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Money & Banking, Ch. 6, prepared by lecturer YIN SOKHENG, Master in Finance.
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1
ααααΌαα¦
αααΆααΆα αα·αααΆαααααααααααααΆααΆαBanks and Bank Management
α ααα ααααααααααΆαααΆαααΆg α αΆ α αα·α ααα»αα α’ααα»ααα αα· α α·ααααααα»
E-mail: [email protected]: (855) 16 88 98 72 / 17 98 99 72
ααααα ααα ααα αααααΆ ααααΈααΆααα·ααααΆααααΌαααα¦ ααααα ααα’αααααααααΌαααΆαααααααΆαα α‘. αααααααααΈα’ααααααααααααααααΆα αα·αααααααααααααΆαααΈαα½αα
α’. ααααααααΆαααΈααααΆααααα αα·ααα½αααααΈααααααααΉαααΆα αααααααΆα
α£. αααα αΆ αααΈα’αααααΆαααα ααΆαααΆαααααα ααΆααααααααααα αΆαα·ααα αα·αα’αααααααααααααααααααΉαααΆα αααααααΆαα αα ααααααααα·ααα α
2ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
αα·ααααααααΆααΆ
αααΆααΆαααΆα’ααΈ?β’ ααΆααα»αα α»ααααααααααΌαααααΆαααα α·αααααααα»αααα’ααααααΎααΆαα
(consumers) αα·αα’αΆααΈαααα(business)β’ (αααΎαα αααΆαααααΈααΈαααΉαΉαααΆα ααααΆααΆα αα·αα α·αααααααα»)
β’ ααααΌαα‘ βα’αααααΆααα·ααααααΆααΆα αα·αα α·αααααααα»β
α¦.α‘ ααααααααααααΆααΆα
3ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
2
αα·ααααααααΆααΆ αααΆααΆαααΆααΆα αααα α·αααααααα»αααα
β’ ααα½α (receives) β’ ααααΌα(collects) β’ αααα(transfers) β’ ααΌααΆαα(pays)β’ αααΌαααΆαα (exchanges) β’ ααααααα αΈ(lends) β’ ααα·α·ααα (invests)β’ α¬ααΆαααΆααα»αααα·ααΆα(safeguards) ααα·αΌααααα»ααΌαα’αα·αα·ααα
4ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
αααααααααΆααΆ
β’ αααΆααΆαααααα α(Central Banks)β’ ααΆα’αααα αααααΆαααα·αΌααααα»ααΌαααααΆ αβ’ ααΆαα·αααααααααααΆα αααα α·αααααααα» αα·αααΈααΆαβ’ αα½αααΆααΆααΌαααααααΆαααααααααα α·αααααααα» αα·αααααΆαα·α ααα
β’ αααΆααΆαααΆαα·ααα(Commercial Banks)β’ ααα½αααΆααααααααΎ αα·αααΆαα―ααααααα»αααΆαααααααα αΈααΆαα·αααααα αα·αα’αΆααΈααααα§ααΆα ααα αααααΆααααα αΈααααΎααΆαα
β’ αααΆααα ααααααα αααααααβ’ ααααααααΎααα»ααααααα’αααα·α·αααα―αα(αααΆαα·αα α»α) α¬ αααααααα»αα α»α(αα ααΆααα»αα α»ααααααΆααΆα)
5ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
β’ αααΆααΆαα―αααα(Specialize Banks)ααΆαααΆααΆααααααΆαα―ααααααααααααΆααααααα½αααα»αα ααααααααααααΆαααααΆααα’αααααααααΉααΆα α
β’ αααΆααΆααααααα»(Wholesale Banks)ααΆαααΆααΆαααΆαα·ααααααααΆαααα ααα αααααΎααααΆααα
ααΆααΈαααα αα·ααααααΆ αα·αΆαβ’ αααΆααΆααααααΆα(Retail Banks)
ααΆαααΆααΆαααΌα αααααααααααΎααααΆααΆααααΆααααααααααααα½ααΆα αα·αα’αΆααΈααααααΆα αααΌα αα
β’ αααΆααΆαααα·α·ααα(Investment Banks)ααΆαααΆααΆααααααΆααΆααΌαααΆααα·α αααααΌααααααα
ααΆαΉαααΆααααΈ αααααα’αα·αα·ααααΆααΆααΈαααα α¬αααααΆ αα·αΆα
6ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
3
β’ αααΆααΆαααΆαα·αααααΆ(Merchant Banks)ααΆαααΆααΆαααααααααααααααΆααααα»αα αα·αααΌα
ααα ααααααΆαΉαα’αΆααΈααααβ’ αααΆααΆαα―ααα(Private Banks)
ααΆαααΆααΆααααααα½αααααααΎααααααααα α’ααααΆααααΎαααΈααααΎααΆαααα·α·ααα
β’ αααΆααΆαα’αααααΆαα·(International Banks)ααΆαααΆααΆαααΆαα·ααααα(commercial banks
parent) αααααΆαααΈαααααααα αααΎαααΆααα½αααααα
7ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
β’ αααΆααΆααααα(Saving Banks)/mutual saving banks (MSBs)β’ ααΆα ααααααααΎααΆααΆα αα αααααααΆα ααααΆαα·αα α»αααβ’ αααΆααα ααααααα ααααααα ααααα αααααΆαβ’ ααααΆαααα ααααααΆαΉαααα½ααΆα αα·ααα»ααα αα·αα’αΆα ααααΌα αααααΆααΆαααΆαα·αααβ’ α’αΆα ααααααααααα½ααα ααΆSLAs αα·α
β’ αααΆαααααα αα·αααα αΈ(saving and loan associations βSLAsβ)β’ αααΆααα ααααααα αααααααβ’ ααααααααΎααα»αααααααααΆαα·αα α»α αα·αα’αΆα αααααααααΆα ααααααααΎ
(αα ααΆαααα ααα βmutualβ)β’ ααααΆαααααα ααααΎααα αΈα’α ααααααα αααααΈαααα αα·αααααααΎααΆαααΆαααααααα ααααααΆαΉααααα½αΆα αα·ααα»ααα
8ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
β’ αα ααααα₯ααααΆα (credit union)β’ αα αααα·αααα·ααΆα αα·αααααααα αααααααβ’ ααααααααΎααα»αααααααααΆαα·α(members)β’ ααααααα αΈα ααααααΆαΉααααααΆαα·ααααα½αα α»ααααα αΉαβ’ αα·αα’αΆα ααααααααααΆαα½αα ααααα½αααΌα αααααΆααΆαααΆαα·ααα
β’ ααΆα αααααΈαααΌα α·αααααααα»(Microfinance Institutions)β’ α’αΆα ααααα½αααααααΎαΆα αα·αααααααα αΈα ααααααΆαΉαααααα ααα½ααΆα αα·αα’αΆααΈααααααΆα αααΌα αα
β’ αααΆααΆαααααααααααααααΈααα(Postal Saving Banks)β’ ααα½αααΆααααα αα·αααΌααΆααααααααααααααααααΈααα αα·αααΌαααααΆαααα
9ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
4
β’ αααΆααΆαα’αα·αααααααα αααα(Community Development Banks)β’ ααΆαααα αααΌα αα αααααα ααααΎαααΆααΆαααΆαα·ααα αα·ααααΆααΆααααααα ααα»ααααα»α
β’ αααΆααΆαααααααα αααα·αΌααααα»(Money Central Banks)β’ ααΆαααΆααΆαααΆαα·ααααααααΆαααα ααα αααααΆααααααα αα α·αααααααα»ααΆααα»αααα
β’ αααΆααΆαααααΆααααΆαααΌααΆααααΆα’αααααΆαα·(Bank for International Settlements)
β’ αααΆααΆαααΆααΆ(Affiliated banks) β’ αααΎααα»αααΆααα’αα α¬αα½αααααααΊαααΌααΆαααααααααααααα»αα α»ααα
10ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
The World Bank and the IMFWorld Bank (αααΆααΆαα’αααααΆαα·αααΎαααΈααΆαααΆα αααΆ αα·αααΆαα’αα·αααααα) αααααααΉααααααααααααααα½ααααααααΎαααααααααΆThe International Monetary Fund (IMF): ααΊααΆαααα»αα½ααααααΆαα‘α₯α αααααααα½αααα αΌ αααΆα ααΌαααααΆααααΎαααΈα ααΆαααΆααααααΎαα αΎαααΌαααααΉαααα’αααααααΌαααΆαα ααααααα αΈααααααααααΈαα ααΆαααααααααΆαααΆαα·α αα½αααααα»αααΆαα·αααα»αααΆααα αααα·αααα·ααΆααααΎααΆα
ααΆαΉαααΆαααα·αΌααααα»ααΆα’αααααΆαα· αα½αααααα»ααΌαααΆαα’αα·ααααααααααααααΌααΆααααΆα’αααααΆαα·
(international payments)
11ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
β’ Virtual Banksβ’ ααααααααΆαααααΌαα’αα·αα·ααααααααααααααααα internet
β’ αααΆααΆαααΆααUniversal Banksβ’ ααΆαααααααααΆαααα α·αααααααα»ααΆααα’αααααααααΆααα αααααΆααα αααΎααΈααΆααα ααα α»αααα
β’ Bankersβ Banksβ’ ααααααααααααΆαααααΆααΆ (ααΌα ααααΆααΆαααααααΌαααααΆαααα αα·αααΆααα½αααΌαααΌααααααΆαααΎα) ααΌααααΆααΆαααααα
12ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
5
ααααΆααααααΆααΆ
Deposits1. demand deposits,
2. savings deposits,
3. hybrid checking/savings deposits/NOW, and
4. time deposits
13ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
ααααΆααααααΆααΆ
Credit1. commercial or merchantile credit
2. industrial credit
3. consumer or personal credit
4. real estate credit
5. bank credit
6. Public or government credit
7. International credit
14ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
ααααΆααααααΆααΆ
Cash Management and Other Services
o Other Services
o foreign currency exchange,
o safety deposit boxes/store valuables,
o certification of value,
o transfer money and securities,
o credit life insurance (pays off loans),
15ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
6
Cash Management and Other Services
o Other Services
o trust services,
o financial advisory services,
o equipment leasing services,
o start-up companies loans
o selling retirement plan
ααααΆααααααΆααΆ
16ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
ααααΆααααααΆααΆ
Cash Management and Other Services
Cash Management
o allow businesses to make efficient use of their cash,
o allow the business to earn interest on its money sooner,
o Credit enhancements.
17ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
The payments Investment Bankinng Securities Brokerages Financial Planning
Merchant Banking
ααααΆααααααΆααΆ
18ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
7
αα½ααΆααΈαααΆααΆ
1. The Intermediation Role2. The Payment Role3. The Guarantor Role4. Safekeeping/Certification of Value Role5. Saving/Investment AdvisoryRole
6. Acgency Role
7. Risk Management Role
8. The Polcy Role
19ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
α¦.α’ααΆαααααααααααααΆααΆα
(αααΎαα§ααααααα α¨, α©, α‘α αα·α α‘α‘ page18-19 ) α’ααααΆ ααα
20ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
Balance Sheet A bank's balance sheet is simply a list of a bank's
assets and liabilities where
total assets = total liabilities + capital.
Bankβs Balance Sheet
Assets Liabilities & Capital
Cash & cash equivalent Deposit accounts
Investment Borrowing funds
Loans Total liabilities
Other assets Capital
Total 100% Total liabilities & Capital 100%
21ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
8
ααΆ ααΆααααα (Evaluation )
Managing the bankβs response
to changing interest rate
Bankβs interest cost
Bankβs interest
revenues
Market value of bankβs
assets
Market value of bankβs liabilities
Bankβs net interest margin
Bankβs net worth capital
Bankβs investment
value, profitability,
and risk
22ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
ααΆ αααααααααα αΆαα·ααα (Risk Management)
1. Credit Risk
2. Market Risk
Interest rate risk
FX rate risk
3. Liquidity Risk
4. Earning Risk
5. Insolvency Risk
23ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»
α’αααααααααααααΆααΆ α αα ααααααααα·α α
ααΆααααα½αααα»αααΆααα·ααααα·α αα·αααααΆααα ααα αΈα’αΆα αααα’αΆαα’ααααααΎααΆαααααααΎααΆαααΌααααα·αααΈαααΆα ααα αΈα’αΆα αααα’αΆαα’αΆααΈααααααααΈαααα α αα·αααα·ααααααΈ αααααΎαααΌαα’αΆααΈα αα·αααααααΎ αααααΆαα·α ααα
24ααΆααααααΆα α αΆαα αα·α αα»ααα α’αα»ααααα· αα α·αααααααα»