}n% rk~#|n |naeer dnepboc rk~|wnem lnvvn| rk~|

hnhk|r/


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Gdapvn| 79Eb}n Fbmmn|nover Vk Lnvvn| Hnhk|r

Wrokpwbw

Lr v|navboc rk~| lkfr snee% rk~ k~cdv vk ln alen vk nodaogn rk~|

albebvbnw av lnboc alen vk p|kgnww aof |nhnhln| fava/

Dn|n% sn sbee da}n a ekkj av a mns fbmmn|nov dnaevdr dalbvw rk~ har

bovnc|avn bo vk vdn ebmn rk~ enaf av vdn p|nwnov vbhn bo k|fn| vk awwbwvrk~| hnhk|r/


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Eb}n Lnvvn|

1/ Pdrwbgae ntn|vbko

\nc~ea| pdrwbgae ntn|vbko dnepw vk bog|nawn vdn meks km ktrcno vk vdn

l|abo/ Vdbw% bo v~|o% l|bocw fkso vdn |bwj mk| rk~ w~mmn|boc m|kh

v|k~lenw sdbgd har enaf vk hnhk|r ekww% ebjn ga|fbk}awg~ea| fbwnawnw

k| fbalnvnw/

Ebjnsbwn% bv dnepw vk lnvvn| vdn nmmngvw vdav vdn dnepm~e l|abo gdnhbgaew

da}n% aw snee aw p|kvngvboc vdkwn l|abo gneew rk~ ae|nafr lna|/


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dk~|w nagd obcdv% vdno f~|boc vdn far% rk~#ee ln mnneboc vb|nf aof sbee

mbof bv |naeer da|f vk gkognov|avn/

6/ Fko#v whkjn

Aorlkfr sdk whkjnw bw av a c|navn| |bwj km w~mmn|boc m|kh a }awg~ea|

fbwk|fn|% sdbgd bo v~|o har |nw~ev bo vdnh da}boc a wv|kjn% k| vdnb|

a|vn|bnw lngkhn gkhp|nwwnf% aof wk vdn fneb}n|r km ktrcno vk vdn

l|abo bw fng|nawnf/

>/ Lnvvn| rk~| fbnv

A|nov sn aee lnboc vkef vdnwn farw vdav a c|nav fbnv bw kon sdbgd

gkovabow m|~bv% }nccbnw aw snee aw sdken c|abow aof bovneebcnov mavw; Okv

koer har a c|nav fbnv w~pper k~| lkfr sbvd penovr km dnaevd lnonmbvw% bv

har ebjnsbwn awwbwv vk lnvvn| ao bofb}bf~aew hnhk|r/

\nwna|gd ntng~vnf bw bofbgavboc vdav pa|vbg~ea| o~v|bnovw sbee awwbwv vk

okv koer o~|v~|n% l~v ebjnsbwn a|k~wn vdn m~ogvbkow km vdn l|abo/

a/ ]bvahbo L=% L1< aof Mkebg Agbf

Vdnwn awwbwv vk p|kvngv vdn l|abow on~|kow lr l|najboc fksodkhkgrwvnbon% sdbgd bw ao ahbok agbf aof sdbgd bw vktbg vk vdn on|}n

gneew/ Dksn}n| vdnr ebjnsbwn awwbwv vk hajn |nf lekkf gneew vdav k~|

lkfbnw onnf bo k|fn| vk ga||r ktrcno a|k~of bv% boge~fboc vk vdn l|abo/


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Vdn hkwv lnonmbgbae peagnw vk cnv a ckkf wk~|gn km ]bvahbow L m|kh

a|n bo wpboagd peaov% aw snee aw affbvbkoae wk|vw km fa|j c|nno enamnf

}nccbnw% l|kggkeb% awpa|ac~w% wv|asln||bnw% hnekow aw snee aw leagj

lnaow aof affbvbkoae wk|vw km enc~hnw/ Ebjnsbwn% rk~ k~cdv vkbog|nawn rk~| bovajn km m|~bv aof wkrlnaow/

l/ Aovbktbfaovw

Wpngbmbgaeer% sn#|n ekkjboc av ]bvahbow G aof N% aekoc sbvd Lnva

Ga|kvnon/ Vdnr awwbwv bo mbcdvboc aor m|nn |afbgaew bo vdn lkfr% sdbgd

a|n hkeng~enw vdav a|n mk|hnf kogn ktrcno bw alen vk bovn|agv sbvd

pa|vbg~ea| hkeng~enw bo vdn lkfr/ Vdnr#|n dbcder |nagvb}n% aof har

ga~wn fahacn vk vdn lkfrw gneew/ Dksn}n| aovbktbfaovw a|n alen vk

bovn|agv sbvd vdnwn wamner% aof wk a|n alen vk gk~ovn|agv vdnh/ Vdnwn

aovbktbfaovw har awwbwv vk lnvvn| vdn meks km ktrcno vd|k~cd aof

vd|k~cd k~| lkfbnw aof vk vdn l|abo/

Vdn hkwv lnonmbgbae peagnw vk mbof vdnwn gn|vabo aovbktbfaovw bo a|n

le~nln||bnw% aof aee kvdn| vrpnw km ln||bnw% aekoc sbvd wsnnv pkvavknw%

|nf vkhavknw% wpboagd peaov aw snee aw l|kggkeb aof c|nno vna% o~vw

aof wnnfw/ Aewk% gbv|~w m|~bvw aof eb}n| a|n a ckkf wk~|gn mk| cnvvboc

aovbktbfaovw aewk/

g/ Mavvr Agbfw Khnca 7

Vdnwn a|n gkofnownf bo vdn l|abo aof a|n ammbebavnf sbvd a pn|wkow

gkcobvb}n m~ogvbkow/ Vdnwn gk~ov aw wk~of mavw bo a pn|wkow fbnv%


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~oebjn vdkwn sdbgd a|n okv% ebjn wav~|avnf aof v|aow mavw/ Vdnr dnep vk

p|kvngv ao bofb}bf~ae acabowv bomeahhavbko% aw snee aw da}boc ao

~ppn|(en}ne km gdkenwvn|ke bo vdnb| lkfr/

Vdn hkwv lnonmbgbae peagnw vk cnv Khnca 7 mavvr agbfw bw lr gkow~hboc

gkef savn| mbwd% ebjn waehko% dn||boc% v~oa% hagjn|ne k| daebl~v/

Ebjnsbwn% saeo~vw% saeo~v kbe% meatwnnf aof bvw kbe a|n a c|nav wk~|gn km

Khnca 7 mavvr agbfw/

Pe~w% aw sn cnv kefn|% sn#|n hk|n ebjner vk w~mmn| m|kh a fnmbgbnogr km

lkvd ]bvahbo L1< aof Mkebg Agbf% aof wk bv#w g|~gbae vdav kefn|

bofb}bf~aew ~vbebyn a w~ppenhnov vk gk~ovn|agv w~gd fnmbgbnogbnw/ Bm

rk~#|n wkhnlkfr sdk bw okv pa|vbg~ea|er jnno ko mbwd% vdno ebjnsbwn

afhbv ao Khnca 7 w~ppenhnov aw pa|v km rk~| m|nwd fbnv |ncbhn/

L~v% ok o~v|bnov sbee sk|j nmmngvb}ner sbvdk~v ~w navboc vdn |bcdv wk|vw

km mkkfw aewk/ Vdn|nmk|n% bv#w g|~gbae vdav aw pa|v km rk~| dnaevdr fbnv

|ncbhn% rk~ wnn vk bv vdav rk~ gkow~hn penovr km gkek|m~e peaov mkkfw

aof wnengv vdkwn mavw sdbgd har awwbwv vk jnnp rk~| a|vn|bnw gena|/ Bo

vdn ekoc |~o% okv koer rk~| lkfr% l~v rk~| hbof sbee ln vdaojboc rk~

mk| vdn aevn|avbkow vdav rk~#}n hafn/


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Gdapvn| 69Awwkgbavbko Vngdobq~n

Wrokpwbw

K~| hnhk|r sk|jw lr |ngaeeboc havvn|w vd|k~cd ammbebavbko/ Sdav vdbw

hnaow bw vdav nagd pbngn km fava sn da}n bo k~| hnhk|r bw gkoongvnf

vk a fbmmn|nov pbngn bo kon sar k| aokvdn|/


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Rk~| Hnhk|r

Bm rk~ sn|n cb}no vdn sk|f% w~ppkwn% appen% aof vdno rk~ hbcdv fk

wkhnvdboc ebjn vdbw bo k|fn| vk |ngaee sdav ao appen bw9 |nf% |k~of%wsnnv% fkgvk|% v|nn aof m|~bv/

Sdbgd aw rk~ a|n alen vk wnn bw sdn|n w~gd havvn|w aw ao appen a far

jnnpw vdn fkgvk| asar hbcdv ln a warboc vdav bofb}bf~aew |nc~ea|er

~vbebyn bo k|fn| vk |ngaee vdav navboc c|nav dnaevdr mkkfw% ebjn m|~bv% sbee

jnnp vdnh m|kh cnvvboc bee/

Ebjnsbwn% bm rk~ sn|n awjnf lr a mns sdav vdn 3vd envvn| km vdn

aepdalnv saw% vdno vdn gdaognw a|n rk~#f wva|v kmm lr wvavboc vk

rk~|wnem a% l% g% f% n% m% c aof vdno aek~f rk~#f war C/

F~|boc vdbw rk~}n lnno ~vbebyboc ammbebavbko% aw rk~ joks vdav vdn mb|wv

envvn| km vdn aepdalnv bw A aof rk~#}n jnpv ko ckboc vd|k~cd vdnh vbee

rk~#}n nofnf ~p sbvd vdn envvn| vdav rk~ sn|n wnnjboc/

Sdben haor bofb}bf~aew vdboj vdav vdnr#}n a laf hnhk|r% |naeer% vdnr

fkov/ Aw a havvn| km magv% hkwv km ~w da}n v|~er ckkf hnhk|bnw: bvw

i~wv vdav sn#|n okv snee p|agvbgnf bo ~vbebyboc vdnh vk vdnb| m~ee

nmmngvb}nonww/ Rnv% bm vdbw bw v|~n% vdno sdr fk a mns bofb}bf~aew mbof bvwk c|~neboc vk |ngaee gn|vabo ammab|w;

Aw p|n}bk~wer hnovbkonf% k~| hnhk|r sk|jw ~vbebyboc ammbebavbko/ Bm

vdn|n#w ok kl}bk~w ammbebavbko lnvsnno pa|vbg~ea| havvn|w% vdno bv


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(


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( =23=2 3


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( / Wpneeboc

Aesarw vajn vdn 1wv envvn| k| wreealenw bo k|fn| vk mk|h a m|nwd sk|f

sdbgd wpneew k~v vdn fava vdav rk~ sbwd vk |ngaee/

Wk bm rk~#|n ekkjboc vk |ngaee vdn mb}n c|nav eajnw mk| a cnkc|apdr vnwv%

vdno rk~ har war D/K/H/N/W/% sdbgd vdno vneew rk~ vdav vdnr#|n

D~|ko% Kova|bk% Hbgdbcao% N|bn aof W~pn|bk|/

=/ Oa||avb}n

Vdbw bw a c|nav bhacboavb}n p|kgnf~|n% aw bv dnepw rk~ vk p|kf~gn a

wnovnogn% wvk|r% ga|vkko k| }bw~ae pbgv~|n bo rk~| l|abo bo k|fn| mk|

rk~ vk |ngaee wkhn }bvae fava/

3/ Hap

^vbebyboc wv|~gv~|n dnepw vk l|boc alk~v a fbac|ahhavbg

|np|nwnovavbko km vdn |neavbkowdbp fbwgk}n|nf lnvsnno haik| bfnaw%

w~l geawwnw aof aee vdn w~ppk|vboc fnvabe aof fava vdav rk~ da}n vk

|ngaee/


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( (

4/ A||aocnhnov

P~v ~obvw km fava vdav rk~ onnf vk |ngaee bo vn|hw km vdnb| ekgavbko k| bogd|kokekcbgae k|fn|/

2/ Ckboc vd|k~cd

^vbebyboc vdbw fn}bgn% rk~#ee nbvdn| agv k~v% k| ck vd|k~cd vdn hkvbkow

bo k|fn| vk cnv a mnne mk| ao bfna/

S|bvn ~p vdn sk|f k| fava vdav rk~ onnf vk |nv|bn}n% aof vdno%

~vbebyboc rk~| bofnt mbocn|% ck k}n| aof v|agn vdn wdapn km vdn sk|f

aof wnn bv bo rk~| l|abo/


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S|appboc ^p

Vdn|n daw lnno a ekv km ckkf bomk p|k}bfnf dn|n//// L~v wbhper lnga~wn

rk~#}n |naf vdbw lkkj fknwov hnao rk~| hnhk|r bw hb|ag~ek~wer

gdaocnf/ Rk~ da}n vk vajn vdn wvnpw/

Hnhk|r bw a g|~gbae pa|v km ebmn wk bw parboc avvnovbko vk dks vk

lnvvn| bv aof dkpnm~eer vdbw lkkj daw cb}no rk~ a mns }ae~alen bfnaw/

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