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NODE
LIGULE
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
ZEA
SHEATH
STEM
LAMINA
S
NODE
LIGULE
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
ZEA
SHEATH
STEM
LAMINA
S
SHEATH
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
SHEATH
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
SHEATH
ENCIRCLES STEM
NODE
LIGULE
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
ZEA
SHEATH
STEM
LAMINA
L
NODE
LIGULE
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
ZEA
SHEATH
STEM
LAMINA
L
LIGULE
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
LIGULE
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
LIGULE
JUNCTION POINT
BETWEEN
SHEATH & LAMINA
LAMINA
STEM
SHEATH
NODE
LIGULE
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
ZEA
^
MONOCOT LEAF
ANATOMY
Z
ZEA
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
BULLIFORM
CELLS
MESOPHYLL
PHLOEM
CUTICLE
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
VASCULAR
VEIN
C.S.
BUNDLE-SHEATH
FBUNDLE SHEATH
WITH
SHEATH
EXTENTIONS
STOMATE
PRESENT
ZEA
C
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
CUTICLE
BULLIFORM
CELLS
MESOPHYLL
PHLOEM
CUTICLE
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
VASCULAR
VEIN
C.S.
BUNDLE-SHEATH
FBUNDLE SHEATH
WITH
SHEATH
EXTENTIONS
STOMATE
PRESENT
ZEA
A
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
BULLIFORM
CELLS
MESOPHYLL
PHLOEM
CUTICLE
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
VASCULAR
VEIN
C.S.
BUNDLE-SHEATH
FBUNDLE SHEATH
WITH
SHEATH
EXTENTIONS
STOMATE
PRESENT
CUTICLE
ZEA
S
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
BULLIFORM
CELLS
MESOPHYLL
PHLOEM
CUTICLE
STOMATES
PRESENT
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
VASCULAR
VEIN
C.S.
BUNDLE-SHEATH
FBUNDLE SHEATH
WITH
SHEATH
EXTENTIONS
STOMATE
PRESENT
CUTICLE
ZEA
?
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
CUTICLE
BULLIFORM
CELLS
MESOPHYLL
PHLOEM
CUTICLE
STOMATES
PRESENT
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
VASCULAR
VEIN
C.S.
BUNDLE-SHEATH
FBUNDLE SHEATH
WITH
SHEATH
EXTENTIONS
STOMATE
PRESENT
?
ZEA
B
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
CUTICLE
BULLIFORM
CELLS
PHLOEM
CUTICLE
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
VASCULAR
VEIN
C.S.
BUNDLE-SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENT
FBUNDLE SHEATH
WITH
SHEATH
EXTENTIONS
STOMATE
PRESENT
ZEA
B
BULLIFORM CELLS
MONOCOT LEAF ANATOMY
BULLIFORM CELLS
MONOCOT LEAF ANATOMY
BULLIFORM CELLS
EPIDERMIS CELLS
+
MONOCOT LEAF ANATOMY
BULLIFORM CELLS
MONOCOT LEAF ANATOMY
BULLIFORM CELLS
EPIDERMIS CELLS
---
CONTRACT WITH WATER LOSS
+
MONOCOT LEAF ANATOMY
BULLIFORM CELLS
MONOCOT LEAF ANATOMY
BULLIFORM CELLS
EPIDERMIS CELLS
---
CONTRACT WITH WATER LOSS
---
REDUCE LEAF SURFACE AREA
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
CUTICLE
BULLIFORM
CELLS
MESOPHYLL
PHLOEM
CUTICLE
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
VASCULAR
VEIN
C.S.
BUNDLE-SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENT
FBUNDLE SHEATH
WITH
SHEATH
EXTENTIONS
STOMATE
PRESENT
ZEA
M
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
CUTICLE
BULLIFORM
CELLS
MESOPHYLL
PHLOEM
CUTICLE
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
VASCULAR
VEIN
C.S.
BUNDLE-SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENT
FBUNDLE SHEATH
WITH
SHEATH
EXTENTIONS
STOMATE
PRESENT
ZEA
P
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
CUTICLE
BULLIFORM
CELLS
PALISADE
ABSENT
PHLOEM
CUTICLE
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
VASCULAR
VEIN
C.S.
BUNDLE-SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENT
FBUNDLE SHEATH
WITH
SHEATH
EXTENTIONS
STOMATE
PRESENT
ZEA
V
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
CUTICLE
BULLIFORM
CELLS
PHLOEM
CUTICLE
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
PALISADE
ABSENT
C.S.
STOMATES
PRESENT
FBUNDLE SHEATH
WITH
SHEATH
EXTENTIONS
STOMATE
PRESENT
ZEA
B
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
CUTICLE
BULLIFORM
CELLS
PHLOEM
CUTICLE
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
BUNDLE SHEATH
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
PALISADE
ABSENT
C.S.
STOMATES
PRESENT
FBUNDLE SHEATH
WITH
SHEATH
EXTENTIONS
STOMATE
PRESENT
ZEA
B
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
CUTICLE
BULLIFORM
CELLS
CUTICLE
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
BUNDLE SHEATH
WITH
SHEATH
EXTENSIONS
PALISADE
ABSENT
C.S.
VASCULAR
BUNDLE BUNDLE SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENT
STOMATE
PRESENT
ZEA
X
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
CUTICLE
BULLIFORM
CELLS
XYLEM
CUTICLE
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
PALISADE
ABSENT
C.S.
VASCULAR
BUNDLE BUNDLE SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENT
STOMATE
PRESENT BUNDLE SHEATH
WITH
SHEATH
EXTENSIONS
ZEA
P
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
CUTICLE
BULLIFORM
CELLS
PHLOEM
CUTICLE
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
PALISADE
ABSENT
C.S.
VASCULAR
BUNDLE BUNDLE SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENT
STOMATE
PRESENT BUNDLE SHEATH
WITH
SHEATH
EXTENSIONS
ZEA
A
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
CUTICLE
BULLIFORM
CELLS
PHLOEM
CUTICLE
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
PALISADE
ABSENT
C.S.
VASCULAR
BUNDLE BUNDLE SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENT
STOMATE
PRESENT BUNDLE SHEATH
WITH
SHEATH
EXTENSIONS
ZEA
S
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
CUTICLE
BULLIFORM
CELLS
PHLOEM
STOMATE
PRESENT
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
PALISADE
ABSENT
C.S.
VASCULAR
BUNDLE BUNDLE SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENT
BUNDLE SHEATH
WITH
SHEATH
EXTENSIONS
ZEA
C
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
CUTICLE
BULLIFORM
CELLS
PHLOEM
CUTICLE
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
PALISADE
ABSENT
C.S.
VASCULAR
BUNDLE BUNDLE SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENT
STOMATE
PRESENT BUNDLE SHEATH
WITH
SHEATH
EXTENSIONS
ZEA
^
MONOCOT LEAF
ANATOMY
SUMMARY
?
C.S.MONOCOT LEAF
ADAXIAL
STOMATES
ADAXIAL
STOMATES
ABAXIAL
STOMATES
? ?
?
A
MONOCOT LEAF C.S.
ADAXIAL
STOMATES
ADAXIAL
STOMATES
ABAXIAL
STOMATES
?
MONOCOT LEAF C.S.
BUNDLE-SHEATH
EXTENSIONS
BUNDLE-SHEATH
EXTENSIONS
?
?
B
MONOCOT LEAF C.S.
BUNDLE SHEATH
EXTENSIONS
BUNDLE SHEATH
EXTENSIONS
?
MONOCOT LEAF C.S.
BULLIFORM
CELLS?
B
MONOCOT LEAF
C.S.
BULLIFORM
CELLS
^
C.S.
MONOCOT LEAF
MEIOSIS
GAMETOCYTES 1N
MITOSIS
GAMETE
SPERM
1N
GAMETE
EGG
1N
MITOSIS
MITOSIS
SYNGAMY
SPORES 1N
ZYGOTE 2N
SPOROCYTES 2N
SPOROPHYTE
2N PHASE
MULTICELLULAR
SPORE PRODUCING PHASE
2N PHASE
MULTICELLULAR
SPORE PRODUCING PHASE
GAMETOPHYTE
1N PHASE
MULTICELLULAR
GAMETE PRODUCING PHASE
SPOROPHYTE
2N PHASE
MULTICELLULAR
SPORE PRODUCING PHASE
GAMETOPHYTE
HAPLOID (1N)
MULTICELLULAR
GAMETOPHYTE
SPOROPHYTE
2N PHASE
MULTICELLULAR
SPORE PRODUCING PHASE
MAGNOLIOPHYTA
LIFE CYCLE
^
GAMETOPHYTE
CHARACTERS
>
ANGIOSPERM
GAMETOPHYTE
CONTINUED
REDUCTION
^
MICROGAMETOPHYTE
MICROGAMETOPHYTE
ANGIOSPERM
L.S.
=
POLLEN GRAIN
ANGIOSPERM
L.S.
2
2 CELLS
ANGIOSPERM
L.S. POLLEN GRAIN
T
TUBE CELL
POLLEN GRAIN
ANGIOSPERM
L.S.
G
TUBE CELL
GENERATIVE CELL
POLLEN GRAIN
ANGIOSPERM
L.S.
>
TUBE CELL
GENERATIVE CELL
PROTHALLIAL CELLS: ABSENT
ANGIOSPERM
GENERATIVE CELL
TUBE CELL
2 PROTHALLIAL CELLS
POLLEN GRAIN
GYMNOSPERM
PINUS
S
TUBE CELL
GENERATIVE CELL
ANGIOSPERM
POLLEN GRAINL.S.
^
MEGAGAMETOPHYTE
^
SYNONYM
=
MEGAGAMETOPHYTE
SYNONYMOUS
EMBRYO SAC
^
EMBRYO SAC
ANGIOSPERM
EMBRYO SAC
NUMEROUS
TYPES
P
POLYGONUM
+
POLYGONUM
TYPE
EMBRYO SAC
STANDARD
EXAMPLE
^
POLYGONUM
EMBRYO SAC
+
EMBRYO SAC
POLYGONUM EMBRYO SAC
L.S.
OVULE
7
POLYGONUM EMBRYO SAC
L.S.
OVULE
EMBRYO SAC
7 CELLS
8 NUCLEI
C
EMBRYO SAC
CHALAZAL END
POLYGONUM EMBRYO SAC
L.S.
OVULE
A
EMBRYO SAC
CHALAZAL END
ANTIPODAL CELL
POLYGONUM EMBRYO SAC
L.S.
OVULE
C
EMBRYO SAC
CHALAZAL END
ANTIPODAL CELL
CENTRAL AREA
POLYGONUM EMBRYO SAC
L.S.
OVULE
C
EMBRYO SAC
CHALAZAL END
ANTIPODAL CELL
CENTRAL AREA
CENTRAL CELL
POLYGONUM EMBRYO SAC
L.S.
OVULE
P
EMBRYO SAC
CHALAZAL END
ANTIPODAL CELL
CENTRAL AREA
CENTRAL CELL
POLAR NUCLEI
POLYGONUM EMBRYO SAC
L.S.
OVULE
M
EMBRYO SAC
CHALAZAL END
ANTIPODAL CELL
CENTRAL AREA
CENTRAL CELL
POLAR NUCLEI
MICROPYLE END
POLYGONUM EMBRYO SAC
L.S.
OVULE
S
EMBRYO SAC
CHALAZAL END
ANTIPODAL CELL
CENTRAL AREA
CENTRAL CELL
POLAR NUCLEI
MICROPYLE END
SYNERGID CELL
POLYGONUM EMBRYO SAC
L.S.
OVULE
E
EMBRYO SAC
CHALAZAL END
ANTIPODAL CELL
CENTRAL AREA
CENTRAL CELL
POLAR NUCLEI
MICROPYLE END
SYNERGID CELL
EGG CELL
POLYGONUM EMBRYO SAC
L.S.
OVULE
>
MEGAGAMETOPHYTE
EMBRYO SAC
CHALAZAL END
ANTIPODAL CELL
CENTRAL AREA
CENTRAL CELL
POLAR NUCLEI
MICROPYLE END
SYNERGID CELL
EGG CELL
POLYGONUM EMBRYO SAC
L.S.
OVULE
ARCHEGONIA ABSENT
MEGAGAMETOPHYTE
MEIOSIS
GAMETOCYTES 1N
MITOSIS
GAMETE
SPERM
1N
GAMETE
EGG
1N
MITOSIS
MITOSIS
SYNGAMY
SPORES 1N
ZYGOTE 2N
SPOROCYTES 2N
SPOROPHYTE
2N PHASE
MULTICELLULAR
SPORE PRODUCING PHASE
2N PHASE
MULTICELLULAR
SPORE PRODUCING PHASE
GAMETOPHYTE
1N PHASE
MULTICELLULAR
GAMETE PRODUCING PHASE
SPOROPHYTE
2N PHASE
MULTICELLULAR
SPORE PRODUCING PHASE
GAMETOPHYTE
HAPLOID (1N)
MULTICELLULAR
GAMETOPHYTE
SPOROPHYTE
2N PHASE
MULTICELLULAR
SPORE PRODUCING PHASE
MAGNOLIOPHYTA
LIFE CYCLE
^
REPRODUCTION
^
FLOWER
F
FLOWER
ANGIOSPERM
FLOWER
ANGIOSPERM
FLOWER
AGGREGATE MODIFIED
REPRODUCTIVE LEAVES
^
FLOWER
MORPHOLOGY
ANGIOSPERM FLOWER
?
?
FLOWER
P
PEDICEL
FLOWER
?
? FLOWER
R
RECEPTACLE FLOWER
?
RECEPTACLE
?
FLOWER
S
RECEPTACLE
SEPAL
FLOWER
?
RECEPTACLE
SEPAL / ?
FLOWER
C
RECEPTACLE
SEPAL / CALYX
FLOWER
?
RECEPTACLE
SEPAL / CALYX ?
FLOWER
P
RECEPTACLE
SEPAL / CALYX PETAL
FLOWER
?
RECEPTACLE
SEPAL / CALYX PETAL / ?
FLOWER
C
RECEPTACLE
SEPAL / CALYX PETAL / COROLLA
FLOWER
?
RECEPTACLE
? ?
FLOWER
P
RECEPTACLE
PERIANTH PERIANTH
FLOWER
?
RECEPTACLE
PERIANTH PERIANTH
?
FLOWER
S
RECEPTACLE
PERIANTH PERIANTH
STAMEN
FLOWER
?
RECEPTACLE
PERIANTH PERIANTH
?
STAMEN
FLOWER
F
RECEPTACLE
PERIANTH PERIANTH
FILAMENT
STAMEN
FLOWER
?
RECEPTACLE
PERIANTH PERIANTH
FILAMENT
?
STAMEN
FLOWER
A
RECEPTACLE
PERIANTH PERIANTH
FILAMENT
ANTHER
STAMEN
FLOWER
?
