MONGOLIAN LINKAGE TO ASIAN MONGOLIAN LINKAGE TO ASIAN HIGHWAY NETWORKHIGHWAY NETWORK, , ITS ITS PRESENT AND FUTUREPRESENT AND FUTURE

September September 20062006

PresenterPresenter: : GOMBO LKHAMJAVGOMBO LKHAMJAV

• Gombo Lkhamjav. Executive Director of Gombo Lkhamjav. Executive Director of Mongolian Association of Road EngineerMongolian Association of Road Engineer

• Member of Technical Committee 4,3 (Road Member of Technical Committee 4,3 (Road Pavement) of World Road AssociationPavement) of World Road Association

• Project Manager “Regional Road Project Manager “Regional Road Development Project”Development Project”

Asian Highway NetworkAsian Highway Network• In 1959, United Nations Economy and Social Commission In 1959, United Nations Economy and Social Commission

for Asia and Pacific region has initiated “Asian Highway” for Asia and Pacific region has initiated “Asian Highway” project to bring the world countries closer together and to project to bring the world countries closer together and to promote trade, travel and better standards of life in larger promote trade, travel and better standards of life in larger freedomfreedom . .

• In 1960s, 1970s and 1980s remarkable progress was In 1960s, 1970s and 1980s remarkable progress was achieved as developing the domestic road network and achieved as developing the domestic road network and transit transport in some Asian countries with their active transit transport in some Asian countries with their active effort. A large scale of economic growth has been noted in effort. A large scale of economic growth has been noted in the Asia and Pacific region since Asian highway project the Asia and Pacific region since Asian highway project starts.starts.

• From 1990, the implementation of “Asian Highway” project From 1990, the implementation of “Asian Highway” project is intensified. Because political barriers which was is intensified. Because political barriers which was separated world countries were reduced and the economic separated world countries were reduced and the economic globalisation is getting active.globalisation is getting active.

• The route selection to be joined to the Asian Highway The route selection to be joined to the Asian Highway Network has been made with consideration of UNO target Network has been made with consideration of UNO target such as:such as:

– to connect the regional centers for promotion of to connect the regional centers for promotion of international transport and regional integration,international transport and regional integration,

– to connect the main industrial and agricultural centers to connect the main industrial and agricultural centers for promotion links between places of economic for promotion links between places of economic activitiesactivities

– to connect main sea and river ports for integrate land to connect main sea and river ports for integrate land and sea transport networksand sea transport networks

– to connect major tourist attraction for promotion of use to connect major tourist attraction for promotion of use of Asian Highway by travellersof Asian Highway by travellers

HS20-44HS20-44HS20-44HS20-44Structure loading (min)

7654765476547654Max. vertical grade (%)

10101010Max. superelevation(%)

Dbl. bituminous treatment

Asphalt/cement concreteAsphalt/cement concreteAsphalt/cement concreteType of pavement

3-63-63-63-6Shoulder slope (%)

2-5222Pavement slope (%)

305080115508011521080210350115210350520Min. radii of horizontal curve (м)

N/AN/AN/AN/A2,503,003,004,00Median strip

0,75 (1,5)1,5 (2,0)2,002,502,503,002,503,00Shoulder

3,00 (2,25)3,503,503,50Lane

(30)(40)(40)(50)Right of way

Width (м)

304050604050608050801006080100120Design speed (km/h)

SMRLSMRLSMRLSMRLTerrain classification

Class III(2 lanes)

Class II(2 lanes)

Class I(4 or more lanes)

Primary(4or more lanes)

Highway classification

Asian Highway Design Standard

Necessity to join to Asian Highway Network Necessity to join to Asian Highway Network and Government Policyand Government Policy

• Mongolia is landlocked country surrounded by mountain ranges and stretches in Mongolia is landlocked country surrounded by mountain ranges and stretches in vast territory of 1.5 million km squire between Russian Federation and People’s vast territory of 1.5 million km squire between Russian Federation and People’s Republic of China. International cooperation and development of efficient Republic of China. International cooperation and development of efficient transport network reachable to the countries in the region and other continent is transport network reachable to the countries in the region and other continent is one of the important issues for further development of country.one of the important issues for further development of country.

• For the country surrounded by land, it is beneficial to have reliable connection of For the country surrounded by land, it is beneficial to have reliable connection of road transport link to the neighbouring countries and other third countries and to road transport link to the neighbouring countries and other third countries and to actively promote the international transit transport through the country.actively promote the international transit transport through the country.

• The Government of Mongolia promotes “Asian Highway” project from the The Government of Mongolia promotes “Asian Highway” project from the beginning and actively participates in the activities organized by ESCAP for beginning and actively participates in the activities organized by ESCAP for improvement of road transport.improvement of road transport.

• Between 1991-2004, the representatives of Mongolia have attented in Between 1991-2004, the representatives of Mongolia have attented in approxemately 10 seminars and meeting concerned on determination of Asian approxemately 10 seminars and meeting concerned on determination of Asian highway routes, development of uniform road design standard and discussion of highway routes, development of uniform road design standard and discussion of Intergovernmental Agreement DrafIntergovernmental Agreement Draftt etc. In Mongolia, we have organized the etc. In Mongolia, we have organized the

forum twice in presence of regional experts for Asian Highway.forum twice in presence of regional experts for Asian Highway.

The Government of Mongolia agreed to be connected to the The Government of Mongolia agreed to be connected to the Asian Highway Network with Asian Highway Network with following following linklinks s by by Intergovernmental Agreement in 2004Intergovernmental Agreement in 2004::

АН-3 АН-3 routeroute. . It It starts from Tanggu harbour in Tianjin, P.R.C passing starts from Tanggu harbour in Tianjin, P.R.C passing Beijing – Ulaanbaatar – Ulaan Ud, Russian Federation. The section Beijing – Ulaanbaatar – Ulaan Ud, Russian Federation. The section of AH-3 in Mongolia is 1041 km road from Russian Border – of AH-3 in Mongolia is 1041 km road from Russian Border – Altanbulag – Darkhan – Ulaanbaatar – Nalaikh – Choir – Sainshand Altanbulag – Darkhan – Ulaanbaatar – Nalaikh – Choir – Sainshand – Zamiin Uud – P.R.C border and is a main vertical altitude road.– Zamiin Uud – P.R.C border and is a main vertical altitude road.

АН-4 АН-4 routeroute. The АН-4 route starts from Novosibirsk, Russia, Mongolian . The АН-4 route starts from Novosibirsk, Russia, Mongolian

Border - Khovd – Ulgii - Yarantai continueing to Urumchi city of Border - Khovd – Ulgii - Yarantai continueing to Urumchi city of Shinjian Uigar province, P.R.C. The route section in Mongolia is 725 Shinjian Uigar province, P.R.C. The route section in Mongolia is 725 km in total starting from Yarantai – Khovd – Ulgii – Ulaanbaishint.km in total starting from Yarantai – Khovd – Ulgii – Ulaanbaishint.

АН-32АН-32 route route. Khovd – Uliastai – Tsetserleg – Kharkhorin – Lun – . Khovd – Uliastai – Tsetserleg – Kharkhorin – Lun – Ulaanbaatar - Undurkhaan –Choibalsan - Sumber /Dornod/ route is Ulaanbaatar - Undurkhaan –Choibalsan - Sumber /Dornod/ route is 2520 km and shall be a main horizontal road. 2520 km and shall be a main horizontal road.

Mongolia shall be connected to Asian Highway Network with totaling Mongolia shall be connected to Asian Highway Network with totaling

4286 4286 km road.km road.

АН-3 АН-3 routeroute

The following projects were implemented by loan The following projects were implemented by loan from Asian Development Bank and presently 586 from Asian Development Bank and presently 586 km paved road or 56.3 % of AH-3 route have been km paved road or 56.3 % of AH-3 route have been constructedconstructed::

• In 1997-2000, 312 km existing paved road from Russian In 1997-2000, 312 km existing paved road from Russian BorderBorder -- Altanbulag-Darkhan-Ulaanbaatar has been Altanbulag-Darkhan-Ulaanbaatar has been rehabilitated under “First Road Development Project”rehabilitated under “First Road Development Project” . .

• In 2002-2005, 200 km road from Nalaikh-Choir has been In 2002-2005, 200 km road from Nalaikh-Choir has been newly constructed under “Second Road Developmen newly constructed under “Second Road Developmen Project”Project”. .

““Regional Road Development Regional Road Development Project”Project”

• 432 km in Choir-Sainshand-Zamiin Uud road 432 km in Choir-Sainshand-Zamiin Uud road that is a missing link of AH-3 routes in that is a missing link of AH-3 routes in Mongolia shall be constructed under Mongolia shall be constructed under Regional Road Development Project Regional Road Development Project financed by Asian Development Bank and financed by Asian Development Bank and Economic Development Cooperation Fund, Economic Development Cooperation Fund, Korea.Korea.

Project purposeProject purpose • Intensify activities of trade, tourism and industry sectors as Intensify activities of trade, tourism and industry sectors as increase of the passenger and freight transports between increase of the passenger and freight transports between Mongolia - Russia, and Mongolia-ChinaMongolia - Russia, and Mongolia-China • Allow the international transit transport through Mongolian Allow the international transit transport through Mongolian territory and use the economic return for touchy areas of the territory and use the economic return for touchy areas of the countrycountry. . •Intensify the cross border road transport, it will promote the Intensify the cross border road transport, it will promote the economic growth not only in local area but also in nationeconomic growth not only in local area but also in nation • Accelerate the socio-economy development of Gobi-sumber Accelerate the socio-economy development of Gobi-sumber and Dornogobi provinces, and Dornogobi provinces, •Protect the environment as finalising the use of the multiple Protect the environment as finalising the use of the multiple tracks which damages pastureland by traffic and preserving the tracks which damages pastureland by traffic and preserving the grazing land,grazing land,

Project componentsProject components • Construction of 432 km asphalt concrete roads in Construction of 432 km asphalt concrete roads in

Choir-Sainshand-Zamiin Uud Choir-Sainshand-Zamiin Uud • Implementation of Cross-Border Road Transport Implementation of Cross-Border Road Transport

Facilitation Plan for smooth passage of vehicles Facilitation Plan for smooth passage of vehicles through Mongolian territories from China to through Mongolian territories from China to Russia Russia

• Road Safety Improvement Project: Road Safety Improvement Project: – Installation of Road Safety Features on the Installation of Road Safety Features on the

Ulaanbaatar-Altanbulag road for road safety,Ulaanbaatar-Altanbulag road for road safety,– Road Safety Audit in Design Drawing,Road Safety Audit in Design Drawing,– Public awareness of road safety,Public awareness of road safety,– Procurement of patrol cars, speed measures, radio Procurement of patrol cars, speed measures, radio

stations stations – Training for traffic police officer for improvement of Training for traffic police officer for improvement of

road traffic safety road traffic safety

Project componentsProject components• Implementation of Area Development Implementation of Area Development

Programs: Programs: • Construction of 37 km length of 4 local roads connecting to Construction of 37 km length of 4 local roads connecting to

the project main road,the project main road,• Establishment of a pilot roadside station at the junction of Establishment of a pilot roadside station at the junction of

local road from the project main roads to Erdene soum,local road from the project main roads to Erdene soum,• Training for the local laborers on road construction and Training for the local laborers on road construction and

maintenance, maintenance, • Enhancement of stakeholder participation Enhancement of stakeholder participation

• Technical Assistance for awareness and Technical Assistance for awareness and prevention of HIV/AIDS and human trafficking prevention of HIV/AIDS and human trafficking on the north-south road corridor on the north-south road corridor

5.86 km road from State 5.86 km road from State border –Zamiin Uudborder –Zamiin Uud

• The project “5.861 km paved road from State The project “5.861 km paved road from State Border to Zamiin-Uud and inside Zamiin-Uud Border to Zamiin-Uud and inside Zamiin-Uud town” implemented by grant fund of Reople’s town” implemented by grant fund of Reople’s Republic of China was one part of the Project. Republic of China was one part of the Project. The construction work was completed in 2005 The construction work was completed in 2005 and opened for traffic. The completed road has and opened for traffic. The completed road has 18 m wide carriageway and 4 lanes, and in 18 m wide carriageway and 4 lanes, and in compliance with international road standard. compliance with international road standard. This road is the start point of Asian Highway This road is the start point of Asian Highway Network in Mongolia.Network in Mongolia.

Project implementation periodProject implementation period

• The preparation work for project started The preparation work for project started from 2004 and the road construction work is from 2004 and the road construction work is planned to commence in 2006 and complete planned to commence in 2006 and complete at the end of 2008.at the end of 2008.

Project importanceProject importance • Complete connection to АН-3 route with paved road. Complete connection to АН-3 route with paved road.

As completion of the project road, a missing link of AH-3 route section in As completion of the project road, a missing link of AH-3 route section in Mongolia is completely filled with paved roads. and open for the traffic Mongolia is completely filled with paved roads. and open for the traffic between Russia and China. between Russia and China.

• Possitives for the development of local areas along the roadPossitives for the development of local areas along the roadAs completion of the project road, the local households shall be As completion of the project road, the local households shall be reachable to the market and province centers with lower transport cost. reachable to the market and province centers with lower transport cost. It benefits for local households buying consumor product with cheaper It benefits for local households buying consumor product with cheaper prices and greater choices. prices and greater choices.

• Employment vacancyEmployment vacancyDuring the project implementation, the employment of local citizens from During the project implementation, the employment of local citizens from two provinces of project area shall be maximise and pay attention on two provinces of project area shall be maximise and pay attention on increase of their earnings. Skilled and unskilled workers shall be increase of their earnings. Skilled and unskilled workers shall be employed during the construction work and organise several trainings employed during the construction work and organise several trainings for locals to make them skilled. After completion of road construction, for locals to make them skilled. After completion of road construction, local citizens shall have permanent income as having mini service local citizens shall have permanent income as having mini service center like food shop, motel etc for passengers and can use possibility center like food shop, motel etc for passengers and can use possibility of minor trade and manufacture along the road. The locals can be of minor trade and manufacture along the road. The locals can be employed at the Roadside Stations, petrol stations, hotels, restaurants, employed at the Roadside Stations, petrol stations, hotels, restaurants, car workshops, art shops and mini supermarket to be constructed along car workshops, art shops and mini supermarket to be constructed along the roads.the roads.

Project importanceProject importance• Environment protection Environment protection

Project implementation area is semi-arid and has sparse Project implementation area is semi-arid and has sparse plant layers. For protection of road against sand plant layers. For protection of road against sand movement and snow cover, trees shall be planted for 15% movement and snow cover, trees shall be planted for 15% of road alignment. The project road shall finalise the use of road alignment. The project road shall finalise the use of multiple tracks and restore the graze land. of multiple tracks and restore the graze land.

• Cross border road transport facilitation Cross border road transport facilitation Normally, the cross border road transport is time Normally, the cross border road transport is time consuming because of crowd traffic at the border. The consuming because of crowd traffic at the border. The project includes the Cross Border Road Transport project includes the Cross Border Road Transport Facilitation Plan. The training shall be organised for Facilitation Plan. The training shall be organised for border staff for making quicker and quality service for border staff for making quicker and quality service for passenger and freight transport and additional freight passenger and freight transport and additional freight check equipment shall be installed.check equipment shall be installed.

Project importanceProject importance• Prevention and Public Awareness of HIV/AIDS and Human Trafficking Prevention and Public Awareness of HIV/AIDS and Human Trafficking

After completion of project road construction, it is certain the number After completion of project road construction, it is certain the number of transport traffic increases. Some negatives could be arisen along of transport traffic increases. Some negatives could be arisen along the crowd transit transports. Therefore, activities of prevention and the crowd transit transports. Therefore, activities of prevention and public awareness of HIV/AIDS and Human Trafficking were included public awareness of HIV/AIDS and Human Trafficking were included in our project components. in our project components.

• Increase in the road transport confortIncrease in the road transport confortThe road eveness gives a remarkable decrease in traffic accidents. The road eveness gives a remarkable decrease in traffic accidents. Average speed of vehicles on this road prior to construction is 27.4-Average speed of vehicles on this road prior to construction is 27.4-34.6 km/hour, it will be 63.7-78.2 km/hour after construction 34.6 km/hour, it will be 63.7-78.2 km/hour after construction completed, approxemately 2.2 times increase. Now average travel completed, approxemately 2.2 times increase. Now average travel time is between 12.34 – 15.52 hour from UB – Zamiin Uud, it shall be time is between 12.34 – 15.52 hour from UB – Zamiin Uud, it shall be

5.29 – 6.39 hours drive, approxemately 2.28 times faster.5.29 – 6.39 hours drive, approxemately 2.28 times faster.

• The АН-4 route starts from Novosibirsk, Russia, The АН-4 route starts from Novosibirsk, Russia, Mongolian Border - Khovd – Ulgii - Yarantai continueing to Mongolian Border - Khovd – Ulgii - Yarantai continueing to Urumchi city of Shinjian Uigar province, P.R.C. The route Urumchi city of Shinjian Uigar province, P.R.C. The route section in Mongolia is 725 km in total starting from section in Mongolia is 725 km in total starting from Yarantai – Khovd – Ulgii – Ulaanbaishint. 65 km paved Yarantai – Khovd – Ulgii – Ulaanbaishint. 65 km paved road between Yarantai-Bulgan-Uench was newly road between Yarantai-Bulgan-Uench was newly constructed in 2005 with own fund.constructed in 2005 with own fund.

• The feasibility study for this west vertical altitude road is planning to be done under Technical Assistance Project financed by ADB.

АН-4 routeАН-4 route

АН-32 routeАН-32 route • Khovd – Uliastai – Tsetserleg – Kharkhorin – Lun –

Ulaanbaatar - Undurkhaan –Choibalsan - Sumber /Dornod/ route is 2520 km and shall be a main horizontal road.

• The Government of Mongolia is implementing ‘Millenium Road’ project, and most part of the project roads are same routes of Asian Highway Network. The road construction is remarkably increased.

• For AH-32 route, 403 km out of 2520 km road was paved, it is only 16 percent of total link. This percentage includes both existing paved roads and newly constructed roads in recent years.

• Lately, 115 km asphalt concrete road from Kherlen Bridge to Duutiin Davaa Mountain Pass that goes to east side from Ulaanbaatar was constructed by own fund of Mongolia.

Importance and benefits of Importance and benefits of Asian Highway NetworkAsian Highway Network

• When we completely connect with three routes to the Asian When we completely connect with three routes to the Asian Highway Network, we will have the shortest road transport Highway Network, we will have the shortest road transport network to develop the trade and cooperation with network to develop the trade and cooperation with neighbouring countries and Asian and European countries.neighbouring countries and Asian and European countries.

• It will be possible to pass the transit transport between It will be possible to pass the transit transport between Russia and China after conclusion of Transit Transport Russia and China after conclusion of Transit Transport Agreement.Agreement.

• Transit transport vehicle from our neighbouring countries to Transit transport vehicle from our neighbouring countries to our country and from Russia to China shall be easier and our country and from Russia to China shall be easier and reduce the driving time. The number of road transport shall reduce the driving time. The number of road transport shall be increased and possitively affect to the economic growth be increased and possitively affect to the economic growth of Mongolia.of Mongolia.

• Mongolia shall have possibility to reach the sea port with Mongolia shall have possibility to reach the sea port with paved road.paved road.

Importance and benefits of Importance and benefits of Asian Highway NetworkAsian Highway Network

• In connection of international transit transport passing through In connection of international transit transport passing through Mongolia, the complex roadside station shall be established in Mongolia, the complex roadside station shall be established in every 100 km. As result of establishment of roadside station, local every 100 km. As result of establishment of roadside station, local citizens shall have employement and the living standard shall be citizens shall have employement and the living standard shall be improved.improved.

• Remote west and east provinces of Mongolia shall be connected Remote west and east provinces of Mongolia shall be connected to each other and capital city, and reachable to the market and to each other and capital city, and reachable to the market and social services. social services.

• The toll fee to be collected from transit transport shall be The toll fee to be collected from transit transport shall be increased. It shall give amount of increase in the road increased. It shall give amount of increase in the road maintenance fund. maintenance fund.

• When local infrastructure improves, more tourist will target to When local infrastructure improves, more tourist will target to Mongolia and tourism sector shall have great opportunity to come Mongolia and tourism sector shall have great opportunity to come up to new phase of development. up to new phase of development.

• The movement from countryside to the capital city formsThe movement from countryside to the capital city forms huge huge population density. The movement shall be reduced.population density. The movement shall be reduced.

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!