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By: Brenna Smith & Kelsey Buckley MONKEY SEE, MONKEY DO. A PRESENTATION ABOUT CHILDHOOD OBESITY AND A PARENT’S PREVENTATIVE ROLE

Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

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Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role. By: Brenna Smith & Kelsey Buckley. Objectives. Introduce and discuss the problem of childhood obesity. Discuss the emotional effects on children. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

By: Brenna Smith & Kelsey Buckley

MONKEY SEE, MONKEY DO.

A PRESENTATION ABOUT CHILDHOOD OBESITY AND A PARENT’S

PREVENTATIVE ROLE

Page 2: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Objectives• Introduce and discuss the problem of childhood obesity.•Discuss the emotional effects on children. •Describe short & long term health effects of childhood obesity.•Explain the parents or guardians role in the prevention of childhood obesity.

Page 3: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

“ Food habits, preferences, and behaviors established during the toddler and preschool

ages logically influence dietary habits later in life and subsequent health status.”-Nutrition Through the Life Cycle 1

Page 4: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Overweight and Obese Definitions 1

•Overweight is defined as the BMI-for-age between the 85th and 94th percentiles.

•Obesity is defined as the BMI-for-age >95th percentile.

•Children under 2 a weight-for-length >95th percentile is overweight.

Page 5: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

The Epidemic and the Statistics 1

•NHANES 2007-8 data, 10.4% of children (2-5 y.o.a) had BMI > 95th percentile.•Differences in ethnicity.•Hispanic M/F more likely to have higher BMI than non-Hispanic white

Page 6: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

The Epidemic and the Statistics•Approximately 17% (or 12.5 million) of children and adolescents aged 2—19 years are obese. 2

•70-80% chance of staying overweight or obese in adult life. 3

Page 7: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html

Page 8: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Percentage of high school student’s who were obese in state in 2003 2

Page 9: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Percentage of high school student’s who were obese in state in 2011 2

Page 10: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

The Factors Contributing to Obesity•High energy diets 1, 2

•Sugary beverages, less healthy food choices, excess snacking.•Limited accesses to healthy foods. Higher availability of high-energy-dense foods.• Increased portion sizes.•Lack of breastfeeding support.

Page 11: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

The Factors Contributing to Obesity•Sedentary life styles 1, 2

•Lack of physical activity in schools.•Unsafe places to play in the community.• Increased screen time.

Page 12: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Adiposity Rebound 1

•Normal for children to have a decrease in BMI.•Lowest around 4-6 y.o.a•Then there is a gradual increase in weight•Early adiposity rebound could increase the risk of adult obesity.

Page 13: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Screen time•TV viewing time can have negative effects to both eating and decreasing physical activity • associated with increased energy intake 4

•A study of ~4000 children between 8-16 found that obesity was highest in those who watched 4+ hours a day and lowest in those who watched 1 or less hours.5

Page 14: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Food Advertisements •Study done during Saturday morning TV found that 56% of the advertisements were for food. 6

•The four most advertised foods are: Breakfast cereals, snacks, candy, and soda. 7

•Advertising increase children’s knowledge of these foods and consumption as well as children influencing purchasing for these foods. 7, 8

Page 15: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Short Term Effects on Children 9

•Body Dissatisfaction and Low Self Esteem•Obese children tend to be more dissatisfied with their bodies than overweight and normal weight children. •These children also had lower self esteem.

Page 16: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Short Term Effects on Children 9

•Depression •Obese children with body dissatisfaction and low self esteem also had higher rates of depression.

Page 17: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Body Dissatisfaction Long Term Effects 10

•Disordered Eating•Causes•Low self-esteem•Feelings of inadequacy or lack of control in life•Depression, anxiety, anger, stress or loneliness•History of being teased or ridiculed based on size or weight

Page 18: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Body Dissatisfaction Long Term Effects 11

•Higher risk of suicide

•“Obese and overweight teenagers in Liverpool have more suicidal thoughts than those with a normal weight.”

Page 19: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Weighing the Evidence for an Association Between Obesity and Suicide Risk Article 12

•“Considering the evidence to date, it appears that a positive association between obesity and suicide has been observed more frequently than a negative or no association, implying that obese individuals are indeed at an increased risk of suicide.”

Page 20: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Other Short Term Effect on Children 2

•Hypertension•High cholesterol•Abnormal glucose tolerance, Insulin resistance, and Type II Diabetes.•Breathing problems, sleep apnea, and asthma.•Early puberty • Joint problems- Reduces desire to exercise.•Fatty liver disease, gallstones, and GERD

Page 21: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Long Term Chronic Health Effects1, 2

•When older were more likely to have:•CVD- Prevention of CVD begins in childhood.•Digestive disease• Infertility•Some cancers•Death from any cause as compared with those who were lean.

Page 22: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Childhood Intelligence and Adult Obesity 13

•Objective: to study if there is a connection between childhood intelligence and their BMI when they are adults.•Design and Methods: •Longitudinal study of 17,419 started in 1958.•Childhood intelligence is measured at 7, 11, and 16.•When they turn 51, their BMI is measured.

Page 23: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Childhood Intelligence and Adult Obesity13

•Conclusion:•There is a connection between childhood intelligence and their adult BMI.•General intelligence reduces BMI when the individuals have complete control over what they eat.

Page 24: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Some good news! 2

•Rates of obesity in low-income preschool aged children decreased in recent years CDC.

•Prevalence of obesity decreased 15.21% to 14.94%.

•Extreme obesity decreased 2.22% to 2.07%.

Page 25: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

PARENTS ROLE

Page 26: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Parents role in obesity •Targeting parents only in weight loss of children ages 6-11 shows greater weight loss then when both parents and children were targeted. 14

•One study showed a relationship in weight loss in the parent that passed onto the child. Proving that when the parents demonstrate healthy behavior it can be passed on to their children. 15

Page 27: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Preventing Childhood Obesity •Maternal obesity during the first trimester doubled the risk of a child being obese at ages 2-4. 16

•Women of childbearing years should seek a healthy lifestyle. 17

Page 28: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Feeding methods during infancy•Breastfeeding has been show to help prevent obesity in children. 17

•Cohort study done in 2003 of children at age 6 found that bottle fed infants had higher prevalence of obesity compared to those who were breastfed. 18

•Meal size is learned during breastfeeding. 19

•Bottle feeding may encourage overfeeding. 17

Page 29: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Feeding methods during infancy•Breastfeeding provides the infant with metabolic and hormonal cues within the breast milk. 20

•Breast milk flavors change due to what the mother is eating. This may contribute to the infants acceptance of foods during transition from milk to solid foods. 20, 21

•Early interdiction to sweetened beverages and high fat foods my contribute to preferences for theses foods as the child ages. 20, 22

Page 30: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Toddlers and young children•Biggest determent for intake is food flavor. 17

•Foods with flavors that aren’t sweet or salty are often rejected and the new tastes will need to be learned. 17

•Let children try new foods without being forced to eating them. 24, 25

Page 31: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Toddlers and young children•Exposure to food also determines liking of various foods. 17

•Parent led exposure to fruits and vegetables can increase acceptance. Also increasing availability of these foods in schools and day care centers. 26

•On the other hand increased exposure to high-fat and energy-dense foods will increase their liking for them.17

Page 32: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Toddlers and young children 15

•As in infants, toddlers have physiological sense of fullness. During development children respond to environmental cues to larger portion sizes.• In preschool introduce children to: •many flavors and textures of foods, •have nutrition education, •encourage daily physical activity.

Page 33: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Older children and Adolescence•During this age children are more in charge of their food choices inside and outside of the home. 17

•Parents should help healthful eating by promoting healthful foods. 17

•During adolescence continue with nutrition education and physical activity. 15

Page 34: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Older children and Adolescence•Eating as a family without the TV on has been shown to increase children's intake of nutritious foods.17, 27, 28

•Sugar sweetened drinks are a big concern for this age group. 17

•Portion control is also a major concern. •Let children serve themselves. •Consumed 25% less when served themselves 29

Page 35: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Family-Focused Treatment 30

•Objective: Evaluate a healthy lifestyle intervention by adding parenting skills training.•Methods: children aged 5-9, 6-month program, targeted parents as the agents of change, only parents attended training, BMI and waist z scores were used. Measurements were taken at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.•Results: There was a reduction in BMI and waist scores at 6 months and was maintained at 24 months.

Page 36: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Modeling •Children’s behavior is modeled after the parents behavior. 15

•Preschooled children are more likely to eat foods they seen adults eat. 31

•Steps to help with Modeling 30:•Start early•Keep mostly healthy foods in the house•Make it easy to eat healthy•Eat healthy yourself•Eat as a family

Page 37: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Modeling •Modeling can also be negative. If the parents are engaging in a unhealthy lifestyle so will the children 17

•Mothers dieting habits can be learned from daughters as soon as 5 years old 32

Page 38: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Providing•Parents provide variety of healthful foods. •Let children choose type (from what was offered) and portion size. 31

•Reduce the availability of sugar sweetened beverages. 33

•Take children shopping.•Have them help prepare meals and snacks.

Page 39: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Kids in the Kitchen•Have children get involved.•Preschool aged children can help with:•Washing•Adding ingredients to mixtures •School aged children can help with:•Mixing•Peeling and cutting•Measuring

Page 40: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Healthy snacking•Making healthy snakes available instead of sugary and convenience foods will improve nutrition intake.•Ways to have health snacks available:•Have a fruit plate.• Prepackaged low fat cheese snacks. • Pre-make snacks with children once a week for grab and go.

• Snacks are not meals, keep around 100- 150 kcals.

Page 41: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Move more•Do activities as a family.•Think outside of the box•Doing chores together around the house.•Going for a walk as a family after dinner, if possible walk children to and from school or to the store.•Family outings centered around physical activity.•Give gifts such as balls and sports equipment. 17

Page 42: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Move More•Parents shouldn’t be discouraged to do physical activities with their children because of their own health. 34

•Parents should encourage children to be active and play outdoors. 17

•This increases opening for social contact, bonding, and maturational guidance. 17

Page 43: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Campaigns to help with childhood obesity and prevention •We can! Created by Michael Obama•Healthier school meals•Kids Can’t Wait created by the Children's Health Fund•Kids Eat Right created by The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics •Appetite for a Change created by Organic Consumers Association

Page 44: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

Mother May I?

Page 45: Monkey see, Monkey do. A presentation about Childhood obesity and a Parent’s preventative Role

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Picture resources • http://cakeandcarrots.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/

child_eating_sandwich.jpg• http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PuN_IQNutU4/Tp8wWvjszQI/AAAAAAAAAcI/

G2DpPAqDQZc/s1600/obese+family_1105039.jpg• http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/children_shealth/4839016/Children-

who-watch-TV-are-fatter.html• http://topnews.in/healthcare/sites/default/files/Obese-children.jpg• http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/9632588/Thousands-of-

pregnant-women-at-risk-from-antidepressants-doctors-warn.html• http://www.todaysparent.com/toddler/picky-eaters/how-to-deal-with-a-

toddler-who-is-fussy-about-food/• http://www.openideo.com/open/how-might-we-give-children-the-

knowledge-to-eat-better/winner-announced/role-model-chefs-teens-teaching-younger-kids-how-to-cook-and-eat-healthier/• http://www.bewellconsulting.com/nutrition-tips/feel-happy-rested-and-

relaxed