The John Hay Library will have ex-tended hours starting today, thanks to a gift from Richard Gilbane.

For the rest of the semester — and possibly the rest of the year — the library will remain open an extra hour, until 6 p.m. on weekdays. The library, which has traditionally been closed on the weekends, will now also be open on Sundays from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m.

This semester will be a trial run for the extended hours to gauge student and community interest, according to Brent Lang, a Brown library commu-nications and marketing specialist.

“To say we need this might be a stretch,” Lang said. “But it’s enhanc-ing and improving library services and access to special collections.”

Lang added that the extended hours may allow more people in the community who work during the week to visit the library on Sundays.

The John Hay Library, which housed the University’s entire li-brary collection from 1910 until the Rockefeller Library opened in 1964,

now features a variety of special col-lections, including the University archives, the world’s largest reposi-tory of military and naval uniforms and over 60,000 comic books, graphic novels, comic art and related mate-rials dating from the mid-1970s to

the present. The library is named for John Hay 1858, a personal secretary to Abraham Lincoln and, later, secre-tary of state under William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt.

— Debbie Lehmann

The Brown Daily heralDMonday, SepteMber 10, 2007Volume CXLII, No. 64 Since 1866, Daily Since 1891

www.browndailyherald.com 195 Angell Street, Providence, Rhode Island News tips: herald@browndailyherald.com

INSIDE:

SEA OF TREESJapanese installation artist Yumi Kori uses light and sound to turn the Bell gal-lery into a peaceful space.

ARTS & CULTURE

3OPINIONS

11THE VIDEO EXPERIENCEAt a new RISD exhibit, modern music videos and avant-garde silent film are combined to good effect.

SPORTS

12R.I.P., PINK SLIPSMaha Atal ‘08 mourns the passing of the University’s old pink-and-white add/drop forms.

M. SOCCER SwEEPSThe m. soccer team beat No. 5 Santa Clara and Ford-ham to win the Adidas-Brown Classic

ARTS & CULTURE

3

Chris Bennett / Herald

The John Hay Library is now open for an extra hour on weekdays.

Simmons condemns proposed Israeli academia boycottBy DEBBIE LEHMANNSenior Staff Writer

A boycott of Israeli universities and professors proposed by Britain’s University and College Union in May has since been “virtually a daily issue” for President Ruth Simmons, who recently wrote a letter to the UCU condemning the boycott. Simmons told The Herald that she is assessing other opportunities to make her views known and promote dialogue on campus.

The UCU, an academic profes-sional association in the United Kingdom, will hold a series of debates on a motion passed May 30 that calls for a boycott of Israeli academia in response to Israel’s occupation of Palestinian land in the Middle East. The resolution deplores “the denial of educational rights for Palestinians” and says Israel has “seriously damaged the fabric of Palestinian society.” It goes on to condemn the “complic-ity of Israeli academia in the oc-cupation” and calls on members of the UCU to consider the moral implications of connections with Israeli universities.

The proposal yielded a strong response from presidents of Amer-ican universities. In early August, presidents of 286 universities, in-cluding Cornell and Princeton uni-versities and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, signed a full-page advertisement in the New York Times declaring, “Boycott Israeli Universities? Boycott Ours Too!” The ad featured a statement by Columbia University Presi-dent Lee Bollinger, who called the boycott “utterly antithetical to the fundamental values of the academy.”

Simmons did not sign the pe-tition, choosing instead to write a personal letter to UCU Joint Secretary General Sally Hunt condemning the boycott. In her letter, posted on her Web site, Simmons expressed her support for Israeli universities and wrote that supporting such a boycott “is not an option for people who are dedicated to the core principles of the academy.”

Simmons told The Herald she would never sign an advertisement as the president of Brown without first consulting with others. Even though there was “immediate and intense dialogue” over the sum-mer about what action to take, she said, she ultimately decided to do something distinctive that would have a larger impact.

“I’m weary of one-shot efforts for profound issues,” Simmons said. “It’s tempting to sign things like this and walk away.”

Simmons added that she thought the advertisement did not express fully why the boycott was inappropriate, and she stressed the need for a “salient and more prolonged” argument. Many in academia will be tempted to view this issue as a political one, Sim-mons said, adding that political discourse “belongs in the political world.”

“Fundamentally, this is some-thing that is an attack on what uni-versities are and what universities do,” Simmons said. “You have to explain to people why this is so inimical to what freedom of speech and scholarship is all about.”

It is a “dangerous step,” Sim-mons added, to single out students and scholars from any one group

C o L L e g e H I L L K I C K S o F F

Internationalization takes shape in reportBy MICHAEL SKOCPOLSenior Staff Writer

Aiming to establish Brown among the world’s top universities, a report released today calls for the Univer-sity to invest significantly over the next several years in a spate of new initiatives designed to highlight its international strengths.

The wide-ranging report of Brown’s Internationalization Com-mittee provides guidance for plans to raise Brown’s global profile, high-lighting potential projects ranging from a new global health institute to an expansion of the University’s existing International Writers Pro-gram, which provides a haven for persecuted writers from around the world.

The report represents the first major step in the larger internation-alization effort that President Ruth Simmons put at the top of the Univer-sity’s agenda last fall. Likely to guide University policy for the next several years, internationalization will shape everything from faculty hires to new academic partnerships.

“The best universities in the United States in the future are go-ing to be judged in good part by their standing not simply in this country, but in the world,” Provost David Kertzer ’69 P’95 P’98 wrote in a campus-wide e-mail sent today an-nouncing the report’s release. “This means having a world-class faculty and the world-renowned graduate programs and research that go with them, as well as a world-class under-

graduate program. Brown must be one of the major meeting-grounds of the world’s greatest scholars and intellectuals.”

The 21-page report represents the conclusions of the Internation-alization Committee created in Oc-tober 2006 and chaired by Kertzer. Charged with investigating ways Brown could improve the interna-tional quality of its education and become a more significant player in global higher education, the commit-tee stopped short of prioritizing its proposals or presenting a detailed blueprint for executing its goals. That task will fall to a new vice presi-dent for international affairs, whom University Hall officials expect to

Admission of ficers poke around Facebook

n e W S i n b r i e f

By RACHEL ARNDTSenior Staff Writer

This fall, Brown hopefuls might want to consider a new potential aspect of the application process: their profiles on Facebook. Though they deny do-ing so on a regular basis, University admission officers sometimes follow up on anonymous tips to examine applicants’ profiles.

These days, Facebook is no lon-ger a place just for students — as its Web site states, “All that’s needed to join Facebook is a valid email address.” There are currently 39 million active members on the social networking site.

“We don’t use Facebook unless someone says there’s something we should look at,” said Dean of Admission James Miller ’73. But Miller conceded that admission of-ficers take outside tips seriously. “Anything we get, we follow up on,” he said.

Associate Director of College Admission Elisha Anderson ’98 agreed with Miller. There is a “limit to what we can appropriately judge people on,” he said, but added, “You have to remember (Facebook) is a public place.” He said there was “maybe one case” in which Face-book yielded information that af-fected an admission decision.

Sometimes admission officers receive friend requests on Facebook from applicants, Anderson said, noting that accepting the requests “would appear weird.”

At least one admission officer at Brown questioned even case-by-case visits to Facebook profiles when evaluating applications.

“I don’t think that’s a fair prac-tice,” said Victor Ning ’07, a Brown admission officer who said he looks only at the materials the students send to the office. Though he said

continued on page 7

John Hay Library now open for longer hours

continued on page 4 continued on page 6

Chris Bennett / Herald

Student band Mister Tamel performs during Saturday night’s College Hill Kickoff on Wriston Quadrangle.

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By SONIA SARAIyAStaff Writer

Music videos are usually YouTube fodder, and early 20th-century silent film is often confined to Modern Culture and Media class screen-ings, but leave it to the Rhode Island School of Design to bring them to-gether. The RISD Museum hosted a unique screening Friday night of

Dziga Vertov’s 1929 film “Man with a Movie Camera,” accompanied by a musician playing largely improvised live music on a piano, for the open-ing of its latest gallery show, “Music Video/Silent Film: Innovations in the Moving Image.”

The pianist for the screening, Ya-kov Gubanov, composer-in-residence at the Harvard Film Archive and Associate Professor at Berklee Col-lege of Music, created a seamless counterpoint to the film. Artsy silent film can be tedious, but the live score was surprisingly engaging for an inexperienced viewer.

Maya Allison, curatorial assistant for the RISD Museum and organizer of the exhibition, called Vertov’s film a “city symphony” — an almost impressionistic series of shots de-signed to evoke the feeling of living in a city. In this case, the city was Kiev, Ukraine, in 1929, under Soviet rule, and the audience follows a man with a camera who travels around the city filming factories, beaches, trolleys, coal mines, carousels and of course, people — women putting on makeup, couples getting married and men playing instruments.

It’s not an action-packed thriller, but it’s compelling — the film cre-ates an idyllic sense of people living

their smal,l individual lives in the big city. But over an hour of silent shots can be hard to take. That’s where Gubanov’s score fits in. In-deed, it’s hard to remember that the movie is silent, or supposed to be silent — Gubanov drew on his Russian heritage to create a score that evoked Soviet culture and other musical references, including popu-lar melodies such as Mendelssohn’s “Wedding March” and Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony.

Gubanov told The Herald he was inspired primarily by his own experi-ence for the score of this film. “Musi-cally, it is just inside,” he said.

Traditionally, silent movies were accompanied by a live musician, who, Gubanov said, were usually commissioned by the film’s direc-tor or the owner of a theater. The performance’s interplay of musical accompaniment and avant-garde film from the 1930s ties in with the gal-lery show, which takes clips of “Man with a Movie Camera” and other experimental films and juxtaposes them with modern progressive music videos. Black-and-white film clips play next to videos of the White Stripes, the Chemical Brothers and the Beastie Boys, among others.

Allison said in a presentation of the exhibition that the music and the films play on each other — usually, music scores a film, but in some cases in the exhibition, the visual component is conversely a “score” for the music.

Initially, she was inspired to cre-ate the show when she noticed that artists experimented with film when it was a relatively new medium in the 1930s, in a similar way that mu-sic video directors experiment with their medium, she said — music vid-eos, she pointed out, are a relatively

new medium.The juxtapositions made in the

show are intriguing and absorbing, and the RISD Museum has put a lot of thought into the thematic elements explored by each set of clips. The exhibition is divided into four themes, with two screens for each — one for the avant-garde film clip and one for the modern music videos. Many of the music videos in the show were directed by Mi-chel Gondry, acclaimed director of “The Science of Sleep,”— notably,

arTs & CulTureMoNDAY, SePTeMBeR 10, 2007 THe BRoWN DAILY HeRALD PAge 3

JUKAI takes visitors to infinity and beyondBy ROBIN STEELEartS & Culture editor

Standing on a boardwalk in semi-darkness over an endless sea of clear balloons, visitors to the “JU-KAI: an architectural environment” installation may forget they are in the cramped rooms of the List Art Center’s David Winton Bell Gallery. This is exactly the effect Japanese artist Yumi Kori said she hoped for when she converted the gallery into JUKAI — meaning “sea of trees” in Japanese.

“I wanted to transform (the) space into a space with no bound-aries,” said Kori, who used light and sound to create JUKAI’s oce-anic setting.

Visitors enter the installation in small groups, and then travel through a series of curtains de-signed to keep the exhibit space in darkness. Once inside, they find themselves on a small wooden deck, where they can linger over the reflective surfaces, ambient woodland sounds, and columns of blue light that recede into the darkness. The balloons froth like bubbles around the deck, reflect-ing the light from the columns and obscuring the rest of the space. The forest and ocean-like qualities foster a sense of peace with the viewer and invite contemplation.

In developing this installa-tion, Kori said she envisioned the space as a deep, disorienting for-est, through which one can catch glimpses of more space beyond the trees. Though that is her in-terpretation, she said she hopes visitors to the gallery will develop

their own way of viewing the forest and realize that even the smallest space can be vast and limitless, depending on one’s perception.

Although bird and insect noises can occasionally be distinguished among the sounds, the setting of JUKAI is more reminiscent of a dock at night. The blue lights reflect infinitely in the endless sea of balloons like starlight on waves. Kori’s installation may be inspired from personal recollec-tions, as well as natural settings, but her viewers will be able to infuse her work with their own associations.

In the coming month, curious visitors and weary students alike will find the exhibit’s environment a welcoming place to sit or walk to escape the stresses of the outside world. The combination of light, sound and space engage the view-ers senses to bring a feeling of the natural world to a confined, windowless room.

“Japan is so small — (we) al-ways have to deal with that kind of trick,” Kori said.

Kori, who teaches Japanese ar-chitecture at Barnard College, also works as an installation artist and architect out of Tokyo and New York. Previously, she has lectured at the Parsons School for Design and Yale University’s School of Art and Architecture. Before complet-ing her graduate degree in archi-tecture from Columbia University,

Man Ray meets the Beastie Boys at RISD

continued on page 7

REVIEW

continued on page 4

Courtesy of Kino InternationalStill from Dziga Vertov’s 1929 silent film “Man with a Movie Camera,” screened Friday at the RISD Museum.

REVIEW

B I g M A ’ S g o T T A L e N T

Chris Bennett / HeraldJacob Kopf ’11 and Matt Becker ’11 (left) perform at Big Ma’s Talent Show to the tune of Savage garden’s “Truly, Madly, Deeply.”

PAge 4 THe BRoWN DAILY HeRALD MoNDAY, SePTeMBeR 10, 2007

she studied music, theater, and ar-chitecture in Japan.

The sound installation accom-panying Kori’s work,developed by Austrian sound artist Bernhard Gal, incorporates abstract water and woodland sounds. Gal has created around 50 sound installations and media art projects over the last 10 years, and has collaborated with Kori on many of her previous works, including her two most recent — “Shinkai” at the Ise Cultural Foun-dation in New York and “Infination” at the Center for Contemporary Art in Seattle.

Kori, who has been using sound in her installations since 1997, said she considers architecture and sound to be very similar in that they both create space — whether between physical objects or sounds.

Bell Gallery curator Vesela Sretenovic said she feels the JUKAI fulfills its purpose: to evoke “opin-ions, feelings, and experiences.”

Sretenovic said she invited Kori to create a site-specific piece for the gallery based on what she had seen of Kori’s previous works. The proj-ect was realized after almost a year of planning and design. While the bulk of the installation took three

weeks to build, the 3,000-4,000 clear balloons that fill the space and hang from the ceiling took four people three days to inflate, Kori said.

Although the process was long and complex, Sretenovic said she is glad the gallery took on the project and “glad to have another international artist be part of the Providence art scene.”

Kori said she approaches the fi-nite gallery space in the same way as the Japanese tea ceremony. “The tea ceremony should be as impor-tant your life. Every small space could be as important as the whole universe,” she said.

The exhibit runs until Oct. 21.

Bell Gallery hosts serene sound installation

and say the world “should rise up against them.”

A statement Tuesday to The Herald from the UCU stressed that the motion calls for a series of debates around a boycott, rather than an immediate boycott of Israeli institutions.

“Unfortunately the nature of the motion has been misrepresented, especially in media reports in America,” the statement read. “It is important everyone understands there is not a boycott.”

Hunt, the joint secretary general of the UCU, sent a letter July 4 to union members detailing the next steps in planning for debates around the boycott, which she wrote would be “respectful and inclusive.” Hunt also expressed disappointment that the boycott has overshadowed other important efforts, including one to link Palestinian and Israeli trade unionists and academics.

“I do understand the strongly held views on both sides,” Hunt wrote in the letter, “but I do not be-lieve that the majority of members — whatever their personal views — see this issue as the major priority for our union.”

Despite this, responding to the proposed boycott has been a prior-ity for American universities, and several university presidents took actions similar to Simmons’. Har-vard University President Drew Gil-pin Faust also declined to sign the advertisement in the Times, which the Harvard Crimson reported was consistent with a Harvard tradition to not sign petitions. Like Simmons, however, she wrote an individual letter to the UCU.

“While I am most comfortable expressing my views on such mat-ters directly in my own words as opposed to signing group state-ments or petitions, I obviously join many colleagues throughout the international academic community in denouncing unequivocally an ac-tion that would serve no purpose and would fundamentally violate the academic freedoms we must defend

at all costs,” Faust said in an Aug. 13 statement.

Brown has deep ties with Israeli universities. The University has six existing exchange agreements with Israeli universities, trailing only France, with which the University has eight programs. The only other countries with more than two ex-change agreements are Italy and India. A 2004 gift from the late liquor magnate Sidney Frank ’42 — the largest donor in Brown history — funds a scholarship program that brings Israeli students interested in pursuing the University’s Com-merce, Organizations, and Entre-preneurship Program to Brown. Simmons also said she is working with Provost David Kertzer ’69 P’95 P’98 to create more programs that would bring scholars from Israel to Brown.

Israeli universities are “natural partners” for elite American univer-sities because they are among the best in the world, Simmons said. The Middle East is also an area of focus for Brown because of its importance in world affairs, she said.

“I don’t know how you could not want to be informed about that re-gion of the world,” Simmons said. “And how do we do that if we don’t have students and scholars with dif-ferent perspectives on the Middle East? You need people to go there and see it first hand in addition to those who study it.”

In addition to the letter she wrote to Hunt, Simmons said she hopes to engage students and faculty in the issue.

“I wanted this to happen after students got back so that we could ask ‘what can students learn from this?’ ” Simmons said.

Simmons said she would like to organize some kind of public program for those who have little knowledge about the proposed boy-cott. Whatever it is, the program will be “very public” and will help to communicate the position of the University, she said.

While not everyone on campus is aware of the proposed boycott, many students and professors have

strong opinions on the issue.Dara Bayer ’08, a member of

Anti-Racist Action, said she sup-ports the boycott, which she called a “grassroots effort to make a politi-cal statement.”

“For the union to take a stand on this is admirable,” Bayer said. “These are the kinds of statements that put pressure on the govern-ment to change policy.”

Bayer said she had not read Sim-mons’ letter to the UCU, but said she disagrees with the argument that political issues do not have a place in academia.

“You can’t separate politics from the academy,” Bayer said. “Aca-demic institutions do have politi-cal interests, and we can’t ignore that. Look at history — during the Vietnam War, institutions were the centerpiece of the antiwar move-ment.”

Other students and professors share Simmons’ view.

Professor of Judaic Studies Da-vid Jacobson wrote in an e-mail to The Herald that he is “very proud” of the letter Simmons wrote to the UCU, adding that he “strongly op-poses” the proposed boycott.

“Academia is based on free ex-change of ideas,” he wrote, “and any boycott of academics by other academics seriously undermines this fundamental principle.”

Josh Stern ’08, who last year co-founded a Middle East discussion group called Open House, also op-poses the boycott.

“If you want to boycott some Is-raeli company that makes cluster bombs, that’s one thing,” he said. “But this is not consistent with aca-demic freedom.”

Stern said he thinks the major-ity of Brown students are “not so left-wing” that they would support a boycott of Israeli universities. Re-gardless, he said, the only way to solve the larger conflict is through dialogue.

“That’s what needs to be em-phasized — and not just talking, listening,” he said. “An intellectual boycott doesn’t seem to be in line with that.”

Simmons opposes boycott of Israeli academicscontinued from page 1

continued from page 3

worlD & naTionMoNDAY, SePTeMBeR 10, 2007 THe BRoWN DAILY HeRALD PAge 5

Troop ‘surge’ divides Bush advisers as Iraq status report set to arrive todayBy PETER BAKER, KAREN DEyOUNg, THOMAS E. RICKS, ANN SCOTT TySON, JOBy wARRICK AND ROBIN wRIgHT AND RESEARCHER JULIE TATEWaShington poSt

WASHINGTON — For two hours, President Bush listened to contrast-ing visions of the U.S. future in Iraq. Gen. David H. Petraeus dominated the conversation by video link from Baghdad, making the case to keep as many troops as long as possible to cement any security progress. Adm. William J. Fallon, his superior, argued instead for taking more risks in Iraq in order to have enough forces available to confront other potential threats in the region.

The polite discussion in the White House Situation Room a week ago masked a sharper clash over the U.S. venture in Iraq, one that has been building since Fallon, chief of U.S. Central Command, which oversees Mideast operations, sent a rear ad-miral to Baghdad this summer to gather information. Soon afterward, Fallon began developing plans to redefine the U.S. mission and radi-cally draw down troops. One of those plans, according to a Centcom of-ficer, involved slashing U.S. forces in Iraq from 168,000 to about 35,000 by 2010.

In an interview, Fallon disputed that description but declined to offer details. Nonetheless, his efforts of-fended Petraeus’s team, which saw them as unwelcome intrusion on

their own long-term planning. The profoundly different views of the U.S. role in Iraq only exacerbated the schism between the two men.

“Bad relations?” laughed a senior civilian official. “That’s the under-statement of the century. ... If you think Armageddon was a riot, that’s one way of looking at it.”

For Bush, the eight months since announcing his “new way forward” in Iraq have been about not just or-ganizing a major force deployment but managing a remarkable conflict within his administration, mounting a rear-guard action against Congress and navigating a dysfunctional rela-tionship with an Iraqi leadership that has proved incapable of delivering what he needs.

Although the administration has presented a united front, senior of-ficials remain split over whether Bush’s strategy will work in the long term. Bush gambled that a “surge” of some 30,000 troops in the streets of Baghdad and the western province of Anbar would establish enough security to give “breathing space” to Iraq’s sectarian leaders to find common ground.

As Petraeus and Ambassador Ryan C. Crocker deliver progress reports to Congress Monday, the questions they are likely to face are the same ones asked internally: How long should the troop buildup last? When should U.S. forces start to come home? Should the United States stand by Iraqi Prime Minis-

ter Nouri al-Maliki or seek another leader? What are the hidden risks of the emerging alliance with Sunni tribal leaders? What is the best out-come Washington can hope for at this point?

Amid the uncertainty, the over-riding imperative for Bush these past eight months has been to buy time — time for the surge to work, time for the Iraqis to get their act together, time to produce progress. But now, as a result of a casual idea by Petra-eus that hardened into an unwel-come deadline, the administration finds itself at a pivotal moment.

“All the outreach and consulta-tions did not reset as much time on the Washington clock as we had hoped,” said Peter D. Feaver, who was a National Security Council strategic adviser until July. “Rather than buying us more time, the D.C. clock seemed to accelerate after the president’s speech.”

An Address in JanuaryThe president was somber as he

took his place behind the lectern in the White House library the night of Jan. 10. It was an awkward address. He stood alone in the corner talking into a camera. His subdued tone, appropriate for ordering thousands more men and women into battle, worried some aides who feared it was not persuasive.

It did not take long to figure out just how unpersuasive it was. As Bush said good night and headed upstairs to bed, the reviews came in heavily negative, even among Republicans. The notion that the president was sending even more troops to Iraq after an antiwar public turned control of Congress over to the Democrats exasperated many in the capital. The visceral reaction induced near-panic among some in the White House.

“The concern of some people — me — was the floor was going to break politically,” said Peter H. Wehner, then White House director of strategic initiatives. “We put all our eggs in the surge-Petraeus basket. The speech just didn’t seem to move anything and, if anything, it seemed to deepen the problem.”

The surge was born of a review Bush launched after the midterm elections. Over the weeks that fol-lowed, the president came to agree that his strategy was heading to what he later called “slow failure.” But rather than heed calls for withdrawal, he opted for a final gambit to eke out victory, overruling some of his commanders and the Joint Chiefs of Staff and ushering in a new team led by Fallon, Petraeus, Crocker and a new defense secretary, Robert M.

Gates.The logic escaped many. The

day after Bush’s speech, Gates and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice were pummeled during hearings on Capitol Hill. The two tried to assure lawmakers that the troop buildup would be short-lived. “We’re thinking of it as a matter of months, not 18 months or two years,” Gates testi-fied. Asked about Maliki, Rice said, “I think he knows that his government is on borrowed time.”

So was Bush. “There was a real question about whether we’d be able to do this at all,” said a White House aide. Within five weeks, the House had voted to oppose the troop buildup and Democratic leaders were vowing to tie Bush’s hands. Most worrisome was the discontent among Republicans. “It could have potentially strangled this strategy in the crib,” Wehner said.

Depending on BaghdadWhile Bush played defense in

Washington, he also needed to turn up the pressure in Baghdad. The strategy would never work, Bush aides knew, unless Maliki stepped up. National security adviser Stephen J. Hadley had outlined in a memo last fall the deep White House skep-ticism about the prime minister’s intentions and abilities to take on Shiite militias.

Bush instituted videoconference calls with Maliki every two weeks, prodding him to seek accord among Sunni, Shiite and Kurdish factions. At first, the Americans noticed some change. Maliki, who previously had blocked U.S. forces from taking on the Mahdi Army militia of radical

Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr, gave Petraeus the green light to go after anyone responsible for attacks. He also deployed three Iraqi brigades in Baghdad, as promised.

Sadr fled for Iran in February, concerned that U.S. forces would target him. It was a “very personal” decision, not a strategic one, said a senior U.S. intelligence official. “He fled because he feared for his safety.” With Sadr out of the picture, his pow-er base weakened and supporters began fighting among themselves. Some decided to become more po-litically active and stop mobilizing against U.S. forces. Others began attacking Sunnis.

More striking was the emerging shift in Anbar; al-Qaida and Sunni insurgents had grown so dominant in the western province that mili-tary intelligence had all but given up on the area months earlier. Bush benefited from good timing. As he introduced his new strategy, Marine commanders had already made com-mon cause with local Sunni tribal leaders who had broken with the Sunni insurgent group al-Qaida in Iraq, also called AQI.

Why the sheiks turned remains a point of debate, but it seems clear that the tribes resented al-Qaida’s efforts to ban smoking and marry lo-cal women to build ties to the region. “Marrying women to strangers, let alone foreigners, is just not done,” Australian Lt. Col. David Kilcullen, a Petraeus adviser, wrote in an essay. “AQI killed a sheik over his refusal to give daughters of his tribe in mar-riage,” which led to revenge killings

continued on page 8

introduce within the next several weeks. The new vice president is expected to take office Jan. 1.

“Students can expect the effort to ramp up rather dramatically, begin-ning in just a few months,” Kertzer told The Herald.

In the meantime, the report calls for “seed funding” to develop new internationally-focused programs and initiatives. That funding will be available mainly to faculty in incre-ments normally up to $10,000, but possibly as much as $20,000 in a few instances, Kertzer said.

Many of the report’s proposed initiatives represent attempts at coordinating the University’s exist-ing international scholarship and activities. The new institute and an accompanying spate of new initia-

tives proposed by the committee’s global health working group, for example, are intended to consoli-date internationally-focused health research and scholarship already oc-curring at Brown. Suggestions such as a possible initiative in the nascent field of international investment or a summer institute for internationally-minded humanities scholars, would aim to hone Brown’s reputation in other current areas of strength.

Other proposals include expand-ing participation by minority stu-dents and science concentrators in study abroad, better supporting international students and scholars on campus, broadening Brown’s en-vironmental efforts, an initiative to improve the international quality of Brown’s science and technology education, a center for the study of African development and improv-

ing support for the development studies and other internationally-focused interdisciplinary programs on campus.

The University must be “ambi-tious” in carrying out its interna-tional plans, the report urges, but it also cautions that any approach should be “distinctive” to Brown. This can be accomplished by fo-cusing on areas where Brown has already established a reputation and by recognizing Brown students’ pen-chant for interdisciplinary study and instinct for service, Kertzer told The Herald. Because Brown lacks high-profile professional schools and the international contacts that accompany them, it will likely focus on building partnerships — rather than physical satellite campuses — overseas, he added.

“What we want to avoid is a sort

of me-too-ism,” said committee member Peter Andreas, associate professor of political science and director of the international rela-tions program. “Lots of universities around the country are trying to internationalize, and Brown needs to do this … in its own way.”

“The way to do that is by building on some of Brown’s own already self-evident strengths, rather than trying to completely reinvent itself,” he added.

The report’s broad scope could significantly impact decisions throughout the University and is likely to become a priority in future faculty hires and University spend-ing through the Plan for Academic Enrichment, Simmons’ blueprint for expanding the faculty, improving academics and reshaping the Uni-versity’s physical campus.

“The committee has urged us to increase our faculty and other re-sources in a number of key regions whose importance is likely to grow in this century,” Kertzer wrote in his e-mail, identifying China, South Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America in particular. “Adding strength in these areas will require both new resources and possibly real-locating some existing resources.”

Internationalizing Brown, the re-port concludes, will require “a sig-nificant number of faculty hires.”

The report also suggests con-tinued focus on raising the profile of Brown’s graduate programs, for which applications have doubled in the past five years. Both the re-port and Kertzer’s e-mail state the importance of a strong reputation in graduate education as a crucial component in fostering international recognition.

Yet the committee did not intend to focus on any one segment of the University, said committee mem-ber Richard Spies, executive vice president for planning and senior adviser to the president. Because the proposed initiative “builds on and expands the strengths of the Plan for Academic Enrichment,” its ben-efits — such as more internationally-focused faculty, research opportuni-ties and partnerships — will be felt throughout the University.

“We’re talking about Brown’s having a much greater leadership role in higher education around the world and in the world more gener-ally,” Spies said.

Committee members told The Herald they hoped the report’s re-lease would catalyze campus discus-sion about internationalization and perhaps generate further ideas to guide the effort.

“The idea is to provoke and in-spire a lot of conversation,” Andreas said. “(The report) is still very much a work in progress. … It’s the begin-ning of a larger conversation and therefore a larger project.”

Despite recommending that Brown continue to improve and ex-pand its international activities, the report found the University’s efforts already impressive in some areas.

In many cases, the committee found Brown is already active on the international stage. Study abroad programs and language study are strong, a diverse range of curricular options and international research interests already exist and foreign students and faculty make up a substantial part of the University population, the committee found. But, its report said, although the University is already “highly inter-nationalized … Brown’s current repertory of international engage-ment and commitments requires increased communication, cohe-sion, and expansion.”

Some work that began in the committee will now continue be-yond the release of the report, Kertzer said, giving as an example the global health working group’s intention to continue working through the fall to help bring about its envisioned institute.

The committee approached its work from a disciplinary perspec-tive, breaking into six working groups that focused on areas rang-ing from the study of international poverty to science and technol-ogy and the environment. The report’s 10 appendices include the full findings of all of the work-ing groups.

For geographic perspective, the committee received presentations on Brown’s current involvement in Africa, China, the Middle East, Latin America and South Asia.

PAge 6 THe BRoWN DAILY HeRALD MoNDAY, SePTeMBeR 10, 2007

Global health institute, faculty hires proposed in int’l reportcontinued from page 1

MoNDAY, SePTeMBeR 10, 2007 THe BRoWN DAILY HeRALD PAge 7

them aside. Posa said that though Brown’s failure to tie the was disap-pointing, she was pleased with the team’s strong second half attack.

“I was excited about how much pressure we were putting on their keeper,” she said. “I think she played a really good game. I think we got a lot of nice shots off, (and) she made some good saves. We had great move-ment in the circle, which is something that we definitely improved on from last game.”

Both Harrington and Posa praised Hodavance, who finished with six saves. Harrington also commended freshmen Cami Misas ’11, a mid-fielder making her collegiate debut, and Katie Hyland ’11, who played a critical role as the center midfielder in the second half.

Posa also noted the contributions of the freshmen. “We had a lot of young players on the field and they got out there and did their job with confidence,” she said.

The game was played under bright sunshine with a temperature

in the high-80s, but Harrington and Posa both denied that the conditions had an impact on the game. The heat didn’t seem to affect the crowd ei-ther, as more than 400 boisterous fans packed Warner Roof, providing support that fueled the team.

“I love playing on Warner Roof,” Harrington said. “It’s a venue where you feel like the fans are on top of you, and it’s tremendous. Any Brown student deserves to play in that type of arena.”

The Bears must put this loss be-hind them and focus on preparing for the Pioneers of Sacred Heart Uni-versity, who they face Wednesday at 4 p.m. on Warner Roof. One critical area of focus will be improving the team’s first-half play.

“We are very disappointed in the way we began this game today,” Har-rington said. “I certainly think there were aspects today where there were improvements from last Saturday, but we still have to focus ... They are a great group of kids. It’s just getting them consistent and sticking with the game plan from the first whistle to the last whistle.”

Field hockey falls to Dartmouth in opener the White Stripes videos “Fell in

Love with a Girl” and “The Hardest Button to Button.”

Allison discussed how a set of music videos and a film by French avant-garde filmmaker and pho-tographer Man Ray both played with the idea of flatness and motion

and called to the viewer’s attention the medium they were watching. In another set, technology goes to work on the humans present in the films: The black-and-white clip shows how human actions mimic machinery — or is it the other way around? Meanwhile, the music videos (both directed by Gondry) show the White Stripes cheerfully

being controlled by their instru-ments and industrialization taking over the French countryside.

It involves some careful thought and interpretation, but the latest exhibit at the RISD Museum is a great deal of fun, and at the very least, a chance to watch some great music videos. The exhibition runs through Feb. 24, 2008.

Silent film and music videos feature in RISD exhibitcontinued from page 3

he doesn’t think admission officers consult Facebook during the ap-plication “reading season,” he still warned, “Students should definitely be careful,” adding that potential em-ployers could be on Facebook too.

Barmak Nassirian, associate ex-ecutive director of the American As-sociation of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers, was stunned that any admission officers would use Facebook in the admission process. “If they use it, our recom-mendation would be to stop imme-diately because it’s inappropriate,” he said.

Nassirian expressed concern about the importance of bound-aries in checking students’ back-

grounds.“Where do you stop?” Nassirian

asked. If admission officers began to systematically use Facebook, he worried, they might then begin to treat the admission process as an investigation.

The admission process should include only the information the student consents to giving, he said. For an admission officer to look at something the student has not submitted is “highly problematic,” Nassirian said.

Nassirian was to careful to distin-guish between finding information accidentally and seeking it out in media like Facebook. It is accept-able if an admission officer were to accidentally find information about an applicant through a medium other

than the application, he said.Though the practice of check-

ing on college applicants’ Facebook profiles is not widespread, Nassirian said, students should understand that their “behavior out there on the Web is behavior in public.”

Anderson said he has interacted with college applicants on Facebook. One student’s profile picture was “a little bit inappropriate,” Ander-son said, so he sent the student a message advising him to change his picture.

“I don’t look at high school stu-dents who are applying to Brown on the Facebook,” he said. Still, his Facebook profile’s education and work information includes a descrip-tion of his work at Brown: “I’m the Decider.”

continued from page 1

Admission Office checks out applicants on Facebook

M A N ’ S B e S T F R I e N D ?

Rahul Keerthi / HeraldThe Brown Robotics group hosted an interactive robotics and graphics demonstration, fea-turing these dog-like creatures, at the CIT on Friday.

from the game for a defensive sub-stitute, said he was “on the bench literally pulling his hair out.” When the clock hit zero, the Bears had come away with a victory in their first matchup with a top-5 opponent since tying the No. 4 University of California-Berkeley in 2004.

The Bears played Fordham in a very different atmosphere Sunday, but posted the same successful re-

sult. Sheehan nutmegged the Rams goalie after a Fordham defensive lapse in the 26th minute and How-erton volleyed home a shot from the top of the box six minutes later to give the Bears a 2-0 lead.

“I was actually trying to shoot it far-post,” Sheehan, the tournament offensive MVP, said. “I mis-hit it so I was pretty happy to see it go in.”

Fordham struck in the opening minute of the first half, but Brown applied the pressure and created

numerous scoring chances for the rest of the half. Davies provided an insurance goal at the 68:52 when he banged home a beautiful cross-goal feed from Jon Okafor ’11.

The team is hoping that the ban-ner weekend will give the squad momentum for the rest of the year and hopefully another NCAA Tour-nament run in November. Brown will next be in action on Thursday when it hosts Maine at 3:00 on Ste-venson Field.

M. soccer wins big — twicecontinued from page 12

continued from page 12

by the tribe.The sheik who forged the alli-

ance with the Americans, Abdul Sat-tar Abu Risha, traced the decision to fight al-Qaida to Sept. 14, 2006, long before the new Bush strategy, but the president’s plan dispatched another 4,000 U.S. troops to Anbar to exploit the situation. As security improved, the White House eagerly took credit.

The “Anbar Awakening” repre-sented perhaps the most important shift in years, but it generated little debate at the White House. Long before the tribes switched sides, the administration had conducted an exercise to devise policy on how to team up with former insurgents. But when it occurred in reality, it bubbled up from the ground with no Washington involvement. “We’re not smart enough to know the course that these matters might take,” Rice conceded to an Australian newspaper last week.

The alliances generated angst among Maliki and other Shiite lead-ers in Baghdad, who saw the Amer-icans working with Sunni militias and wondered whether such groups would turn against them. “There were a couple times we got from

Maliki very, very alarming, “What are you guys doing?’ messages,” recalled another top official.

Troops and More TroopsAs Petraeus settled into his new

command, he decided to press for 8,000 additional support troops be-yond the 21,500 combat forces the president had committed. Just a week earlier, Gates had told Congress that maybe only 2,000 or 3,000 more might be needed. As he reviewed a briefing sheet in preparation for more testimony, he was annoyed to see a larger request buried on the page. Gates fumed that “this is going to make us look like idiots,” said a defense official. But Gates got Petraeus the troops.

More critical was the defense sec-retary’s decision to extend deploy-ments in Iraq from 12 months to 15 months. The generals told Gates that the extra brigades flowing to Iraq had stretched the military close to the breaking point. “We ran out of forces, that’s what happened,” said a senior Army official. To keep the buildup going and to offer predictability for troops and families, Gates approved the longest overseas combat deploy-ments since World War II.

In doing so, Gates — who three months earlier had said no one

thought the surge would last 18 months — enabled the surge to last almost 18 months. Although that was not the stated reason for the deployment extension, in effect it redefined the troop buildup into a longer mission than first envisioned. Bush aides and U.S. military plan-ners in Iraq then began assuming the extra forces would remain at least through April 2008 — even as Congress was trying to force a timetable for withdrawal through spending legislation.

Lawmakers were not alone. At Centcom, based in Tampa, Fla., Fallon worried that Iraq was un-dermining the military’s ability to confront other threats, such as Iran. “When he took over, the reality hit him that he had to deal with Afghani-stan, the Horn of Africa and a whole bunch of other stuff besides Iraq,” said a top military officer.

Fallon was also derisive of the Iraqi leaders’ intentions and com-petence, leaving him dubious about the surge. “He’s been saying from day one, ‘This isn’t working,’ ” said a senior administration official. And he signaled his departure from Bush by ordering subordinates to avoid the term “long war” — a phrase the president used to describe the fight against terrorism.

To Bush aides, Gates did not seem fully on board with the presi-dent’s strategy, either. As a member of the congressionally chartered Iraq Study Group prior to his selection to head the Pentagon, Gates had embraced proposals to scale back the U.S. presence in Iraq. Now that he was in the Cabinet, he kept his own counsel.

But he consulted regularly with former national security adviser Brent Scowcroft, a noted critic of the Iraq war, told Army audiences privately that a troop decrease was inevitable and tried to avoid Sunday talk shows during the fight over the war-spending bill to preserve rela-tions with lawmakers, according to administration sources. The senior official said Gates fell in the middle of the spectrum, between Petraeus and Fallon.

A Pentagon official said Gates is “very concerned about all of our energy” being devoted to Iraq, an “overcommitment that is consum-ing and distracting us from every-thing else. On the other hand, he knows there can’t be another Saigon. There’s this balance.”

He was not the only skeptic. At the White House, deputy national security adviser Meghan O’Sullivan, who had long held the Iraq portfolio, stepped down and Hadley decided to reorganize. Too many requests from the field were getting bottled up in the Washington bureaucracy, so Hadley decided to find a “war czar” who could knock heads and make things happen. The only problem: More than a half-dozen retired four-star generals turned him down.

At the same time, Gates visited Petraeus in late April just as Con-gress was about to pass war-funding legislation mandating troop with-drawals, a bill Bush would later veto. Under pressure to show re-sults, Gates and Petraeus played for time. A day after Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., declared that “this war is lost,” they decided Petraeus and Crocker would give an update in September.

They hoped that would buy them another five months. What they didn’t anticipate was that a simple progress report would become a

make-or-break moment.

Little Progress to ReportBy that point, there was not much

political progress to report in Iraq. Bush grew aggravated by Maliki’s inability to forge agreements to ad-dress grievances fueling sectarian strife, such as allowing low-level members of Saddam Hussein’s Baath Party back into government, passing a law governing oil revenue distribution and setting provincial elections.

Bush had been using his biweek-ly video conferences with Maliki to shore up the Iraqi leader but he also used the calls to make clear Ameri-can patience had grown short. He pressed Maliki several times on the oil law in particular, irritated that the Iraqis had told him repeatedly that they had a deal only to see it unravel.

Amid heated congressional de-bate that spring, the White House again confronted the question Had-ley had raised in his memo last fall: Could Maliki deliver? “There were some who argued that Maliki was not the best guy for the job,” said a State Department official. “But the answer came back that if you change the prime minister, then any prospect of progress on the political front stops completely while they try to form a new government.”

Bush rejected suggestions to help oust Maliki, reasoning that he was the product of a democratic system the United States helped establish in Iraq, aides said. Moreover, as of-ficials contemplated alternatives, they concluded there was no better potential leader. “There’s no Nelson Mandela in Iraq,” Crocker, the am-bassador, told colleagues back in Washington. “Saddam killed them all.”

But Bush agreed to increase pressure on Maliki by codifying 18 benchmarks set in war-funding leg-islation, such as the oil law and de-Baathification, and asked O’Sullivan to go to Baghdad to help Maliki and other leaders reach consensus.

At the same time, the Maliki government pressed the Americans

PAge 8 THe BRoWN DAILY HeRALD MoNDAY, SePTeMBeR 10, 2007

Congress passes a $122 billion war bill calling for troop withdrawals. Bush approves more troops for the surge.

A National Intelligence Estimate warns that sectarian divisions in Iraq threaten its government.

President Bush addresses the nation to unveil his “new way forward,” sending more troops to Iraq.

Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates extends troop deployments to 15 months. The Senate majority leader says the “war is lost.”

After a Bush veto, Congress passes a war funding bill that mandates status reports in July and September.

Gates says Joint Chiefs Chairman Peter Pace will not be renominated. The total U.S. death toll passes 3,500.

The White House releases an interim report claiming satisfactory progress on half of the benchmarks set by Congress.

Dozens of congressmen travel to Iraq. Sen. John W. Warner (R-Va.) calls for troop redeployments by Christmas.

Ryan C. Crocker arrives in Iraq as ambassador. U.S. troops go to outposts in Baghdad’s most violent areas.

A suicide bomb explodes in a Green Zone cafeteria on April 12. Days later, car bombs kill 191 in Baghdad.

A boost in troops leads to the capture of thousands of detainees, straining jails and detention facilities.

Bombers topple minarets of the Golden Dome mosque in Samarra. Violence shifts to areas around Baghdad.

The U.S. military makes “handshake” agreements with insurgents to fight al- Qaida terrorists.

The main Sunni bloc quits the Maliki government. An Aug. 14 suicide bombing kills at least 400.

Disguised gunmen enter a secure site on Jan. 20 and kill five U.S. troops as more than two dozen die that day.

Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki launches security sweeps in Baghdad. Shiite cleric Moqtada al-Sadr leaves for Iran.

+3,000

132,000 U.S. troops

132,000

168,000

168,000

+10,000

+14,000

+17,000

+36,000

0

5

10

15

20

+28,000

+25,000

U.S. troop totals

BY LAURA STANTON, SETH HAMBLIN, JOSH WHITE AND M.K. CANNISTRA — THE WASHINGTON POST

Measuring the ‘Surge’In January, President Bush announced a new U.S. troop buildup in Iraq, aimed at bolstering security in Baghdad and Anbar province in order to “create space” for political reconciliation and give the government time to rebuild its security forces. Following is a look at the situation in Iraq since the troop increase began.

Indicators of Iraq’s security and infrastructure since the beginning of the surge.

JANUARY FEBRUARY

MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST

EVENTS IN IRAQ

EVENTS IN WASHINGTON

EVENTS IN IRAQ

EVENTS IN WASHINGTON

OTH

ER

J JJF M MA A “This recognizes . . . that our forces are stretched.”

— Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates

Violence “has increased in most provinces, particularly in the outlying areas of Baghdad province and Diyala and Nineveh provinces.”

— Pentagon report to Congress

“There are many differences betweenthe wars we fought in the Far East and the war on terror we are fighting today. But one important similarity is that, at their core, they are all ideological struggles.”— President Bush, comparing Iraq to Vietnam during a speech to the Veterans of Foreign Wars national convention

DEAT

HS

0

100

200

300

Iraqi military and police killed

91

232

76

As of Aug. 26

12

As of July 23

J JJF M MA A0

100

200

300

U.S. troops killed

83 84

J JJF M MA A0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

Iraqi civilian bodiestaken to morgues

3,550

1,584

J JJF M MA A

Attacks on oil and gaspipelines and facilities

J JJF M MA A

U.S. troop increasefrom January:At end of each month(approximate)

ENER

GY

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

ElectricityAverage megawatts generated

3,5904,220 4,340

9.2

1.6711

J JJF M MA A

As of Aug. 28 As of Aug. 28

0

3

6

9

12

15

Gasoline available (domestic

and imported), millions of liters/day

11.2

J JJF M MA A

As of Aug. 19

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Crude oil exportsMillions of barrels/day

1.3

1.76

J JJF M MA A

FORC

ES/S

ECUR

ITY

0

100

200

300

400

Iraqi security forcesIn thousands

323,000359,700

J JJF M MA A0

100

200

300

400

U.S. and coalition troops(excluding Iraqis), in thousands

179,700146,600

14.6 11.7

J JJF M MA A0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

Iraqis in U.S. custody

14,000

23,000

J JJF M MA A

132168

U.S. Coalition

DISP

LACE

MEN

T

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

Iraqis newly displaced fromtheir homes (approximate)

90,000

50,000

J JJF M MA A

2.2 millionNumber of Iraqi

refugees outside the country, including

those from past wars.

1.1 millionNumber of Iraqis

displaced internally because of the war.

37,000Approximate

number of prisoners

in Iraqi custody,

up from fewer than 20,000

in January.

Avg. daily hoursof electricty

JAN:8

AUG:10

14

5

300Number of personnel on provincial reconstruction

teams, which disburse money for projects and advise on civic and economic issues.

SOURCES: Brookings Institution’s “Iraq Index,” Defense Department briefings, State Department officials, UNHCR, Iraqi Health Ministry, staff reports

BY AUGUSTFive combat brigades were added, and the units were reorganized into four divisions.

JANUARYBefore the troop increase, the U.S. military had 15 combat brigades deployed in three divisions throughout Iraq.

Increase past 30,000 is temporary as units leaving and arriving overlap.

50

MILES

GreenZone

BaghdadInt’l

SadrCity

AbuGhraib

Tigris

Tigr

is

Baghdad

1000

MILES

I R A Q

SYRIA

IRAN

TURKEY

JORD

AN

KUWAIT

Tigris

Tigris

Euphrates

Mosul

Kirkuk

ANBAR

NINEVEH

TAMIM

WASIT

KARBALA BABIL

DIYALA

SALAHUDDIN

Baqubah

Najaf

Basra

Ramadi

SAUDI ARABIA

Baghdad (7)

North (4)

West (4)

Combat brigadesin each division

Euphrates

Detail below

NN

NN

NN

NN

BB

BB

BB BBBB

BB

BB

NN

WW

WW

WW

WW WW

BB

Each brigade represents about 3,500 troops. Support troops not shown.

50

MILES

GreenZone

BaghdadInt’l

SadrCity

AbuGhraib

Tigris

Tigr

is

Baghdad

1000

MILES

I R A Q

SYRIA

IRAN

TURKEY

JORD

AN

KUWAIT

Tigris

Tigris

Euphrates

Mosul

Kirkuk

ANBAR

NINEVEH

TAMIM

WASIT

KARBALA BABIL

DIYALA

SALAHUDDIN

Baqubah

Najaf

Basra

Ramadi

SAUDI ARABIA

Baghdad (6)

North (6)

West (4)

Central (4)

Combat brigadesin each division

Euphrates

Detail below

NN

NN

NNNN

NN

NN

WWWW WW WW

BB

BB

BB

BB

BB

BB

NN

WW

CC

CC

CCCC

CC

BB

Iraq ‘surge’ questioned as Gen. Petraeus to give report todaycontinued from page 5

continued on page 9

MoNDAY, SePTeMBeR 10, 2007 THe BRoWN DAILY HeRALD PAge 9

to sit down with Iranian officials in hopes of stopping Tehran from fund-ing and arming Shiite militias. Bush had rejected proposals by the Iraq Study Group and others to talk with Iran, but Rice decided it was time.

When Rice told Crocker to get ready for talks with Iran, he asked her the “blindingly obvious” ques-tion of whether Vice President Dick Cheney would allow it, a U.S. official said. Rice, according to the official, told Crocker that it “wasn’t your lane,” adding, “I’ll work it back here. That’s not your problem.”

Rice overcame resistance from Cheney for talks with both Syria and Iran, and Crocker met an Iranian en-voy in Baghdad. In the end, the talks led nowhere. Around the same time, Sadr decided to leave his seclusion in Iran and return to Iraq, arriving in a showy motorcade to deliver a trademark anti-American sermon. But he has been unable to assert as much control as before, according to U.S. intelligence officials.

Anbar now looked even more successful, and while Americans had originally considered the situa-tion unique, they began considering ways to replicate it. As part of the new Bush strategy, Rice had estab-lished 10 provincial reconstruction teams around Iraq to work with lo-cal officials rather than rely on the ineffectual central government. In speeches, Bush began hailing “bot-tom-up” reconciliation.

Lt. Gen. Raymond T. Odierno, Petraeus’s deputy, sent a memo to U.S. commanders in Iraq urging them to seek local deals like that in Anbar through reward money, and non-lethal aid such as radios, clothes and telephones. “Reconcili-ation is local,” he wrote, “and there is no one-size-fits-all solution to this complex problem.”

From Skeptic to war CzarBy the time Lt. Gen. Douglas E.

Lute arrived at the White House as the war czar overseeing Iraq and Afghanistan, the president’s aides were deep in the throes of writing an interim report on the benchmarks due to Congress on July 15. Like many of his former colleagues at the Pentagon, Lute had been a skeptic of the surge. Now he was charged

with making it successful.He showed up the first few days

wearing his uniform before realizing that it would be better to switch to a suit. Unlike his predecessor, Lute briefed the president at 7 a.m. ev-ery day, giving him clout to resolve thorny matters. He told his staff to narrow down their priorities from 100 issues to the top 20.

His first task was the draft report to Congress, which he deemed ex-cessively positive. The draft claimed satisfactory progress on twice as many benchmarks as unsatisfacto-ry, despite the Iraqi government’s failure to meet most political or eco-nomic goals.

On one benchmark, the State De-partment wanted to say the Iraqis were making satisfactory progress spending their own money on re-construction, while the Treasury Department disagreed. Lute decided the goal was not being met. “He said we’ve got to call a ball either out or in and this one was out,” recalled one official involved. The White House eventually split the differ-ence, judging that benchmark as “partially-met.”

Lute also arrived at a time of renewed political alarm inside the White House, as leading establish-ment Republicans, including Sens. Richard Lugar of Indiana, Pete Do-menici of New Mexico and George Voinovich of Ohio, broke with Bush’s policy. Aides urged Bush to empha-size how the troop buildup would lead to eventual troop withdrawals once security was established. The president rejected that, concluding that if he “showed leg,” as one aide put it, it would only encourage more Republicans to defect.

Another new arrival in the West Wing set up a rapid-response unit hard-wired into Petraeus’s shop. Ed-ward Gillespie, the new presidential counselor, organized daily confer-ence calls at 7:45 a.m. and again in late afternoon between the White House, Pentagon, State Department and U.S. Embassy and military in Baghdad to map out ways of selling the surge.

The White House communica-tions office from the start of the Bush plan had been blitzing an e-mail list of as many as 5,000 journalists, lawmakers, lobbyists, conservative bloggers, military groups and oth-

ers with talking points or rebuttals of criticism. Between Jan. 10 and last week, the office put out 93 such documents in various categories — “Myths/Facts” or “Setting the Record Straight” to take issue with negative news articles or “In Case You Missed It” to distribute positive articles or speeches.

Gillespie arranged several presi-dential speeches to make strategic arguments, such as comparing Iraq to Vietnam or warning of Iranian interference. When critics assailed Bush for overstating ties between al-Qaida and the group called al-Qaida in Iraq, Gillespie organized a Bush speech to make his case. “The whole idea is to take these things on before they become conventional wisdom,” said White House communications director Kevin Sullivan. “We have a very short window.”

Positive MessagesPetraeus was doing his part in

Baghdad, hosting dozens of lawmak-ers and military scholars for Power-Point presentations on why the Bush strategy had made gains. Many Re-publicans and even Democrats came home impressed and suddenly even critics were agreeing that Petraeus had made some progress in security even though the Iraqi political situa-tion remained a mess. Petraeus also persuaded intelligence officials to revise some key judgments of a new National Intelligence Estimate on Iraq to reflect security gains.

Some visitors suspected a skewed picture. “We only saw things that reinforced their message that the surge was working,” said Rep. Jan Schakowsky, D-Ill.

But Bush understood the “breath-ing space” had yielded little political reconciliation. He was impressed by Maliki’s decisiveness after the June

bombing of minarets at the Golden Mosque in Samarra, avoiding the vio-lence that followed the destruction of the temple a year earlier. But as summer wore on, Bush grew blunt in his conference calls with Maliki. As one aide recalled, “He would say, “Hey, you told me you were going to do X, Y and Z. What happened? Are you going to get agreement on these key pieces of legislation or not?”’

In Baghdad, Crocker, the ambas-sador, and O’Sullivan pressed Maliki to reach consensus with four other Iraqi leaders representing Sunnis, Shiites and Kurds. In late August the five announced agreement on a path forward on stalled legislation such as de-Baathification. A week later, Bush made a surprise visit to Anbar where he met with Maliki and the others to congratulate them, then met with the sheiks to highlight the success of the U.S.-tribal coalition.

“I sensed a more optimistic feel-ing among the Americans and Iraqis than ever before,” said Iraqi Vice President Adel Abdul Mahdi. “All of us sensed a much better security situation. ... If we had talked about a meeting in Anbar with Bush and

his team six months earlier, no one would have believed us.”

The trip energized Bush and his team. Even Gates said he was more optimistic than he had ever been since taking office. While the sec-retary had been “cagey” in the past, a senior defense official said, “He’s come to the conclusion that what Petraeus is doing is actually more effective than what he thought.”

But the trip did not end the de-bate. Fallon has made the case that Petraeus’s recommendations should consider the political reality in Wash-ington and lay out a guide to troop withdrawals, while Petraeus has re-sisted that beyond a possible token pullout of a brigade early next year, according to military officials. The Joint Chiefs have been sympathetic to Fallon’s view.

In an interview Friday, Fallon said he and Petraeus have reached accommodation about Monday’s tes-timony. “The most important thing is I’m very happy with what Dave has recommended,” he said. As for the earlier discussions, he begged off. “It’s too politically charged right now.”

Congress passes a $122 billion war bill calling for troop withdrawals. Bush approves more troops for the surge.

A National Intelligence Estimate warns that sectarian divisions in Iraq threaten its government.

President Bush addresses the nation to unveil his “new way forward,” sending more troops to Iraq.

Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates extends troop deployments to 15 months. The Senate majority leader says the “war is lost.”

After a Bush veto, Congress passes a war funding bill that mandates status reports in July and September.

Gates says Joint Chiefs Chairman Peter Pace will not be renominated. The total U.S. death toll passes 3,500.

The White House releases an interim report claiming satisfactory progress on half of the benchmarks set by Congress.

Dozens of congressmen travel to Iraq. Sen. John W. Warner (R-Va.) calls for troop redeployments by Christmas.

Ryan C. Crocker arrives in Iraq as ambassador. U.S. troops go to outposts in Baghdad’s most violent areas.

A suicide bomb explodes in a Green Zone cafeteria on April 12. Days later, car bombs kill 191 in Baghdad.

A boost in troops leads to the capture of thousands of detainees, straining jails and detention facilities.

Bombers topple minarets of the Golden Dome mosque in Samarra. Violence shifts to areas around Baghdad.

The U.S. military makes “handshake” agreements with insurgents to fight al- Qaida terrorists.

The main Sunni bloc quits the Maliki government. An Aug. 14 suicide bombing kills at least 400.

Disguised gunmen enter a secure site on Jan. 20 and kill five U.S. troops as more than two dozen die that day.

Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki launches security sweeps in Baghdad. Shiite cleric Moqtada al-Sadr leaves for Iran.

+3,000

132,000 U.S. troops

132,000

168,000

168,000

+10,000

+14,000

+17,000

+36,000

0

5

10

15

20

+28,000

+25,000

U.S. troop totals

BY LAURA STANTON, SETH HAMBLIN, JOSH WHITE AND M.K. CANNISTRA — THE WASHINGTON POST

Measuring the ‘Surge’In January, President Bush announced a new U.S. troop buildup in Iraq, aimed at bolstering security in Baghdad and Anbar province in order to “create space” for political reconciliation and give the government time to rebuild its security forces. Following is a look at the situation in Iraq since the troop increase began.

Indicators of Iraq’s security and infrastructure since the beginning of the surge.

JANUARY FEBRUARY

MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST

EVENTS IN IRAQ

EVENTS IN WASHINGTON

EVENTS IN IRAQ

EVENTS IN WASHINGTON

OTH

ER

J JJF M MA A “This recognizes . . . that our forces are stretched.”

— Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates

Violence “has increased in most provinces, particularly in the outlying areas of Baghdad province and Diyala and Nineveh provinces.”

— Pentagon report to Congress

“There are many differences betweenthe wars we fought in the Far East and the war on terror we are fighting today. But one important similarity is that, at their core, they are all ideological struggles.”— President Bush, comparing Iraq to Vietnam during a speech to the Veterans of Foreign Wars national convention

DEAT

HS

0

100

200

300

Iraqi military and police killed

91

232

76

As of Aug. 26

12

As of July 23

J JJF M MA A0

100

200

300

U.S. troops killed

83 84

J JJF M MA A0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

Iraqi civilian bodiestaken to morgues

3,550

1,584

J JJF M MA A

Attacks on oil and gaspipelines and facilities

J JJF M MA A

U.S. troop increasefrom January:At end of each month(approximate)

ENER

GY

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

ElectricityAverage megawatts generated

3,5904,220 4,340

9.2

1.6711

J JJF M MA A

As of Aug. 28 As of Aug. 28

0

3

6

9

12

15

Gasoline available (domestic

and imported), millions of liters/day

11.2

J JJF M MA A

As of Aug. 19

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Crude oil exportsMillions of barrels/day

1.3

1.76

J JJF M MA A

FORC

ES/S

ECUR

ITY

0

100

200

300

400

Iraqi security forcesIn thousands

323,000359,700

J JJF M MA A0

100

200

300

400

U.S. and coalition troops(excluding Iraqis), in thousands

179,700146,600

14.6 11.7

J JJF M MA A0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

Iraqis in U.S. custody

14,000

23,000

J JJF M MA A

132168

U.S. Coalition

DISP

LACE

MEN

T

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

Iraqis newly displaced fromtheir homes (approximate)

90,000

50,000

J JJF M MA A

2.2 millionNumber of Iraqi

refugees outside the country, including

those from past wars.

1.1 millionNumber of Iraqis

displaced internally because of the war.

37,000Approximate

number of prisoners

in Iraqi custody,

up from fewer than 20,000

in January.

Avg. daily hoursof electricty

JAN:8

AUG:10

14

5

300Number of personnel on provincial reconstruction

teams, which disburse money for projects and advise on civic and economic issues.

SOURCES: Brookings Institution’s “Iraq Index,” Defense Department briefings, State Department officials, UNHCR, Iraqi Health Ministry, staff reports

BY AUGUSTFive combat brigades were added, and the units were reorganized into four divisions.

JANUARYBefore the troop increase, the U.S. military had 15 combat brigades deployed in three divisions throughout Iraq.

Increase past 30,000 is temporary as units leaving and arriving overlap.

50

MILES

GreenZone

BaghdadInt’l

SadrCity

AbuGhraib

Tigris

Tigr

is

Baghdad

1000

MILES

I R A Q

SYRIA

IRAN

TURKEY

JORD

AN

KUWAIT

Tigris

Tigris

Euphrates

Mosul

Kirkuk

ANBAR

NINEVEH

TAMIM

WASIT

KARBALA BABIL

DIYALA

SALAHUDDIN

Baqubah

Najaf

Basra

Ramadi

SAUDI ARABIA

Baghdad (7)

North (4)

West (4)

Combat brigadesin each division

Euphrates

Detail below

NN

NN

NN

NN

BB

BB

BB BBBB

BB

BB

NN

WW

WW

WW

WW WW

BB

Each brigade represents about 3,500 troops. Support troops not shown.

50

MILES

GreenZone

BaghdadInt’l

SadrCity

AbuGhraib

Tigris

Tigr

is

Baghdad

1000

MILES

I R A Q

SYRIA

IRAN

TURKEY

JORD

AN

KUWAIT

Tigris

Tigris

Euphrates

Mosul

Kirkuk

ANBAR

NINEVEH

TAMIM

WASIT

KARBALA BABIL

DIYALA

SALAHUDDIN

Baqubah

Najaf

Basra

Ramadi

SAUDI ARABIA

Baghdad (6)

North (6)

West (4)

Central (4)

Combat brigadesin each division

Euphrates

Detail below

NN

NN

NNNN

NN

NN

WWWW WW WW

BB

BB

BB

BB

BB

BB

NN

WW

CC

CC

CCCC

CC

BB

Washington Post photo (below) by Sudarsan Raghavan / graphic (above) by the Washington Post

An Iraqi woman (below) complains to Maj. Ron Minty, of granby, Colo., in Baghdad’s Dora marketplace.continued from page 8

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eDiTorial & leTTersPAge 10 THe BRoWN DAILY HeRALD MoNDAY, SePTeMBeR 10, 2007

S t a f f e d i t o r i a l

R O X A N N E P A L M E R

Wielding the power of her presidencyThe University and College Union’s proposed boycott of Israeli professors and academic institutions is the wrong response to what the UCU describes as “the denial of educational rights for Palestinians” in Israel. And at first glance, President Simmons’ decision not to include her name on an ex-tensive list of university presidents across the country who condemned the proposed boycott seemed a surprisingly silent reaction to what has become a complicated, emotional and divisive situation.

The absence of Simmons’ name from a New York Times advertisement signed by almost 300 university presidents was initially baffling given that the letter’s stance exhibited rare unity among American university presidents — a group that, these days, focuses more on fundraising than intellectual leadership. The agreement of 286 university presidents sends a powerful message that such a boycott is antithetical to the purposes of higher education, where politics should not interfere with the expansion and transmission of knowledge.

Though Simmons’ personal letter to the UCU shows that her position is in line with the letter published in the Times, her decision to forgo that letter for a personal one drew more questions about why she chose not to be included than it brought attention to her, and Brown’s, stance on the boycott. Rather than highlighting her well-considered reasons for not sign-ing on and voicing her views in her own words, Simmons’ quiet decision to opt out suggested hesitancy to take a stand.

Simmons told The Herald the advertisement didn’t fully address why the boycott is objectionable and that she sought a “salient and more prolonged” argument instead. But the advertisement did not simply broadcast opposition to the boycott. It meaningfully signaled that these academics are willing to use the power of their presidencies to speak out in the public square.

By not signing the joint letter — and by not publicizing her indepen-dently written letter — Simmons sent a mixed message that she may not have intended to.

Simmons’ comfort crafting intelligent and thought-provoking positions on several subjects has been a key characteristic of her half-decade at Brown’s helm. It’s likely her tenure will be remembered in large part for her bold decision to use the presidential pulpit to commission an investiga-tion into Brown’s ties to slavery. And Simmons’ letter to the UCU and her comments on this issue to The Herald have been impressively thoughtful and insightful.

Speaking with The Herald, Simmons expressed a laudable desire to engage students and faculty on this topic now that the academic year is underway. Most students are either unaware or uninformed about the is-sues raised by the UCU, but many would react passionately on either side of the debate if the University were to host a forum or campus discussion about the boycott.

In an era of cliche apathy among college students, Simmons could use-fully attract the campus’ attention to other issues if she so chose. And we’d like to hear her thoughts more often. In what are likely her last several years as one of the United States’ most popular and visible university presidents, we hope Simmons will decide to speak out on matters of great significance, without waiting for her fellow university presidents to take the lead.

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Brown v. Board of Ed. remains intactTo the Editor:

Although I applaud Lindsey Meyers ’09 for draw-ing our attention to the potential long-term effects of President Bush’s Supreme Court appointments (“Bush leaves his mark — and it’s not Iraq,” Sept. 5), her article gets an important point wrong.

The Court’s recent decision in the Parents Involved in Community Schools case does not contradict anything it decided in Brown v. Board of Education, which merely struck down laws mandating the racial segregation of schools. Specifically, the court in Brown v. Board did not assert the constitutionality of using race as a factor in assigning students to schools as it later did in Swann

v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education. It is thus the Swann case and not Brown v. Board on which the Court has reversed itself.

Of course, it is more exciting to accuse Bush’s ap-pointees of being responsible for the overturning of Brown v. Board, probably the most cherished Supreme Court decision, than of Swann, which no one has ever heard of. But the Court has actually been true to Brown v. Board in this recent case — both decisions simply commanded school districts “to stop discriminating on the basis of race.”

Casey Marks ‘01.5 gSSept. 5

join the herald.

come to an info session at our officetuesday, sept. 11monday, sept. 17

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I did not want my first column of the se-mester to be a response to a fellow columnist and friend, but my Democratic heart could not help itself after reading James Shapiro’s Sept. 6 column “Rethinking Kidney Markets.” To be fair, the column highlights a lot of very real problems with the kidney donation system (and the organ donation system overall) as it exists in the status quo. However, the solution does not lie in trading organs on the open market. I will offer two alternatives that do not incur the same negative moral repercussions. In doing so, I hope to advance the idea that we can make the system work better for every American, rather than just a privileged few. No citizen should be socially or economically induced to “part with an extraneous append-age” in order to “help pay for a house.” One’s second kidney is far from extraneous — it’s a life insurance policy on oneself and one’s family that working Americans should not have an economic incentive to eschew.

First, let’s make one distinction perfectly clear that the original column did not — there are two different paths by which a kidney gets from a donor to a recipient. According to the National Institutes of Health, while one source of kidneys is living donors (the source that James’s column focuses on), about two-thirds of the roughly 17,000 kidneys transplanted into the bodies of recipients each year come from the recently dead.

Shapiro says, “Critics of kidney sales often imagine grisly scenes in which rich patients harvest kidneys from the desperately poor. But studies of (live) kidney donors indicate that the long-term health risks … are minor.” This argument doesn’t deny that rich people would still exploit the destitute; instead it just

urges us not to feel bad about it because the vast majority of poor folks donating will be okay. Even this assertion, however, is dubious. Shapiro touts a 1997 study that tracked 430 donors who donated kidneys at some point during a 30-year period; none died from kidney failure. But in the last 19 years alone, 83,616 living people donated one of their kidneys to someone in need. For those of you without a calculator handy, 430 is about 0.5 percent of 83,616. We cannot universalize from a sample size this small.

The question, however, is not ultimately about the health risks. It is about the values of our society and what kind of message we send when we allow the desperate to go un-der the knife and risk their lives (and their family’s well-being) to benefit society’s most advantaged. Shapiro claims that people take riskier or more dangerous jobs all the time

in exchange for higher wages, but those jobs are usually vital to the very survival of society itself. The world we all live in would be very frightening with no military, no law enforce-ment and no firefighters to protect us, for example. Hence, the wages they earn must include a premium to compensate them for the danger they incur. Unfortunately, the very act of adjusting a person’s wage by consider-ing death risk inherently cheapens the value of human life by assigning a monetary value to it.

As a consequence, we try to minimize eco-nomic transactions that have these negative social impacts (like the commodification of human life or human dignity) as much as we can. That’s why we make it unlawful for people to sell themselves into indentured servitude, prostitute themselves, sell their babies in a compensated adoption market, or

broker contracts with would-be mad scientists as subjects in wholly unethical medical or behavioral experiments. We similarly out-law a cash-for-kidneys exchange and should continue to do so.

Upholding our most cherished American values and helping people in need of kidneys are not mutually exclusive. One way to solve the kidney shortage problem is to change organ donation from an opt-in system to an opt-out system. Many people are simply apathetic and resolve to “become a donor eventually,” then die before getting around to it. If the default position was “donor,” those who for religious or personal reasons want to be buried with all of their organs could still have those final wishes respected. Every-one else who doesn’t care enough to fill out the “opt-out form” and places higher value on getting the hell out of the Department of Motor Vehicles three minutes earlier is still included. In the event of child death, parents could act as proxies for the deceased. This would add significantly to the pool of available organs and could greatly reduce the need for family members or close friends to engage in live donation.

Another reform might be to give yearly tax credits to those who register as organ donors, as the states of Georgia and Wiscon-sin have done — after all, donors are saving the taxpayers money from being spent on costly dialysis treatments. Smart economic policy gives people an economic incentive to do something good, rather than something that is self-destructive (or exploitative). The government’s job shouldn’t be to intervene in free markets — its job is to ensure that market systems are structured in a way that inspires us to live up to our highest and best selves.

Don Trella ’08 thinks Brown should neverthe-less hang on to the Hutchings-Votey organ

for itself.

Last Wednesday, I went out for my first day of classes with a shopping list of 15 courses and absolutely no idea what I’d be taking. Eagerly, I signed up for everything — even courses outside my usual fields — and added new courses to my list each time a friend invited me to tag along to class. All week, I ran into fellow seniors who were just as unsure of their plans as I was.

On Friday, standing in the never-ending line at the bookstore, buying books for two out of my four classes, I eavesdropped on four freshmen with their schedules all set in stone. Two of them hadn’t shopped at all; one had shopped a little but had shied away from classes filled mostly by upperclassmen. The fourth one said she wasn’t sure if she was “allowed” to take certain courses without the listed prerequisites. In a class later that after-noon, I heard a freshman beg a professor to let her into a class, even though the professor had announced at the beginning that the class was open enrollment.

How come all the upperclassmen I know—who have concentration requirements to fill,—just want to shop around, while all the fresh-men—who have the most room to choose—are so concerned about rules? What ever happened to the lack of structure Brown is famous for?

This semester I’ve been thinking quite a bit about curricular changes, since I came back to find the registrar’s pink slips replaced by Banner. And much as I love the convenience of registering online, I wonder if this technologi-

cal upgrade isn’t a veiled policy change to the New Curriculum.

After all, with online registration, it’s easier to enforce course caps, since the system can simply block a student from choosing a course that is full. In the next version of Banner, the system will also bar students from classes deemed too advanced for them.

Technically, course caps and prerequisites have always been a part of Brown classes. But in my time here, I’ve found that they were largely unobserved restrictions. A student who pushed hard enough, visited office hours or wrote passionate e-mails could always get into a class.

The best moments in my Brown academic experience have been two seminars for which, technically, I was unqualified. One was a se-nior history seminar I took as a freshman, the other an economics seminar I took with no prior economics background and complete mathematical illiteracy. In both classes, I was in over my head. In both classes, I worked harder and needed more of my professors’ help during office hours than a “qualified” student might have. Neither is a course I regret.

Meanwhile, in the classes I’ve taken inside

my comfort zone, some of the best moments have come from conversations in section with students for whom the class was a branching out. The class discussion was always made more valuable by having people of different approaches and academic backgrounds in the room. Older students, like myself, may barge into professors’ offices to get them to override the system and sign us up for a class. But freshmen coming into this system might simply accept it, and over time, as those of us who remember the “old” Brown graduate, fol-lowing the rules might become the norm.

Brown’s strength as an institution has al-ways been our ability to offer something dif-

ferent from our peer colleges, not only in our academics but in the free-choice culture our curriculum encourages. Older friends who graduated from Brown in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s have similar stories of taking academic risks, but even more interesting are the stories of students who have taken years off to do non-academic work, travel or volunteer, and have managed to get credit for this, as part of their education as citizens of the world.

I worry that I have come to Brown just in time to experience that academic diversity

and individualism before it’s swept away by Banner and other “upgrades” the University is contemplating. Just last year, the University came eerily close to re-instituting pluses and minuses in our grading system.

I’m far from an opponent of technology, but it would not have been difficult to institute an online registration system that replicated the freedom of the old system. Recognizing that with the paper slips, rules like prerequisites and course caps went largely unheeded, the University could have made those regulations into suggestions or warnings in the new course catalog, while still allowing students to sign up.

Professors could still determine course size during shopping period, based on seniority or writing samples and portfolios, as many professors under the old system did. With the current system, a student can be barred from a class without ever having the chance to shop it.

Part of me wonders if these policy changes through technology are deliberate. In the last decade Brown has made a concerted effort to shake its reputation as the “hippie” Ivy by investing in new facilities, fundraising heavily and trying to get our name higher up on the U.S. World and News Report rankings. Mean-while, according to the Princeton Review, we’re no longer the nation’s happiest students.

I have lost count of the number of students I know who chose Brown over another top col-lege because they knew it would be different. I’d hate to see that difference vanish in our zeal to get online.

Maha Atal ’08 likes things the old-fashioned way.

opinionsMoNDAY, SePTeMBeR 10, 2007 THe BRoWN DAILY HeRALD PAge 11

A eulogy for pink registration slips

The cost of buying an organ is more than just monetary

I worry that I have come to Brown just

in time to experience that academic

diversity and individualism before it’s

swept away by Banner.

No citizen should be socially or

economically induced to “part with an

extraneous appendage” in order to “help

pay for a house.” one’s second kidney is

far from extraneous — it’s a life insurance

policy on oneself and one’s family that

working Americans should not have an

economic incentive to eschew.

BY MAHA ATALopinionS ColuMniSt

BY DoN TReLLAopinionS ColuMniSt

By PETER CIPPARONESportS editor

The men’s soccer team could hardly have cooked up a better weekend. On Friday night, the Bears thrilled a massive crowd with a 2-1 victory over No. 5 Santa Clara University. After a day off, the Bears dominated Fordham University en route to a 3-1 win Sunday and their first Adidas-Brown Classic championship since the 2003 season.

Following two straight NCAA Tournament seasons, Brown opened its 2007 season with one of its biggest victories in several years. Brown off-set Santa Clara’s speed with intensity from the opening minutes, but it could not stop the Broncos from getting on the board first. Santa Clara displayed its offensive skill when forward Brian Martin beat two defenders dribbling from the right corner to just inside the 18-yard box, then chipped a ball to Jide Ogunbiyi in the middle of the box. Ogunbiyi, one of the tallest play-ers on the field, pounded a header into the top of the net to give the visi-tors the early lead.

The Bears hung with Santa Clara in the first half and tested the Bron-cos’ defense on multiple occasions. Darren Howerton ’09 struck a few dangerous corner kicks that skirted through the box, and Stephen Sawyer ’09 and Rhett Bernstein ’09 succeeded in keeping the Broncos off the board with numerous defensive stops.

“I thought we played extremely well in the first half,” said Head Coach Mike Noonan. “It was a clas-sic hard-fought college soccer game all the way through. The goal was pretty much a fluke — we missed a tackle, the ball popped through and they put it in.”

Undaunted by the deficit, Brown opened the second half with a bang. Just four minutes into the second half, David Walls ’11, playing in his first collegiate game, swung a cross into the box from the right flank. Dy-lan Sheehan ’09 met the ball high in the air and redirected it past the sprawling Broncos goalkeeper and into the top corner of the net, send-ing the College Hill Kickoff crowd into a frenzy.

But the Bears were far from fin-ished. After up-and-down play for the next few minutes, Sheehan received the ball at midfield with enough time to collect himself and chip the ball to a streaking Kevin Davies ’08 at the top of the 18-yard box. Santa Clara goalkeeper Joseph Buttitta charged off his line, but Davies reached the ball first. He hit a shot from just out-side the box that skipped into the empty net.

“Dylan flicked it over the defend-ers head, and I just put it over the

goalie and into the net,” Davies said. “It was a great pass.”

Brown maintained its form for much of the rest of the half, but by the waning stages of the contest the Bears collapsed into a completely defensive position. At one point in the final five minutes, all 11 players positioned themselves inside the 18-yard box, and the entire team essentially played kickball in order to run out the clock. Davies, removed

By ANDREw BRACASportS Staff Writer

Saturday afternoon the field hock-ey team dropped its home opener to Dartmouth, 2-1, in a hotly con-tested game on Warner Roof. Even though the result was disappoint-ing, the Bears showed significant improvement after a rocky start in the previous Saturday’s 3-1 loss to the University of Vermont.

The Big Green came roaring out of the gate, controlling the initial min-utes with several scoring chances before Ashley Hines flicked the ball past screened Bears’ goaltender Kristen Hodavance ’08 at 6:59 of the first half.

First-year Head Coach Tara Har-rington ’94 admitted the Bears started sluggishly.

“I think that we didn’t transform the great energy we had in the pre-game into the game in the first few minutes,” she said. “Dartmouth’s a very good team. They’re very fast with the ball and strong. We sat back a little bit and let them come into our defensive end and they capitalized. I think we played a little timid.”

The score remained 1-0 for the next 20 minutes as both teams blew scoring chances until Dartmouth capitalized again. After the Bears suc-cessfully defended a penalty corner, Katy Hagy knocked home a pass at 27:21 to give Dartmouth a 2-0 lead it took into halftime. Dartmouth out-shot Brown 9-6 in the first half.

After the sluggish first half, Brown rebounded and outplayed Dartmouth in the final 35 minutes.

“I think that the kids started to settle in,” Harrington said. “We started to move the ball better. … Our forwards were getting the ball and making nice runs upfield. As a unit we were moving and shifting together. And we were just more confident.”

Just 2:33 into the second half, that improved play resulted in a goal. After Dartmouth goaltender Jordan Sed-lacek blocked a shot from Victoria Sacco ’09 off a penalty corner, Andrea Posa ’08 collected the rebound and slipped it into the back of the cage, trimming the deficit to one.

Despite several golden scoring opportunities in the latter stages of the second half, Brown was never

able to tie the game. The Bears tested the Dartmouth backline repeatedly, but Sedlacek consistently turned the

sporTs MonDayPAge 12 THe BRoWN DAILY HeRALD MoNDAY, SePTeMBeR 10, 2007

M. soccer starts with big win at Classic

Big Green use first half to drop field hockey

Volleyball team visits Miami for Hurricane InvitationalBy AMy EHRHARTaSSiStant SportS editor

The volleyball team traveled to the University of Miami to play in the Hurricane Invitational over the weekend. Although Brown won only one of its three matches at the Hurricane Invitational, it stayed close to some tough non-conference competition in all but one of its 11 games. “There was only one game where our serve-receive fell apart,” said Head Coach Diane Short, referring to the first game against Miami. “This has been one of our most consistent tournaments in the last four years.”

After losing to the University of Delaware 30-25, 23-30, 30-23, 30-16 on Friday night and Miami 30-15, 30-23, 30-23 early Saturday, the Bears rebounded for a win against Loyola University of Chicago 30-26, 27-30, 30-28, 30-28 in their final match.

Brown’s hitting and defense were the highlights of a match against Delaware. Megan Toman ’11 posted a double-double of 17 kills and 20 digs in her collegiate debut at outside hitter.

“She’s a smart hitter, with very good ball control, and she’s played on a very high level club team,” Short said.

Any freshman jitters Toman had were nowhere to be found on the court.

“I felt pretty well prepared,” To-man said. “The girls (on the other team) were big, but I just went out there and played volleyball.”

Julie Mandolini-Trummel ’08 and Lillie Cohn ’09 added 11 and 10 kills respectively from the middle and right side. Short praised Cohn’s play especially, commenting that “Lillie really had a breakout tourna-ment for us.”

The Delaware match was the Bears’ first match of the season, but the Blue Hens were undefeated through eight matches, so Short was happy that her team took at least one game. A key to that vic-tory was a defensive change in

the back row for the Bears. They switched from a rotating, closer proximity defense to a wider and more spreadout perimeter defense to help combat Delaware’s taller hitters. They pulled the switch in the Loyola match as well.

“We play both defenses well, but when you play bigger teams, you have to switch defenses ac-cordingly, and it really helps,” said captain Katie Lapinski ’08, who led all liberos on the weekend with 6.36 digs per game.

“A team that can adapt well in the middle of a game like that is going to win games,” Short added. In their win against the Ramblers, the Bears’ defense and hitting con-tinued to win valuable points in a close match.

Cohn, Mandolini-Trummel and Toman all contributed double-digits in kills again, while Natalie Meyers ’09 contributed 42 assists at setter. There was a void at outside hitter though, as Lyndse Yess ’09 was sick and unable to play in the last game. Kiana Alzate ’10 filled in nicely with eight kills.

Danielle Vaughan ’10 was an-other underclassmen who stepped up with higher hitting percentages and at least seven kills a game. To-man and Yess led the team in kills against Miami, but the rest of the team was shut down by Miami’s huge blockers who limited Bruno to a .094 hitting percentage overall.

“We played well considering the other teams have been playing for a while compared to us,” Toman said. For her outstanding efforts throughout the weekend, Toman earned a spot on the all-tournament team.

“It was kind of a shock, but I’ve felt really well prepared,” Toman said. “All the girls are so positive on the court.”

“Everyone who saw the court played well this weekend,” Short said. “I know we’re a much im-proved team over last year. I know this team, and I feel very confident. I think we’re going to surprise some people.”

Ashley Hess / HeraldBoisterous, shirtless fans looked on as the field hockey team fell to Dartmouth in Sat-urday’s home game.

Ashley Hess / HeraldAndrea Posa ’08 scored Brown’s lone goal in Saturday’s home opener.

continued on page 7

continued on page 7

Ashley Hess / HeraldDylan Sheehan ’09 scored two goals in the Bears’ two wins over the weekend.