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MONITORING EARTH’S CLIMATE SYSTEM
&
PLANETARY ENERGY BUDGET
Spatial and Temporal Scales of ClimateClimate Anomalies
Climate ObservationsIn Situ
Remote SensingSatellite Observations
Climate Models
Radiation LawsSolar Radiation-sun-Earth relationships
Atmospheric Effects on InsolationOzone Depletion
Greenhouse EffectNet Radiation, Equilibrium, Climate Change
Anomaly: deviation from the mean
VISIBLE IMAGE APRIL 12, 2010
INFRARED IMAGE APRIL 12, 2010
WATER VAPOR IMAGE 4/12/10
http://climate.nasa.gov/Eyes/eyes.html
NASA’s Suite of Orbiting Earth Observing Satellites
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Figure 2.6
Solar and Terrestrial Energy
Figure 2.7
Wien’s Law
Stefan-Boltzmann Law
Equinox, Solstices
Seasonal Observations
Figure 2.15
Daylength vs. Latitude
SOLAR CONSTANT
The rate at which solar radiation falls on a flat unit area perpendicular to the sun’s
rays at the top of the atmosphere.
1.97 cal/cm2/min
1368 W/m2
ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS ON SOLAR RADIATION,
TERRESTRIAL RADIATION
REFLECTION
SCATTERING
ABSORPTION
Albedo and Reflection
Figure 3.5
Antarctic Ozone Hole
Figure FS 2.1.1
Greenhouse effect
Mauna Loa Carbon Dioxide Measurements
(the Keeling Curve)