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Monday, September 14th
AGENDA• LECTURE: Introduction to
Ancient Greece and Rome– handout
ANNOUNCEMENTS• Bring log books to class
every day• Tuesday, 9/15: OPEN
HOUSE
Wednesday, September 10th
AGENDA• Name Tags out facing me• Entry Ticket • Finish Introduction to
Greece/Rome– Get out handout & “Mental
Virtues” article
ANNOUNCEMENTS• No homework!
Friday, September 12
AGENDA• Library
– Honors – College Bound Reading list
– Non-honors – free choice!
ANNOUNCEMENTS• No homework
Tips on Taking Lecture Notes
• Listen to my voice – what words I…– Repeat/emphasize are important
• Make your notes BRIEF! – Write key words/phrases
• Use abbreviations – Gr = Greek– R = Roman
Essential Question
• If the goal of society is to create a just state, then where does the line fall between the private individual and the public citizen?
• How do Greece and Rome define a “just state”?
The Idiots
• Greek origin of word – “private, separate, self-centered selfish
Idiots DO NOT take part in public life!Why is that a problem???
Idiots DO NOT worry about the public good!Why is that a problem???
PRIVATE INDIVIDUAL VERSUS THE PUBLIC CITIZEN!
ANCIENT GREECE“The Greeks dreamt the dream of
life best.”-Oscar Wilde
ANCIENT ROMEDe Nobis Fabula Narratur
GEOGRAPHY
CHARACTERISTICS of Greece and Rome
ANCIENT GREECE
• ARETE
ANCIENT ROME
• ADOPT AND ADAPT
“ARETE”
• Arete (Greek) virtue; excellence; fulfillment of one’s highest potential and purpose in life
• What historical figures have reached their highest potential?
ADOPT AND ADAPT
• Adopt a good idea and make it great!
GREEK VIRTUES- “Arete”
• SOPHROSUNE– Moderation; Temperance
• DIKAISUNE– Justice
• HOSIOTES– Piety
• ANDREIA– Courage
What Greek virtue did the 6 “Mental Virtues” have in common???
Socrates on ARETE
• “For I go about nothing else than urging you, young and old, not to care for your property more than for the perfection of your souls, or even so much; and I tell you that virtue does not come from money, but from virtue comes money and all other good things to man, both to the individual and to the state.”
Roman Virtues: Via Romana
• Pietas– Duty to the State
• Industria– Hard Work (remember: What works is work!)
• Justica– Sensible laws and governance
• Nobilitas-Nobel action within the public sphere
Compare & Contrast
• What are the differences between Greek virtues and Roman virtues?
• What are the similarities?
THE GREEK PHILOSOPHERSSocrates, Plato, and Aristotle (SPA)
Socrates
• Know Thyself• The unexamined life
is not worth living.• Only the pursuit of
goodness brings happiness.
PLATO (STUDENT OF PLATO’S)
• Concerned with Ethics/Govt• “One of the penalties for
refusing to participate in politics is that you end up being governed by your inferiors.”
• “Democracy... is a charming form of government, full of variety and disorder; and dispensing a sort of equality to equals and unequals alike.”
ARISTOTLE• Student of Plato’s• “Democracy arises out of the
notion that those who are equal in any respect are equal in all respects; because men are equally free, they claim to be absolutely equal.”
• “The mark of an educated man is to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.”
THE ROMAN PHILOSOPHERSCicero, Seneca, and Plutarch
CICERO• “True law is right reason in
agreement with nature; it is of universal application, unchanging and everlasting…”
• “Equal blame belongs to those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the same as saying through shrinking from toil and pain.”
• “Let the welfare of the people be the ultimate law.”
• “On him does death lie heavily, who, but too well known to all, dies to himself unknown.”
• “It is not the man who has too little, but the man who craves more, that is poor.”
• “As is a tale, so is life: not how long it is, but how good it is, is what matters.”
SENECA
• “An imbalance between rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of all republics. ”
• “It is part of a good man to do great and noble deeds, though he risk everything. ”
• “No man ever wetted clay and then left it, as if there would be bricks by chance and fortune.”
PLUTARCH
In conclusion…
The Greeks shape bronze statues so real they seem to breathe,
And carve cold marble until it almost comes to life,
The Greeks compose great orations, and measure the heavens so well they
can predict the rising of the stars.
But you, Romans, remember your great arts:
To govern the peoples with authority,To establish peace under the rule of
law,to conquer the mighty, and show them
mercy once they are conquered.Aeneid
THE END!
Governments
DEMOCRACY• POLIS = city state
• DEMOS-KRATIA = people power
REPUBLIC/EMPIRE• RES PUBLICA = things public• 12 TABLES• SENATUS POPULUSQUE ROMANUS = the Senate
and the People of Rome(SPQR)
Greek ParthenonGreek Parthenon
ROMAN SENATE
US Supreme Court
600 Years of Greek History
• Monarchy 1000 – 700 BCE
Oligarchy 700-600 BCE
Tyranny 600-500 BCE
Democracy 500-400 BCE
1000 years of Roman History
500 BCE 500 AD
200 yearsPax Romana
Republican form government
Empire(Caesar Augustus)
(509 BCE – 3l BCE)
500 years Rome grew 300 years Rome fell
(30 BCE – 476 AD)
Empire
What can art and architecture reveal about these two great civilizations?
SCULPTUREAncient Greece Ancient Rome
Kore
ROMAN VESTAL VIRGILS
THE AGORA in Ancient Greece
THE AGORA – Today
THE FORUM – Ancient Rome
THE ROMAN FORUM - today
ENTERTAINMENT
THE GREEK THEATER
SOPHOCLES’S Antigone
A tale of rightVersus right
THE ROMAN COLOSSEUM
VIRGIL’S The Aeneid
The Greeks shape bronze statues so real they seem to breathe,
And carve cold marble until it almost comes to life,
The Greeks compose great orations, and measure the heavens so well they
can predict the rising of the stars.
But you, Romans, remember your great arts:
To govern the peoples with authority,To establish peace under the rule of
law,to conquer the mighty, and show them
mercy once they are conquered.Aeneid
THE END!