Upload
doanminh
View
219
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Monitoring deep-water fisheries: Contributions to the assessment of deep-water marine biodiversity
José Angel Alvarez PerezCTTMar – UNIVALI
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
• Our understanding on biodiversity patterns in the deep-water habitats off the Brazilian coast is still largely incomplete
• In the last 50 years preliminary inventories have been produced mostly as byproducts of scientific programs designed to explore potential fishing resources outside traditional fishing areas
• Such initiatives have also followed the need to comply international agreements. e.g. REVIZEE (1995 –2005)
From Ferreira et al., 2005 - REVIZEE
Know to fish approach
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
• In 1998, the Brazilian Government launched a deep-water fishing development policy in an attempt to accelerate the occupation of the outer bounds of Brazilian EEZ and induce its economic exploitation
• This policy stimulated the chartering of foreign vessels by national companies and an intense monitoring of these deep-water operations.
• Such actions would allow:
(a) the improvement of knowledge on potential resources and international markets
(b) The evaluation of large-scale deep-water fishing operations profitability
(c) The absorption of adequate technologies for deep-water fishing, handling and processing
Fish to know approach
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
• Monitoring deep-water fishing involved two intensive data collection tools:
• VMS• Observers
• Specific programs were designed for the implementation of such tools for the entire chartered fleet as part of scientific cooperation programs with UNIVALI
• Since 2000, all hauls of all trips of every vessel, have been monitored as to provide information on:
• Fishing, handling, processing technology• Catch• Effort• Fishing areas• Biological samples (catch / bycatch)
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
CATCH EFFORT
CPUEPOPULATION
STRUCTURE
BIOMASS ASSESSMENTS
MANAGEMENT PLANS
TACsEffort limitationsGear limitations
Bycatch limitationsNo-fishing areas
BYCATCH
ECOSSYSTEM IMPACTS
MARINE BIODIVERSITY INVENTORIES
OBSERVERS
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
ADVANTAGES
• Intensive sampling – large numbers of trips, hauls – Many opportunities to collect samples• Large areas – variety of habitats• Continuous sampling (seasons, years etc..)• Abundant material• Organisms vulnerable to a variety of samplers
DISADVANTAGES
• Fishing impacts (sampling derives from fishing effort)• “Biased” spatial sampling (no good for community description)• On board identification and material collection limitations
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
OBSERVERS
• Collection of specimens• Conservation, packing• On board identification• Photograph/ Video documentation
GEP SCIENTISTS
• Sample screening• Preliminary identification (major groups)• Specimens preparation• Identification requests - Taxonomists
TAXONOMISTS
• Identification of specimens• Lists of identified taxa• Taxonomic collections
BYCATCH LISTS
BIODIVERSITYINVENTORIES
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
Bycatch Lists
• From 2000 to 2005 a total of 319 fishing trips have been monitored by Observers who provided information on 29359 hauls conducted on Brazilian deep areas
• A total of 356 taxa has been identified so far, but a large body of information (80 – 90% of data collected) is still being processed principally from the trawl fishery
Gillnet Pot Trawl Long Line Total
Number of vessels 10 8 11 5 34Number of trips 85 102 101 31 319
Number of Hauls 3850 8079 16531 899 29359
TaxaPorifera 3 3 2 0 8Cnidaria 32 34 2 0 68Annelida 6 6 0 0 12Mollusca 9 1 17 0 27Crustacea 16 21 30 0 67
Echinodermata 16 13 7 0 36Elasmobranchs 33 0 4 6 43
Teleosts 27 3 38 15 83Turtles 2 0 0 0 2Birds 5 0 0 1 6
Cetaceans 4 0 0 0 4
Total 153 81 100 22 356
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
Gillnet Fishery
• Target: Monkfish (Lophiusgastrophysus)
• Period: 2000 – 2002• Area: 23 - 43°S / 250 – 700 m• A total of 153 taxa were identified in the
gill net fishery bycatch-54.00 -52.00 -50.00 -48.00 -46.00 -44.00 -42.00
-36.00
-35.00
-34.00
-33.00
-32.00
-31.00
-30.00
-29.00
-28.00
-27.00
-26.00
-25.00
-24.00
-23.00
-22.00
-21.00
sub-área 1
sub-área 2
sub-área 3100 m
200 m500 m
Terceiro trimestreEsforço (redes.horas)
0 a 46000
46000 a 92000
92000 a 138000
138000 a 184000
184000 a 230000
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
Mor
talit
y (n
umbe
rs)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Sp.
/Mon
kfis
h
2 4 6 8 10 12 Ln mean weight
TL
Sd GhHk
Tl Wf
Sk
AnSh
Ch
Sp
CrMlEc
Bd CtTt
Gillnet Fishery
• Main Bycatch: Mobile benthic crabs (Chaceon, Rochinia), large K-strategists (Poliprion, Squatina)
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31
Longitude W
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
Long
itude
S
RioGrande
Itajaí
CananéiaSantos
Rio deJaneiro
Atlantic Ocean
Laguna
Vitória
Red crab
Royal crab(South)
Royal crab(Southeast)
Brazil
Chaceonnotialis Chaceon ramosae
Pot Fishery• IN SEAP/PR 4, 5, 4 May
2005• TACs, Effort, Escape Panels
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
Trawl Fishery• Outer Shelf Fishery – Multispecific• Upper Slope Fishery – Hake, Gulf Hake, Silver John Dory, Argentine Squid• Lower Slope Fishery – Deep-water Shrimp
250 m
500 m
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
Aristaeopsis edwardsiana“carabinero”
Aristaeomorpha foliacea“moruno”
54.0 52.0 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0Longitude W
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
Latit
ude
SChuí
Rio Grande
Cabo deSanta Marta
Itajaí
Cananéia
Santos
Rio de Janeiro
OceanoAtlântico
200 m
100 m
Camarão carabineiroAristaeopsis edwardsiana
Kg/lance
0 a 40 40 a 80 80 a 120 120 a 170
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
GEP collaborators
• 12 taxonomists of 9 research institutions have provided identifications and support to bycatch studies and produced taxonomic and biodiversity studies with specimens collected by deep-water fisheries
Institution Taxonomist GroupMZUSP Dr. G. Melo Crustacea
Dr. M. Tavares Crustacea
Univ. Mackenzie Dr. G. Melo Fo. Crustacea
MN/UFRJ Dr. C. Castro Cnidaria/ coralsDr. D. Pires Cnidaria/ corals
FUNDESPA Dr. L. Tommasi Equinodermata
FURG Dr. F. D'Incao Crustacea/ shrimpsDr. M. Haimovici Cephalopoda
CEPSUL/ IBAMA Dr. R. dos Santos Cephalopoda
FZRS Dr. C. Lerner PoriferaDr. B. Mothes Porifera
Univ. Açores Dr. J. Barreiros Piscis
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
Melo-Filho & Melo, 2004
Tavares & Melo, 2005
Andrade et al., 2004Barreiros et al. 2004
• New taxa • New Geographic
recordsdescribed form deep-sea
fisheries
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
GEP - UNIVALI team
Dr. José Angel Alvarez PerezDr. Humber Agrelli de Andrade
MSc. Marcelo Rodrigues-RibeiroDr. Paulo Ricardo Pezzuto
Dr. Paulo Ricardo SchwingelMsc. Roberto Wahrlich
Colaborators - UNIVALI
Dr. André BarretoDr. Joaquim Olinto BrancoDr. Maurício Hostim Silva
Funding
MA/ SARC/ 03/ 2000MAPA/ SARC/ 03/ 2001
MAPA/ SARC/ DENACOP/ 176/ 2002SEAP/ PR/ 01/ 2003SEAP/ PR/ 78/ 2004SEAP/ PR/ 64/ 2005
CONCLUDING REMARKS
• Deep-water fishery development has recently started in Brazil
• A large effort. involving governmental agencies and scientists. has been directed to maintaining this development within sustainable limits
• This effort has included intense fishing monitoring, using new “tools” such as observers and VMS, massive data collection and fast assessments
• It also provides the opportunity to redirect information for biodiversity studies
• It is mandatory that we make the best possible use of this opportunity through all possible partnerships, with either Brazilian and international institutions, to this end.
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
• How can we contribute to a Southern MAR – ECO?
• Motivation to learn about seamount ecosystems –
subsidies to MPAs
• Motivation to explore potential fishing in International Waters
• UNIVALI – Fishery Studies Group
Attractive to the interests of Brazilian/ South American Fishing & Environmental Agencies
• Marine Mammals Data bank
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
• MPAs – Sea Mounts
-54 -53 -52 -51 -50 -49 -48 -47 -46 -45 -44 -43 -42 -41 -40 -39 -38 -37 -36 -35 -34 -33 -32 -31 -30
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Lances
Kg/
h
Platô do Ceará
Banco Sirius (CFN)
Banco B (CFN)
Monte 1 Monte 2
Leslie DeLury Leslie DeLury
Num réplicas 500 500 500 500
Biomassa (t)
Mínimo 91,4 121,2 230,1 229,3
Máximo 193,0 188,0 356,4 332,9
Mediana 144,5 140,3 275,9 274,7
Média 145,1 141,7 278,7 276,2
Erro Padrão 0,6 0,4 0,8 0,8
Desvio Padrão 13,8 9,3 18,9 17,9
C.V. 9,5% 6,6% 6,8% 6,5
Escape %
Mediana 14,9 12,4 40,0 39,7
Média 14,4 12,9 40,3 39,9
q
Mediana 0,00154 0,00149 0,00111 0,00113
Média 0,00161 0,00150 0,00111 0,00113
Epinephelus nigritus
South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006
Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil
• International Waters – fishing grounds