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Classifying Prokaryotes 2 Different Groups: 2 Different Groups: –Eubacteria Great variety Live almost anywhere (land, water, & in humans) Cell wall contains peptidoglycan (carbohydrate) –Archaebacteria Chemically different because lack peptidoglycan DNA more like that of eukaryotes Live in harsh environments (no oxygen, very salty, & high temperatures)
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Monerans:Monerans:BacteriaBacteriaFriend or FoeFriend or Foe
ProkaryotesProkaryotes Bacteria = ProkaryotesBacteria = Prokaryotes Discovered when Robert Hooke and Anton Discovered when Robert Hooke and Anton
van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope Bacteria are the smallest living organismBacteria are the smallest living organism Unicellular and lack nucleusUnicellular and lack nucleus
Classifying Classifying ProkaryotesProkaryotes
2 Different Groups:2 Different Groups:– EubacteriaEubacteria
Great varietyGreat variety Live almost anywhere (land, water, & in humans)Live almost anywhere (land, water, & in humans) Cell wall contains peptidoglycan (carbohydrate)Cell wall contains peptidoglycan (carbohydrate)
– ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria Chemically different because lack peptidoglycanChemically different because lack peptidoglycan DNA more like that of eukaryotesDNA more like that of eukaryotes Live in harsh environments (no oxygen, very Live in harsh environments (no oxygen, very
salty, & high temperatures)salty, & high temperatures)
Identifying Identifying ProkaryotesProkaryotes
Identified by Identified by ShapeShape, , Chemicals in Cell Chemicals in Cell WallsWalls, , Way they MoveWay they Move, & , & Obtaining Obtaining EnergyEnergy
Shapes:Shapes:– Bacilli = Bacilli = Rod ShapedRod Shaped– Cocci = Cocci = Spherical ShapedSpherical Shaped– Spirilla = Spirilla = Spiral & Cork-screwSpiral & Cork-screw
Obtaining EnergyObtaining Energy Heterotrophs Heterotrophs
– ChemoChemoheterotrophsheterotrophs = take in organic = take in organic moleculesmolecules
– PhotoPhotoheterotrophsheterotrophs = photosynthetic (use = photosynthetic (use sunlight) & need organic molecules for energysunlight) & need organic molecules for energy
AutotrophsAutotrophs– ChemoChemoautotrophsautotrophs = make organic molecules = make organic molecules
from carbon dioxidefrom carbon dioxide– PhotoPhotoautotrophsautotrophs = use light energy and water = use light energy and water
to carbon compounds and oxygen (like plants)to carbon compounds and oxygen (like plants)
Living ConditionsLiving Conditions Obligate AerobesObligate Aerobes = need oxygen to = need oxygen to
livelive
Obligate AnaerobesObligate Anaerobes = needs no = needs no oxygenoxygen
Falcultative AnaerobesFalcultative Anaerobes = can live = can live with or without oxygenwith or without oxygen
ReproductionReproduction Binary fissionBinary fission = cell grows to double = cell grows to double
its size, DNA copied, and then splitsits size, DNA copied, and then splits
ConjugationConjugation = DNA exchanged by = DNA exchanged by bridge that forms and passes on genesbridge that forms and passes on genes
EndosporesEndospores = spores formed when in = spores formed when in bad conditions to live. Spores are bad conditions to live. Spores are dormant, then awaken when good dormant, then awaken when good conditionsconditions
Bad Bacteria Bad Bacteria Pathogens = disease causing Pathogens = disease causing (i.e. (i.e. E. E.
coli coli ))
Good BacteriaGood Bacteria Vaccines Vaccines = preparation of weak pathogen= preparation of weak pathogen AntibioticsAntibiotics = block the regrowth and = block the regrowth and
reproduction of pathogensreproduction of pathogens Decomposers Decomposers = help the ecosystem = help the ecosystem
recycle nutrientsrecycle nutrients Human UsesHuman Uses::
– Clean oil spills because some digest petroleumClean oil spills because some digest petroleum– Purifying water by removing waste productsPurifying water by removing waste products– Making vitaminsMaking vitamins– Foods & Drinks to help Human Body digestionFoods & Drinks to help Human Body digestion
Bacteria Bacteria Shakes!!!!Shakes!!!!
Probiotic Kefir MilkProbiotic Kefir Milk L. caseiL. casei L. acidophilesL. acidophiles L. plantarumL. plantarum L. rhamnosusL. rhamnosus S. diacetylactisS. diacetylactis S. florentinusS. florentinus B. bacterium longumB. bacterium longum Leuconostoc Leuconostoc
cremoriscremoris B. bacterium breveB. bacterium breve
Lowfat MilkLowfat Milk Ice CreamIce Cream Whey ProteinWhey Protein StrawberriesStrawberries IceIce