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Wireless remote monitoring of VOC\'s by PID
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Monitoring Remote Areas Monitoring Remote Areas Using Wireless Mote Using Wireless Mote
NetworksNetworksPaper # 2350 – 7Paper # 2350 – 7
J.N. Driscoll, PID Analyzers, 2 Washington Circle J.N. Driscoll, PID Analyzers, 2 Washington Circle Dr., Sandwich, MA 02563Dr., Sandwich, MA 02563
H. Gimenez, P. Hogan, W. Johnson, N. Perova, P. H. Gimenez, P. Hogan, W. Johnson, N. Perova, P. Perov, J. (Stinchfield) FernandezPerov, J. (Stinchfield) Fernandez
Suffolk University, 41 Temple Street, Boston, MA, Suffolk University, 41 Temple Street, Boston, MA, 02114 02114
Presented AtPresented At
Pittsburgh Conference-Pittsburgh Conference-Orlando, FLOrlando, FL
ObjectivesObjectives
Development of wireless “Mote” networks for Development of wireless “Mote” networks for monitoring of remote locations or locations where monitoring of remote locations or locations where wired systems cannot be implementedwired systems cannot be implemented
Development of base station software to allow for Development of base station software to allow for uploading of Tmote data to the Internetuploading of Tmote data to the Internet
Development of external antenna systems to Development of external antenna systems to maximize range of the Tmotes while minimizing maximize range of the Tmotes while minimizing complexity of routing protocols and maintain low complexity of routing protocols and maintain low drain on the batteriesdrain on the batteries
Development of gas sensor array (4-5 sensors Development of gas sensor array (4-5 sensors simultaneously) & electronics to be used with the simultaneously) & electronics to be used with the motes motes
What are RF MotesWhat are RF Motes Radiofrequency wireless “motes” are low power, Radiofrequency wireless “motes” are low power,
inexpensive devices that incorporate sensors, processing inexpensive devices that incorporate sensors, processing and communications in a small package. These devices and communications in a small package. These devices were developed by the University of California at Berkeley were developed by the University of California at Berkeley in 1999 and have been expanded to include sensors for in 1999 and have been expanded to include sensors for light, temperature, humidity, and other parameters. We light, temperature, humidity, and other parameters. We have designed a low power toxic gas array for five sensors have designed a low power toxic gas array for five sensors that can be easily interfaced to RF motes.that can be easily interfaced to RF motes.
The RF motes can communicate using novel network The RF motes can communicate using novel network topologies suitable for specific applications. The data is topologies suitable for specific applications. The data is then relayed back to a base mote connected to a PC with a then relayed back to a base mote connected to a PC with a suitable database, which can be uploaded to the Internet. suitable database, which can be uploaded to the Internet. We describe inter-mote distance limitations, interface We describe inter-mote distance limitations, interface issues of the sensor board to the motes, solutions to long issues of the sensor board to the motes, solutions to long term power for the motes, communication protocols term power for the motes, communication protocols between motes, transfer of data from base mote to Mysql between motes, transfer of data from base mote to Mysql database, and creation of a dynamic website hosted on an database, and creation of a dynamic website hosted on an Apache webserver. Apache webserver.
Description of Remote SensorDescription of Remote Sensor
Have used 10 position RF ModesHave used 10 position RF Modes Acquisition time- every 10 secondsAcquisition time- every 10 seconds Have developed database & data Have developed database & data
collection programcollection program Have developed low power battery Have developed low power battery
operated 5 channel amp for sensors such operated 5 channel amp for sensors such as PID, IR (>3), CG, TC, RH, EC (> 30), as PID, IR (>3), CG, TC, RH, EC (> 30), wind speed…wind speed…
Can check remote battery condition every Can check remote battery condition every 10 seconds10 seconds
Key Features of the TmoteKey Features of the Tmote
-- 250kbps 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4 Chipcon Wireless 250kbps 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4 Chipcon Wireless TransceiverTransceiver
- - Interoperability with other IEEE 802.15.4 Interoperability with other IEEE 802.15.4 devicesdevices
- - 8MHz Texas Instruments MSP430 8MHz Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller (10k RAM, 48k Flash)microcontroller (10k RAM, 48k Flash)
- Integrated- Integrated ADC, DAC, Supply Voltage ADC, DAC, Supply Voltage Supervisor, and DMA ControllerSupervisor, and DMA Controller
-- Integrated Humidity, Temperature, and Light Integrated Humidity, Temperature, and Light SensorsSensors
-- TinyOS support: mesh networking and TinyOS support: mesh networking and communication implementationcommunication implementation
Tmote Components (Top)Tmote Components (Top)
Tmote Components (Bottom)Tmote Components (Bottom)
Range Issues with Standard Range Issues with Standard TmoteTmote
The short range of standard Tmote The short range of standard Tmote necessitates an improved antenna systemnecessitates an improved antenna system
External antennas on the Tmote are External antennas on the Tmote are feasible, but require board modificationsfeasible, but require board modifications
The measured range for the standard The measured range for the standard Tmote was about 20 metersTmote was about 20 meters
The solution...The solution...
A Parabolic DishA Parabolic Dish Allows for wide Allows for wide
area coverage area coverage when used as a when used as a receiverreceiver
Allows for Allows for perimeter perimeter reception of a reception of a deployment of deployment of motesmotes
Prevents to need Prevents to need to modify the to modify the deployed motesdeployed motes
Maximum Range MeasurementMaximum Range Measurement
The maximum range The maximum range measured (90% measured (90% efficiency based on efficiency based on packet loss) was 550 packet loss) was 550 metersmeters
The maximum (100% The maximum (100% reception) range was reception) range was 400 meters400 meters
Random packets Random packets were received at up were received at up to 1 km rangeto 1 km range
Cranberry Bog ProjectCranberry Bog Project
Cranberry crops are highly susceptible to Cranberry crops are highly susceptible to temperature fluctuation and must be flooded temperature fluctuation and must be flooded over to protect them during cold spellsover to protect them during cold spells
The purpose of this project is set up a mote The purpose of this project is set up a mote network to monitor temperature gradients in a network to monitor temperature gradients in a cranberry bog to assist in flood controlcranberry bog to assist in flood control
The motes must be deployed and left in place The motes must be deployed and left in place during the growing season to prevent damage during the growing season to prevent damage to the delicate cropto the delicate crop
The cranberry bog in questions is The cranberry bog in questions is approximately approximately 300 meters by 300 meters300 meters by 300 meters
Cranberry Bog MapCranberry Bog Map
Mote Team discusses Mote Team discusses placement and range placement and range
measurementsmeasurements
Cranberry Bog Range Cranberry Bog Range SummarySummary
The maximum range was The maximum range was 400 meters400 meters The dish was able to receive motes The dish was able to receive motes
along a line drawn from the edge of along a line drawn from the edge of the dish to 200 meters in either the dish to 200 meters in either directiondirection
Coverage of the entire bog was Coverage of the entire bog was easily obtainedeasily obtained
Full receive capabilities were Full receive capabilities were maintained upon moving the dish maintained upon moving the dish inside (an additional 50 meters)inside (an additional 50 meters)
Looking out from Dish location. Looking out from Dish location. Farthest mote out was 350 meters Farthest mote out was 350 meters
and had perfect receptionand had perfect reception
Setup of the Data Collection System:Setup of the Data Collection System:
Modified nesC and Java Programs for data collection system:Oscilloscope, Oscope.
Radio Transmission FactsRadio Transmission Facts
Calibration of Remote Gas SensorsCalibration of Remote Gas SensorsDistance 100’Distance 100’
Spreadsheet Data FormatSpreadsheet Data FormatTimeTime DateDate HumidHumid
ityityTempTemp
AATSRTSR PARPAR TempTemp
SSBatt VBatt V H2SH2S
ppmppmCH4CH4
%%
MoteID1
15:32:15:32:0505
2/18/062/18/06 20.520.5 24.424.4 11 11 24.424.4 2.972.97 00 0.030.03
MoteID1
15:32:15:32:1515
2/18/062/18/06 20.520.5 24.424.4 1 1 11 24.424.4 2.972.97 00 2.302.30
MoteID1
15:32:15:32:2525
2/18/062/18/06 20.520.5 24.424.4 11 11 24.424.4 2.972.97 00 2.482.48
MoteID1
15:32:15:32:3535
2/18/062/18/06 20.520.5 24.424.4 11 11 24.424.4 2.972.97 00 2.502.50
MoteID1
15:32:15:32:4545
2/18/062/18/06 20.520.5 24.424.4 11 11 24.424.4 2.972.97 00 0.310.31
MoteID1
15:32:15:32:5555
2/18/062/18/06 20.520.5 23.423.4 11 11 24.424.4 2.972.97 00 0.060.06
packMICA2 Mote network XListen+ Mote-VIEW Client Toolsw/XMesh Routing PostgreSQL Database
Homeland Security Area MonitoringHomeland Security Area Monitoring
Mote with sensors
Sensors AvailableSensors Available TECHNOLOGIESTECHNOLOGIES- - GASESGASES-PID (3), IR (3), -PID (3), IR (3),
TCD , UV, CG, EC (4 TYPES) > 30 SENSORSTCD , UV, CG, EC (4 TYPES) > 30 SENSORS MEASUREMEASURE-VOC’s, CH-VOC’s, CH44, CO, CO22, N, N22O, HO, H22, SO, SO22, ,
Hg, % LEL, NHHg, % LEL, NH33, AsH, AsH33, CO, Cl, CO, Cl22, ClO, ClO22, ETO, F, ETO, F22, , CH2O, Hydrazine, HBr, HCN, HCl, HF, HCH2O, Hydrazine, HBr, HCN, HCl, HF, H22S, S, II22, RSH, NO, NO, RSH, NO, NO22, O, O22, O, O33, Phosgene, PH, Phosgene, PH33, , SOSO22, SiH, SiH44. .
RANGERANGE- ppb to % depending on sensor - ppb to % depending on sensor MEASURE- MEASURE- LIQUIDSLIQUIDS-pH, T, CONDUCTIVITY, -pH, T, CONDUCTIVITY,
DISSOLVED ODISSOLVED O22, TURBIDITY , TURBIDITY
SummarySummary The RF motes have a range > 100’ in a building The RF motes have a range > 100’ in a building
(through walls)(through walls) To cover a wider area up to 400 meters, we used To cover a wider area up to 400 meters, we used
an antennaan antenna Motes will talk to each other & can be used to Motes will talk to each other & can be used to
relay info to PCrelay info to PC The RF modes can be used to monitor up to 10 The RF modes can be used to monitor up to 10
parameters local T, RH, Battery V, sensor T, parameters local T, RH, Battery V, sensor T, Calibration set & 5 gas or liquid sensors Calibration set & 5 gas or liquid sensors
We are also evaluating a new antenna design to We are also evaluating a new antenna design to improve the range & improved software to make improve the range & improved software to make the operation easier to operatethe operation easier to operate
Suffolk Mote TeamSuffolk Mote Team
Students: Jack Hamm, Nick Hennigar, Niko Liakis, Brian Muccioli, Jim Speers
Alumni: Jennifer Stinchfield-Fernandes, Josel Fernandes, Natasha Perova
Physics Faculty: Walter Johnson, Igor Kreydin, Pol Perov, Yevginy Rodin
Environmental Engineering faculty: Pat Hogan
Electrical Engineering Faculty: Craig Christensen, Harold Giminez