Monday, October 26 “C” Day Noncommunicable Diseases: What You Should Know

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Monday, October 26 “C” Day

• Noncommunicable Diseases: What You Should Know

Chapter 14Noncommunicable Diseases

Lesson 14.1 Noncommunicable Diseases: What You Should Know

Lesson 14.2 Diseases of the Blood Vessels and Heart

Lesson 14.3 Cancer: Cells Out of Control

Lesson 14.4 Diabetes, Allergies, Asthma, and Arthritis

Noncommunicable Diseases: What You

Should Know

Lesson 14.1

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Warm-Up

Noncommunicable Diseases

What are some risk factors related to developing heart disease and cancer?

What are some steps you can take to avoid or manage these risk factors?

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Noncommunicable Disease and Homeostasis

• Noncommunicable diseases are those that cannot be spread through person-to-person contact

• When the body maintains homeostasis, the body is healthy

• If the body departs from homeostasis, it will enter a state of disease

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Risk Factors

• Lifestyle choices and the environment are key areas that indicate a person’s risk factor for certain diseases

• Scientists have identified genes, especially mutated genes, that increase the risk for developing certain diseases

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Click here for the Unit 5 video, “‘No Big Deal,’ or Is It?”

http://www.g-wlearning.com/health/9781619609488/student/bm01/video05.htm

http://www.g-wlearning.com/health/9781619609488/student/bm01/video05.htm


Disease Characteristics

• Certain characteristics are associated with noncommunicable diseases

• Acute diseases occur suddenly and resolve fairly quickly

• Chronic illnesses may not heal for years and can cause permanent disability or health complications

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A cold is an example of an acute disease.


Disease Characteristics

• A prognosis is the probable outcome of a disease, including the duration and severity

• A relapse is a recurrence of a disease

• A complication is a new problem or related disease that arises

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Think Further

Having a disease be in remission is the same as being cured of that disease.

MYTH– Fact: Remission is a time without signs and

symptoms of a disease, but the disease may still be present.

– Fact: Remission may last for weeks, years, or indefinitely.

Myth or Fact?


Diagnosing Diseases

• A diagnosis identifies the type of disease a person has

• A diagnosis may involve– Physical exam– Personal and family history– Lab tests

• Once a diagnosis is clear, treatment can begin



Critical Thinking

Diagnosing Disease

Why is knowing about a person’s family history important for diagnosing diseases?

What are some noncommunicable diseases that members of your family have had?


Think Further Review


Tuesday, October 27 “A” Day

• Diseases of the Blood Vessels and Heart• Cancer: Cells out of control

Diseases of the Blood Vessels and Heart

Lesson 14.2


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Pre-Quiz


Profile of Healthy Blood Vessels

• Blood vessels are narrow tubes that transport oxygen, blood, and nutrients throughout the body– Arteries carry blood from the heart to the capillaries– Capillaries deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues– Veins carry blood from the capillaries back to the heart


Diseases of the Blood Vessels

• Arteriosclerosis causes arterial walls to thicken, harden, and become inflexible. Atherosclerosis describes fatty deposits in arterial walls

• These fatty deposits may block blood flow to vital organs

Click here for the “Progression of Atherosclerosis” animation

Body Scientific International, LLC.

http://www.g-wlearning.com/health/9781619609488/student/ch14_02/video01.htm


Hypertension

• Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts against the walls of arteries

• High blood pressure is called hypertension

• Hypertension causes problems in blood vessels and organs and sets the stage for a heart attack or stroke

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Think Further

What are the two parts of a blood pressure measurement called? What does each measure?

– Systolic pressure is the blood pressure that exists when the heart muscle is contracted.

– Diastolic pressure records the blood pressure when the heart muscle is relaxed between contractions.


Stroke

• Stroke is a disease that occurs when the blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted, injuring brain cells

• An ischemic stroke is the most common type

• A hemorrhagic stroke is less common


Obesity and smoking are lifestyle risk factors for stroke.

http://safeshare.tv/v/ss562ed6eeb39a4




Profile of a Healthy Heart

• The heart requires its own continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients

• These are delivered by blood vessels called coronary arteries

• These blood vessels are branches of the largest artery in the body, the aorta

Body Scientific International, LLC.

Click here for the “Blood Flow through the Heart” animation

http://safeshare.tv/v/ss562f887138e0d






Diseases of the Heart

• Coronary artery disease occurs when the coronary arteries become narrow or blocked and reduce or stop blood flow to the heart muscle

• In congestive heart failure, the heart weakens due to strain and becomes unable to pump blood effectively

• Disorders of heart rhythm are called arrhythmias and can arise from abnormal communication within the heart muscle

• Several diseases can affect the heart valves and impact their performance


Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Disease

• Several tests can be done to help determine the nature of a heart disease

• Stents and bypass surgery can be used to treat blocked arteries

• Coronary artery disease can also be treated with medicine

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Post-Quiz


Thursday, October 29 “A” Day

• Cancer: Cells out of Control Notes• Computer Lab: Cancer Research

Cancer: Cells out of Control

Lesson 14.3


Characteristics of Cancer

• Cancer is a disease characterized by a mass of abnormally growing cells that spread and cause illness

• Benign tumors do not invade nearby tissue

• Malignant tumors invade the normal tissues and can metastasize

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http://safeshare.tv/v/ss562ed42842335




Risk Factors for Cancer

• Genetics is related to cancer

• A cell with faulty proto-oncogenes divides much more rapidly than surrounding cells

• A cell with faulty tumor-suppressor genes cannot stop cell division

shutterstock.com/Nuno Andre


Risk Factors for Cancer

• Exposure to carcinogens increases the risk of cancer

• Certain carcinogens cause mutations in genes, leading to cancer– Asbestos – Ultraviolet radiation– Tobacco smoke

• Infectious microorganisms arelinked to certain cancers– Human papillomavirus (HPV)– Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C

virus– HIV

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Critical Thinking

Lifestyle Choices

What are some lifestyle choices people make that affect their risk of getting cancer?

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Common Cancers

• Skin cancer—caused by ultraviolet (UV) light that damages genes and triggers cancerous changes in skin cells

• Lung cancer—typically begins in the lungs and spreads to other organs

• Breast cancer—risk factors include genetics, age, and lifestyle choices

• Colon and rectal cancer—typically appears in people 50 years of age or older


Cancer Treatment

• A combination of treatments is often more effective than any one treatment alone

• Possible treatments include– Surgery– Chemotherapy– Hormone therapy– Immune therapy– Radiation therapy

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Think Further

Many cancer patients are treated with chemotherapy. What are some of the possible side effects of chemotherapy?

– Weight loss– Hair loss– Nausea and diminished diet– Lowered resistance to infections– Bleeding

Diabetes, Allergies, Asthma, and Arthritis

Lesson 14.4


Diabetes

• Diabetes mellitus is a disease resulting from the body’s inability to regulate glucose (sugar)

• Type 1 diabetes mellitus (juvenile-onset) can be treated with insulin, strict diet management, and regular physical activity

• Treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (adult-onset) includes modifying the diet, managing weight, and taking medications

• Related long-term problems may include vision loss, kidney failure, and impaired nerve function

http://safeshare.tv/v/ss5632297ff3410




Think Further

What are some risk factors for type 2 diabetes?

– A family history of diabetes– Advanced age– Obesity– A physically inactive lifestyle– High blood pressure– High cholesterol


Allergies

• An allergy is an abnormal, destructive immune response with effects that can range from annoying to deadly

• An allergy is triggered by substances called allergens, such as dust or pollen

• Some allergies are restricted to specific organs, while other allergies affect the entire body

Click here for the “Allergic Reactions” animation




Asthma

• Asthma is a chronic disease of the respiratory system in which the air passages constrict

• The environment and heredity play a role in the development of asthma

• Asthma cannot be cured, but medications can reduce the number and severity of attacks

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Arthritis

• Arthritis means inflammation of the joints

• Treatments include anti-inflammatory medicine, pain relievers, and mild exercise

• Osteoarthritis is caused by the wearing down of cartilage that normally pads the surfaces of bones

shutterstock.com/Catalin Petolea


Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease

• It causes the body’s immune system to attack the joints

• It occurs in adults of all ages and affects many joints, the eyes, and the heart

shutterstock.com/Rob Marmion


Think Further

What is gout? What may cause gout?

– Gout is a type of arthritis that occurs in some aging adults.

– Gout can be caused by diets that are rich in purines (found in red meat, anchovies, and asparagus).

– Gout can also be triggered by consuming alcoholic beverages.

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Monday, October 26 “C” Day Noncommunicable Diseases: What You Should Know