DISINFECTION 1Real-time determination and long-term monitoring of UV fl uence based on the “true” fl uence rate detector without biodosimetryMengkai Li, Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University9:00 AM - 9:20 AM

Challenges in UV Disinfection for Emergency Preparedness of CryptosporidiumDaniela Castañeda, MWH Global9:20 AM - 9:40 AM

Mandatory UV Disinfection: New drops in Jordan’s water bucket to bolster limited water resources for the City of IrbidJennifer Osgood, CDM Smith9:40 AM - 10:00 AM

LEDS 1Next Generation UV Disinfection – How UV-C LEDs Will Enable New ApplicationsMolly McKain, AquiSense Technologies9:00 AM - 9:20 AM

Best Practices In Measuring the Power Output of UVC LEDsLeo Schowalter, Crystal IS9:20 AM - 9:40 AM

A UV-C LED to contrast Acanthamoeba keratitis caused by contact lensesGabriele Messina, University of Siena9:40 AM - 10:00 AM

MUNICIPAL TREATMENT 1UV Procurement: A Holistic Approach To Provide Best ValueMichael McWhirter, MWH10:40 AM - 11:00 AM

Delivery of a Streamlined and Unconventional Dual-Vendor UV Design for a 100-Year Old Historic Drinking Water Treatment PlantGabe Maul, MWH Global11:00 AM - 11:20 AM

Designing a New UV Disinfection Facility for Multi-Barrier Public Health Protection in Colum-bus, OHChris Schulz, CDM Smith11:20 AM - 11:40 AM

Welcome to the Modern Age: Upgrading Metro Vancouver’s Seymour Capilano UV Disinfec-tion FacilityBryan Townsend and Ray Tarnai, Black & Veatch and Karen Tully, Metro Vancouver11:40 AM - 12:00 PM

AOP & REUSE 1Moving from Non-potable to Potable Reuse: What Do We Do with UV?Chengyue Shen, HDR, Inc.3:40 PM - 4:00 PM

Ultraviolet Sensors and Their Role in Monitoring of UV-Based Advanced Oxidation Treatment SystemsGordon Knight, Trojan Technologies4:00 PM - 4:20 PM

Scaling UV AOP from Bench To Full-scale Implementation Using CFD-Based UV Dose ModelsHarold Wright, Carollo Engineers4:20 PM - 4:40 PM

Making Sense of UV-Oxidation: EEO and Dose Together Ensure Potable Reuse Meets GoalsWayne Lem, Trojan Technologies4:40 PM - 5:00 PM

DISINFECTION 2Algal DNA Damage Repair Kinetics Support MPN Evaluation of UV-Disinfected Ballast WaterNatalie Hull, University of Colorado Boulder10:40 AM - 11:00 AM

UV Compliance Simplifi ed! New Validation ProtocolsTraci Brooks, Carollo Engineers11:00 AM - 11:20 AM

UV Validation: Bridging the Atlantic DivideMark Heath, Carollo Engineers, Inc.11:20 AM - 11:40 AM

Not All Water Is Created Equal: The Effects of Water Characteristics on MS2 Stability and Dose ResponseShawn Verhoeven, GAP EnviroMicrobial Services Ltd.11:40 AM - 12:00 PM

PANEL DISCUSSIONPANEL DISCUSSION: Fighting HAIs and MDROs with UV-C using Industry, Healthcare and Federal Collaboration1:20 PM - 3:00 PM

DISINFECTION 3Pre-fi ltration UV disinfection – drivers, benefi ts and challengesPaul Swaim, CH2M3:40 PM - 4:00 PM

The 254nm Myth – The Truth Behind Correct Wavelength SelectionSaketh Thanneeru, AquiSense Technologies4:00 PM - 4:20 PM

UV Disinfection of Viruses: Validation Protocols and Regulatory Perspectives in OntarioBryan Townsend, Black & Veatch4:20 PM - 4:40 PM

PERFORMANCE IS THE KEY: Substitution of a parallel UV system with a transversal staggered one to achieve disinfection goals. Recommendations in operation low UVT systems.Alvaro Irigoyen, CIEMSA4:40 PM - 5:00 PM

RECEPTION + EXHIBITS5:00 PM - 6:00 PM

BREAK + EXHIBITS3:00 PM - 3:40 PM

LUNCHEON + EXHIBITS12:00 PM - 1:20 PM

BREAK + EXHIBITS10:00 AM - 10:40 AM

OPENING REMARKS8:30 AM - 9:00 AM

CAPITOL BALLROOM 1

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 2017CAPITOL BALLROOM 2

MUNICIPAL TREATMENT 2From Liability to Reliability: The LADWP Groundwater ExperienceJames Collins, Arcadis9:00 AM - 9:20 AM

Evaluation of UV and Ozone Mediated Advanced Oxidation for Santa Monica’s New Olympic Treatment PlantBryan Townsend, Black & Veatch9:20 AM - 9:40 AM

Replacing membranes with UV at the Appleton Water Treatment FacilityTodd Elliott, CH2M9:40 AM - 10:00 AM

LEDS 2UV Flux Measurement of Light Emitting Diodes for Water TreatmentGordon Knight, Trojan Technologies9:00 AM - 9:20 AM

Computational modeling of UV-LED reactorsFariborz Taghipour, University of British Columbia (UBC)9:20 AM - 9:40 AM

Validating a Testing Protocol for Measurement of UV-LED Lamp OutputKari Sholtes, University of Colorado Boulder9:40 AM - 10:00 AM

INNOVATIONS & APPLICATIONS 2Effect of UV treatment on formation of disinfection by-products in chlorinated seawater swimming poolsWaqas Cheema, Technical University of Denmark10:40 AM - 11:00 AM

New Water Brew – Recycling Water for the Highest PurposeAbigail Antolovich, Xylem11:00 AM - 11:20 AM

Bacteria Inactivation via X-ray-induced UVC Radioluminescence: Toward In-situ Biofouling Prevention in Membrane ModulesEzra Cates, Clemson University11:20 AM - 11:40 AM

DISINFECTION 4Addressing variable UVT and peak fl ow challenges for existing wastewater UV disinfection with supplemental PAAMichael Watts, Garver3:20 PM - 3:40 PM

UV sensor to monitor the low wavelength contribution to the dose of MP UV disinfection systemsSven Kaemmerer, Xylem Services GmbH3:40 PM - 4:00 PM

A simpler and more accurate method for collimated beam experimentsJames Bolton, Bolton Photosciences Inc.4:00 PM - 4:20 PM

INNOVATIONS & APPLICATIONS 1To the moon and beyond: UV lights the way out of Low Earth OrbitRich Simons AquiSense Technologies10:40 AM - 11:00 AM

High-Power UV for Ballast Water Treatment: Possible but not PracticalPo-Shun Chan, Trojan Technologies11:00 AM - 11:20 AM

The MPN Method and UV-Based Treatment SystemsBrian Petri, Trojan Technologies11:20 AM - 11:40 AM

The Development of an Alternative Method to Quantify the Number of Living 10-50 um Organisms for Ballast Water Management System Type-Approval TestsBrian Petri, Trojan Technologies11:40 AM - 12:00 PM

AOP & REUSE 3Uncensored: Incorporating UVI into EEO Based Control Systems for Potable ReuseAusta Parker, Carollo Engineers3:20 PM - 3:40 PM

The How to Guide For UV Hypo – From Test to Design to Full Scale OperationJens Scheideler, Xylem Inc3:40 PM - 4:00 PM

Managing UV/UVAOP System Conceptual Designs at Four City of Toronto WTPs – the Island WTP Case StudySarah Wilson, Liza Ballantyne – City of Toronto, Brandon Beck, Brian Sahely – AECOM4:00 PM - 4:20 PM

Sulfamethazine degradation in water by the VUV/UV and VUV/UV/Chlorine process: Accurate determinations of kinetic parameters based on a mini-fl uidic VUV/UV photoreaction systemMengkai Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences4:20 PM - 4:40 PM

BREAK2:40 PM - 3:20 PM

LUNCHEON + EXHIBITS12:00 PM - 1:20 PM

BREAK + EXHIBITS10:00 AM - 10:40 AM

CAPITOL BALLROOM 1

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 2017CAPITOL BALLROOM 2

INNOVATIONS & APPLICATIONS 3Experimental Evaluation of UV Reactors in SeriesYuri Lawryshyn, University of Toronto1:20 PM - 1:40 PM

Method for the determination of the UVC effi ciency of a UV lamp mounted inside a UV reactorJames Bolton, Bolton Photosciences Inc.1:40 PM - 2:00 PM

A Comparison of UV Transmittance Sensors at WWWTP’s – Success and ChallengesGary Hunter, Black & Veatch2:00 PM - 2:20 PM

Decomposition of Sucralose in a Small Scale 172nm ReactorJennifer Pagan, Aquisense Technologies2:20 PM - 2:40 PM

AOP & REUSE 2Permutations and Combinations for Designing the Largest Water Reuse Ultraviolet Disinfec-tion System in North AmericaBill Sotirakos and Doug Wing, Carollo Engineers, Inc.1:20 PM - 1:40 PM

Vacuum UV advanced oxidation of surface water and its impacts of biostability of the treated waterMadjid Mohseni, University of British Columbia1:40 PM - 2:00 PM

Enhancing Effi ciency of UV Advanced Oxidation Processes via Iron AdditionSydney Ulliman, University of Colorado Boulder2:00 PM - 2:20 PM

The treatment of RO permeate for potable reuse using UV/chlorine advanced oxidation with low-pressure and medium-pressure UV lampsRon Hofmann, University of Toronto2:20 PM - 2:40 PM

BEST STUDENT PRESENTATION AWARD4:40 PM - 5:00 PM

AOPANDREUSE1MovingfromNon-potabletoPotableReuse:WhatDoWeDowithUV?ChengyueShen,HDR,Inc.Abstract:Toaddresstheincreasingwatershortage,especiallyinCaliforniaandafewothersouthernstatesoftheUnitedStates,thecurrenttrendinwaterreuseismovingtowardspotablereuse,eitherdirectorindirect,tomaximizethepotentialofallavailablewaterresources.Significanteffortshavebeenmadeamongwaterindustryandwateragenciesondefiningtheguidelinesandcriterianeededforpotablereusestoaddressadvancedtreatmentofbothmicrobiologicalandchemicalcontaminants.Reductionofchemicalcontaminantsofconcern,suchasN-Nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)and1,4–Dioxane,oftenrequiresthetreatmenttraintoincludeanadvancedoxidationprocess(AOP)step.OneoftheAOPtechnologieshasdemonstrateditseffectivenessinvolvingUVincombinationwithadditionofhydrogenperoxide,ozone,ormorerecentlyproposedhypochloritetodestructthepersistentchemicalcontaminants.UVtechnologieshavebeenwidelyappliedindisinfectionfornon-potablewaterreuseincompliancewiththeCaliforniaWaterRecyclingCriteria(Title22).Withtheinterestsinpotablereuse,itisanaturalreactionformostwaterreclamationplantsusingUVsystemstoexploretheoptiontoimplementUV-AOPaspartoftheiradvancedtreatmentprocessforpotablereuse.However,thetypicalUVdoserequirementsfornon-potablereusedisinfectionsarefarlessthanwhatrequiredinaUV-AOPprocess,i.e.,lessthan100mJ/cm2versushundredsoroftenover1,000mJ/cm2forUV-AOP.ThisimposesasignificantchallengeonhowtoupgradeorexpandthecurrentlyinstalledUVsystems,whichwereoriginallysizedfordisinfection,tomeettherequirementforUV-AOP.Thispaperpresentsthediscussionsonhowtoprepareanon-restrictedreuseplantfornon-potablereuseUV-disinfectiontodaywhilebearingthepotentialcapabilityoffutureexpansionforpotablereuseusingUV-AOP.Thefollowingaspectswillbepresentedaroundasuccessfulshow-caseapplication:•Regulatoryroadmap:UpgradeofanexistingUV-disinfectionsystemtoanUV-AOPisoneoftheviableandcost-effectiveapproachestokeepthefacilityincompliancewiththechangingregulatoryrequirements.•Technologyapplicability:Withparticulartreatmentrequirementsforbothnon-potablereuseUV-disinfectionandpotablereuseUV-AOP,therearealimitednumberofUVtechnologiesthatpossesstheeffectivenessandcapabilityforboth.•Implementationapproach:ExistingsystemupgradeorfacilityplanningneedstoconsiderthesignificantdifferenceofUVimplementationintermsoftreatmenttargetanddesigncriteriafornon-potablevs.potablereuse.•Fielddemonstration/validation:TheUV-disinfectionsystemfornon-potablereuseistypicallyselectedanddesignedwithUVtechnologyfromCaliforniaDDWpublishedlist.FieldvalidationafterinstallationisrequiredforUV-AOP.

UltravioletSensorsandTheirRoleinMonitoringofUV-BasedAdvancedOxidationTreatmentSystemsGordonKnight,TrojanTechnologiesAbstract:UltravioletsensorsaredevicesusedtomonitorandcontroltheUVirradiancewithinawatertreatmentsystem.SincethekineticsofphotochemicalreactionsdependsdirectlyontheUVfluenceratewithinasystem,measurementofirradiancemonitorsthiscriticalreactorvariable.Physicalfactorsinthereactorsuchaschangesinlampoutput,lampsleeveageingandfouling,aswellaswatertransmittancecanallbemonitoredbyUVsensors.Sensortypesusedformonochromaticandpolychromaticlampsystemswillbereviewed.ForUVdisinfectionsystems,itiscommonpracticetodeterminethevalidatedUVdosedependenceonUVsensorsignals,aswellasothervariables.TheprospectsandchallengesinextendingthisconcepttocontaminanttreatmentwillbediscussedinthelightofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenUVdisinfectionandcontaminanttreatmentprocesses.Theuseofsensorsincontaminanttreatmentoffersuniqueopportunitiestoimprovemonitoringandcontrol,suchasforthemonitoringoflampsinhightransmittancewaterstypicalinwaterreuseapplications.ThechallengesinmonitoringreflectedUVradiationwillalsobeconsidered.Possibleintegrationofthesefeaturesintoasensormonitoringandcontrolsystemforcontaminanttreatmentwillbediscussed.MakingSenseofUV-Oxidation:EEOandDoseTogetherEnsurePotableReuseMeetsGoalsWayneLem,TrojanTechnologiesAbstract:W.Lem*andA.FestgerTheuseofUVirradiationcombinedwithhydrogenperoxideforthedestructionoftracecontaminantsinmunicipalwastewateraftermicrofiltrationandreverseosmosishasbeenacceptedforindirectpotablereuse(IPR)anddirectpotablereuse(DPR)schemesintheUnitedStates.Thekeydriverforthegrowingtrendinreuseresultsfromtheseriouswaterscarcityandwaterstressissuesmanypartsoftheworldarefacingtoday.TheimplementationofUV/peroxidesystemsforIPRandDPRapplicationsrequireanaccurateandfail-safemonitoringandcontrolsystemtosafeguardpublichealth.Thefigure-of-meritforUV/AOPsystemsistheElectricalEnergyperOrder(EEO)1whichisdefinedastheelectricalenergyinkilowatt-hours(kWh)neededtodegradeacontaminantbyoneorderofmagnitude(90%)inaunitvolumeofpollutedwater.Decadesago,UV/AOPsystemswerecontrolledusingEEO,primarilyfornon-potablewastewaterssuchasgroundwaterremediationorindustrialwastewatertreatment–wherepublichealthwasnotofparamountimportance.However,today,giventhatwaterreusequalitydirectlyimpactspublichealthandpublicperception,themonitoringandcontrolsofaUV/AOPsystemneedstobeadvanced,accurateandfail-safetoaddressthis.

AmethodologywillbepresentedtoaccuratelycontrolUV/AOPsystemswherebythealgorithmincorporatesboththeEEOandUVdoseofthereactorusingreal-timeflow,UVtransmittanceandlampoutputsignalscombinedwiththecontaminantkineticstodelivertherequiredremovalofacontaminant.Performancedatafromseveralfull-scaleIPRsystemsinCalifornia,USA,willbepresentedtoshowthecorrelationbetweenactualandpredictedresults.Thismethodologyproducesincreasedaccuracycomparedtotraditionaldatedmethodsandfurthermore,providesanempiricalapproachforon-siteverificationofreactorperformancefortheend-user.ScalingUVAOPfromBenchToFull-scaleImplementationUsingCFD-BasedUVDoseModelsHaroldWright,CarolloEngineersAbstract:UVAOPisusedindrinkingwaterapplicationsforseasonalT&Oreduction,andusedindrinkingwaterandpotablereuseapplicationsforcontinuousreductionofNDMAandmicro-pollutants.UVAOPoftenusesH2O2togeneratehydroxylradicals.RecentresearchhasshowntheeffectivenessofUVAOPusingchlorineforpotablereuseapplications.OtherresearchhasshownthatthatMPUVandnaturallypresentnitratecanpromoteAOP.OnechallengeimplementingUVAOPisscalingbenchresultsobtainedusingacollimatedbeamorfullymixedbatchreactortofullscale,inpartbecausemanytheoreticalUVAOPmodelsarenotbasedonUVdose.Inthiswork,UVdosebasedmodelsarepresentedforLPandMPUVAOP.Dataisshowncomparingmodelpredictionsandmeasureddatawitharangeofcontaminants(MIB,geosmin,1,4-dioxane,TCEandPCE),andarangeofwaterqualities(pH,alkalinity,TOC).WithMPUVlight,themodelsuseUVdoseforphotolysisandAOPdefinedasanintegrateddosefrom200to400nmweightedbytheactionspectraofthetarget,whetherthatbethecontaminantinthecaseofphotolysisortheoxidantinthecaseofAOP.ModelpredictionsarepresentedwithpilotLPandMPreactorswheretheUVdosehasbeendeterminedasaUVdosedistributionusingCFD-basedUVdosemodels.TheroleofUVAOPmodelsforoptimizingthedesignandoperationoffullscaleAOPsystemsisdiscussedDISINFECTION1Real-timedeterminationandlong-termmonitoringofUVfluencebasedonthe“true”fluenceratedetectorwithoutbiodosimetryMengkaiLi,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversiAbstract:Conventionalmethodsformonitoringandvalidationofphotoreactorsarebasedonmeasurementsofthenominalfluence(ordose)deliveredbythereactor.Thecurrentstandardforthesemeasurementsisbiodosimetry,whichyieldsa

single-valuedfluencemeasurementtodefinethebehaviorofthesystem.Whilebiodosimetryhasthebenefitofprovidingoperatorsandregulatorswithaphysicalmeasurementofthenominalfluencedeliveredbyasystem,itsuffersfromimportantshortcomings,includingtheinabilitytoquantifythefluencedistributionandconductthesemeasurementsinrealtime.ThenominalUVfluencedeliveredbyareactordependsontwofactors.Oneisthestatusofthelamp/sleevesystem,suchasthequalityandoperationalstatusofthelampandballast,andthetransmittanceofthelamptubeandquartzsleeve.Thesecondfactoristhecombinationoftheopticalfield(orfluencerate[FR]distribution)andthefluidfield.Themicro-fluorescentsilicadetector(MFSD)wasdevelopedwithmeritsofhighstability,extremelyfastresponse,andverysmallvolume,andthusisanidealsensorformonitoringofUVreactors.Itisalsoimportanttonotethatitistheonly“true”FRdetectorandthemeasuredFRvalueisanaccuraterepresentationoftheFRdefinitionwhichcancouldbedirectlycomparedwithnumericalsimulationresultswithoutanyangle-responsecorrection.BasedonmeasuredFRvaluesbyMFSDinstalledatanappropriatepositioninthereactorchamber,aswellasroutineparametersincludingtheUVTvalueandflowrate,thereal-timestatusoflampandsleevesystemcouldbedeterminedforarunningUVreactor.Moreover,whencombinedwithafluencecalculationmodel(includingthefluenceratedistributionmodelandfluiddynamicsmodel),thereal-timemeanorminimumUVfluencecouldbeobtainedwithoutbiodosimetry.Inaddition,afieldstudyduringhalfayearwasalsocarriedouttoevaluatethefeasibilityofthemethod.Thisstudyproposesanewreal-timeUVfluencedeterminationandlong-termmonitoringmethodbasedonthe“trueFRdetectors”(i.e.,MFSDs),whichcouldenhancethesecurityoftheUVdisinfection.ChallengesinUVDisinfectionforEmergencyPreparednessofCryptosporidiumDanielaCastañeda,MWHGlobalAbstract:Ultraviolet(UV)disinfectionsystemsarecommonlydesignedwithvariousassumptionsincludingsourcewaterqualitytrends.Influentvariationsarealreadyachallenge,inparticularwhenwatertreatmentplants(WTPs)areadjacenttotheirsourceandcanexperienceafloodedtorrent’supsetwaterquality.HowdoesaWTPadjust,especiallywhentheemergencyconditionsforceittoutilizetheonlyavailablesource-afloodedriver?ThatwasthesituationfortheCityofMinot,NorthDakotain2011whentheMinotWTPcouldn’tmeeteffluentdisinfectionlimitsafterexperiencingafloodwithhighCryptosporidiumconcentrations.TheCitybeganemergencypreparednesswithanewUVdisinfectionsystemaspartoftheFloodHazardMitigationProjecttobeabletomeettheLongTerm2EnhancedSurfaceWaterTreatmentRule(LT2)underfloodingconditions.LT2’srequirementsforCryptosporidiuminactivationalreadypresentapotentialrisktopublichealthprotectionduetoactionspectradifferencebetweenpathogensandsurrogates.Thischallengewasfurtheraugmentedsincethe

limitedsamplingperformedduringthe2011flooddidn’tincludeCryptosporidiumorUVT.Additionally,theWTPhadexperiencedfeedpowerqualityissuesthatcouldsignificantlyincreasetheproject’scosttosupporttheperformanceandreliabilityofaUV-basedemergencysystem.ThispresentationwillfocusonhowtheUVsystem’sexpectedlimitedoperationaffectedtheproject’sapproachtobalancecost-efficiencyandassuredperformance.Itwillreviewthedesignstrategytocollaboratewithlocalandstateregulators,prioritizeemergencyconsiderations,andthemanufacturer’swarranty.ThepresentationwillalsosummarizefloodingsystemsinputfrommultipleUVvendors,aswellasreferencefloodwatersprojects.AllofthesepointsareexpectedtomeetMinot’sfuturefloodwaterdisinfectiondemandswhilebeingabletomeettheCity’sbudget,andprovidereliablecriteriaselectionreferencestohelpUVdisinfectionbeabettersupportedalternativeforfuturefloodwaterprojects.MandatoryUVDisinfection:NewdropsinJordan’swaterbuckettobolsterlimitedwaterresourcesfortheCityofIrbidJenniferOsgood,CDMSmithAbstract:Waterscarcityisaglobalenvironmentalchallenge,andforJordanisoneofthecountry’slargestenvironmentalchallenges.Duetonormalincreasesinpopulationgrowthwithinthecountryalongwithrecentinfluxesofrefugees,Jordan’slimitednaturalwaterresourcesareunabletosupportsustainablewatermanagementpractices.TheNorthernGovernoratesregionhasbeenhithardwhichhastheJordanianauthoritiesstrugglingtokeepupwiththewaterdemand,whilethecountrycontinuesdevelopingsolutionstoincreaseitswatersupply.MuchofthenewwatersourcesrequiredtosupplyJordan’sbasicwaterneedswillneedtooriginateoutsideofJordan’sboundaries.Jordanhasbeguntousehighlytreatedwastewatereffluentforirrigationandrepurposingwaterpreviouslyusedforirrigationtosupplypopulationconsumptionneeds.Evenwiththesechanges,theNorthernGovernoratesareforecastedtorequiremorepotablewaterthanisavailablefromthecurrentgroundwatersupply.TheKingAbdullahCanal(KAC)hasbeenidentifiedasonesourcetoprovideadditionalsupplyforJordan.TheKACobtainswaterfromLakeTiberiasinIsraelandtheYarmoukRiverwhoseheadwaterisinSyria.TermsofarecentinternationalagreementwithIsraelprovideadditionalwaterrightsfromthecanal,whichareproposedtopartiallymeetthewaterneedsoftheCityofIrbidintheNorthernGovernorates.TheKACprovideswaterforirrigationaswellassuppliesmostofthepotablewatersupplytothecapitalcityofAmman.WaterqualitywithintheKACcanbechallengingtotreat.Run-offandflushingeventscancauseveryquickchangesinwaterqualitywithturbiditylevelsrisingintothethousandsofntuwhilethewarmenvironmentandamplenutrientsencouragesalgaegrowth.Levelsofdisinfectionbyproductprecursors,bromate,andtaste&odorpresentadditionalchallenges.TheMinistryofHealthhasclassifiedtheKACasCategory3water,whichrequiresaminimumleveloftreatmentasdefinedbyJordanianWaterStandardsincludingUVdisinfectionandspecifiedinactivationforpathogens.Thenewwatertreatmentfacilitywillsupply30millioncubicmeters

peryear(MCMY)oftreatedwaterwithmulti-barrierstoeffectivelytreatmostwaterqualityevents,therebylimitingthedurationthatthefacilityhastobeflowde-ratedorshutdownalltogether.Thetreatmentfacilitieswillincludepresedimentation,conventionalpretreatment,GACadsorption,filtration,UVandfreechlorinedisinfection,residualstreatmentandwashwaterrecoverytomaximizeavailablewaterresources.Thefacilitywilloperatecontinuouslyatitsdesigncapacity.Shouldadditionalwaterbeallocatedinthefuture,thedesignconsidersafacilityexpansionto45MCMY.ThefacilityinitiatedbytheMinistryofWaterandIrrigationandtheWaterAuthorityofJordanincollaborationwithUSAIDisaddressingaportionofthecountry’surgentneedforwatersupplyaspartoftheGovernment’sWaterSectorStrategy.DISINFECTION2AlgalDNADamageRepairKineticsSupportMPNEvaluationofUV-DisinfectedBallastWaterNatalieHull,UniversityofColoradoBoulderAbstract:Aquaticinvasivespeciesandpathogenscanbetransportedanddischargedbyshipsinballastwaterusedtostabilizetheirloads.Tomitigatetheseeffects,in2012theUSCoastGuard(USCG)andrecentlytheInternationalMaritimeOrganization(IMO)adoptedpathogenandsize-delineateddischargeperformancestandardsforballastwatermanagement.Compliancecanbeachievedthroughinstallationofanapprovedballastwatertreatmentsystem(BWTS).ApprovalofBWTSefficacycanbeattainedfromIMOusingvariousenumerationmethods,butUSCGapprovalrequiresenumerationusingstainsthatdetectmembranedisruptionfororganismsinthe10–50µmsizefraction.ThesestainscannotdetectDNAdamage,whichistheprimarymechanismforultraviolet(UV)disinfection.However,culture-basedmethodssuchasmostprobablenumber(MPN)couldbeappropriateforevaluatingtechnologieswithvaryingmechanismsofinactivation,andcouldprovideaconservativeestimateofUVtreatmentefficacybecauseincubationallowspotentialDNArepairandregrowthtooccur.Totestthishypothesis,UV-inducedDNAlesionswerequantifiedbyELISAinTetraselmissuecicacontrolsamplesandUV-treatedsamplesculturedundervariousMPNconditionsovertime.These~10µmmarinealgaedemonstratedsignificantDNArepairwithinthefirst6hoursofMPNincubation,andrepairwasinsensitivetovaryinglightornutrientconditions.BecausecultureconditionsallowDNArepairmuchmorerapidlythanthetypical14-dayincubation,MPNenumerationaccountsforrepairthatcouldincreaseviablecellconcentration.Thesemolecularresultssupportusingculture-basedenumerationasaconservativemethodtovalidateUVandotherBWTStechnologies.

UVComplianceSimplified!NewValidationProtocolsTraciBrooks,CarolloEngineersAbstract:TheUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(USEPA),inconjunctionwiththeCadmusGroupandCarolloEngineers,hasinitiatedastudytodevelopasimplifiedapproachtovalidationofUVreactorsusedforsmallandmediumsizedrinkingwatersystemstomeetthevirusinactivationrequirementsoftheGroundWaterRule(GWR).Thescopeoftheprojectwastoevaluatevalidationtestingprotocolsforlowpressurehighoutput(LPHO)andmediumpressure(MP)UVsystems,evaluatesimplifieddosemonitoringapproaches,andinthecaseofpolychromaticMPUVsystems,evaluatetheimplicationsofthegermicidalimpactsoflowwavelengthlightonvirusinactivation.ThetestingfortheLPHOandMPUVreactorsshowedtheabilitytopredict4loginactivationofadenovirususingonlyMS2phageandusingthecombinedvariable,S/S0/Q/DL,whereS/S0istherelativelampoutputatloworhighwavelengths,Qistheflowrate,andDListheUVsensitivityofthemicrobedefinedastheUVdoserequiredperloginactivation.TheMPUVtestingutilizedanewlowwavelengthUVsensorthathadaresponserangefrom200to240nmalongwithastandardONORM-compliantUVsensorwitharesponserangefrom240-290nm.Thisnewsensoralongwiththeapplicationofhighandlowwavelengthactionspectracorrectionfactors(ASCF)andthecombinedvariablehelpedtodevelopanequationthatcanbeusedtopredictCryptosporidiumandadenovirusinactivationthatfullytakesadvantageoflowwavelengthbenefits.Theresultsarebeingusedtodevelopanewprotocoldocumentthatwillincludedirectiononusing4logMS2inactivationtopredict4loginactivationofadenovirususingthecombinedvariable,specificationsforlowwavelengthUVsensors,andmethodsforcalculatingandapplyinglowandhighwavelengthASCFsforMPUVreactors.ThisdocumentwillalsoincludebetterdefinedUVdosemonitoringequations,simplifiedapplicationofthereductionequivalentdose(RED)biasfactors,awell-definedvalidatedrange,andwell-definedQA/QCboundsforvalidationmicrobes.ThispresentationwillgothroughtheproposednewmethodsforUVvalidationwithsupportfromdatacollectedduringthisprojectandpreviousvalidations.UVValidation:BridgingtheAtlanticDivideMarkHeath,CarolloEngineers,Inc.Abstract:UltravioletdisinfectionfordrinkingwatertreatmenthasgainedworldwideacceptanceoverthepasttwodecadeswithitsroutineuseinEuropeextendingdecadesearlier.Regulatoryapprovalisgovernedbydifferentorganizationsindifferentpartsoftheglobe.InEurope,regulatoryacceptanceisprimarilygovernedbytheGermanAssociationforGasandWater(DVGW)andtheAustrianStandardsInstitute(ONORM),whileintheUnitedStatestheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)publishedthe2006UVDisinfection

GuidanceManual(UVDGM)forcompliancewiththestandardsoftheLong-Term2EnhancedSurfaceWaterTreatmentRule(LT2ESWTR).TodemonstrateperformanceofUVdisinfectionequipmentforregulatoryacceptance,full-scalevalidationtestingisrequired.Validationtechniquesdifferbetweenthevariousregulatoryjurisdictions,andtogainglobalregulatoryacceptance,UVequipmentvendorsmustperformcostlyvalidationtestingtomeettherequirementsofeach.ThisoftenmeansvendorsmustshipUVequipmenttomorethanoneofthehandfulofvalidationtestfacilitiesworldwide,incurringsubstantialcostsassociatedwithinstallation,functionaltesting,biodosimetrytestinganddataanalysisproceduresstipulatedbyeachregulatoryjurisdiction.Withthecostofvalidationrangingfrom$50,000-$100,000andinsomecasessubstantiallymoreforasinglevalidation,thereisasignificantbarrierforUVvendorsachievingglobalregulatoryacceptanceoftheirequipment.Inaddition,forlargecapacityUVequipment,therearefewoptionsforvalidationfacilitiescapableoftherequiredflowratesfortesting.RecentcooperativeeffortsbetweenCarollo'sPortlandUVValidationFacilityinPortland,OR,USAandtheDVGWTZWtestingfacilityinKarlsruhe,GermanyallowedamajorUVvendortotestoneoftheirhighercapacityUVunitsunderbothUSEPAUVDGMandDVGWtestingprotocols.ThebenefitsofthiscooperativeeffortallowedtheUVvendortoachievedualvalidationatamaximumflowcapacitynotachievablebytheGermantestfacility,atthesametimerealizingsubstantialcostsavingsbytestingonlyatonefacility.Bytheendof2016,furthercooperativetestingwillbeconductedonfourUVreactorsformtwoUVvendorsattheDVGWTZWtestfacilityundertheUSEPAUVDGMprotocols.ThiswillallowthetwoEuropeanvendorstoconducttestinglocally,thusreducingthecostsassociatedwithsupportingvalidationtestingintheUnitedStates,whileachievingcertificationunderUSEPAUVDGMprotocols.ThispresentationwilldiscusstheprimarydifferencesbetweenvariousUVvalidationprotocolsandUVdosemonitoringphilosophiesaswellassummarizethecooperativetestingconductedtodateandthatproposedmovingforwardthatwillprovidesignificantcostandtimesavingbenefitstotheUVindustry.NotAllWaterIsCreatedEqual:TheEffectsofWaterCharacteristicsonMS2StabilityandDoseResponseShawnVerhoeven,GAPEnviroMicrobialServicesLtd.Abstract:Ultraviolet(UV)reactorsforwaterdisinfectiontypicallyhavetheirperformanceclaimsverifiedusingabioassay.Thisinvolvesrunningwaterspikedwithasurrogatemicrobe,suchasMS2bacteriophage,throughthesystemunderavarietyofflow,UVTandsystempowerconditions,andmeasuringthereductionofthesurrogateconcentrationupstreamtodownstream.Thecharacteristicsofthewaterareonecondition,specificallyinsmallandbenchscalevalidationsthataretypicallyignored,butonethatcandrasticallyimpacttheresultsobtainedduringthevalidation.WehaveshownthatsomewatermaymakeitappearasifUVlightat254nmisveryeffectiveatdisinfectingMS2,butaportionofthisreductioncanbeattributedtothewateritself,andnottheexposuretoUVlight.Theonlywaythis

wouldbedetectedasanissuewhenvalidatingaUVsystemwouldbebydeterminingthedoseresponse,usingacollimatedbeam,oftheinfluent,surrogatespiked,water.Iftheresultingdoseresponsecurvefallswithintheestablishedlimitsforthesurrogatebeingtested,thentheperformanceclaimsforthevalidationcouldbeverified.Also,itisn’tacceptabletosimplyusethedoseresponsecurvethatfallsoutsideoftheestablishedlimits,aswehaveshownthatthisinactivationmaynotberepeatableandcanvarygreatlyoverrepeatexposures.Thisworkshowshowimportantitistoperformcollimatedbeamtestingwitheveryvalidationandwatertypeusedandtonotusequalitycontroldoseresponsecurvesasameansofassigningadose,toensuresurrogatesusedforvalidationhaveestablishedlimits(whetherlabestablishedorpublished),andtoensurethatvariationsinsourcewaterqualityarecapturedinthecollimatedbeamtesting,suchaswitheachbatchofwaterused.DISINFECTION3Pre-filtrationUVdisinfection–drivers,benefitsandchallengesPaulSwaim,CH2MAbstract:TheuseofUVdisinfectionforprimarydisinfectioncontinuestogrowasmoremunicipalitiesarerequiredtoimproveorexpandtheirtreatmentcapabilitieswherebudgets,sitespace,andriskmanagementcannotbeadequatelyaddressedwithadditionalchemicaldisinfection.Typically,UVdisinfectionisimplementedafterfiltrationinconventionalormembranefiltrationfacilities,orincombinationwithchemicaldisinfectionwhenfiltrationisnotmandated.However,therearecaseswhereUVaheadoffiltrationcanbecosteffectiveandprovidesimilartreatmentreliability.ThispaperreviewstheimplementationofUVdisinfection(bothLPHOandMP)priortofiltrationinthreedifferentfiltrationfacilitiesincludingthe400ML/dLakeviewWTPPhase2ExpansionfortheRegionofPeel,the38ML/dLakeshoreWTPfortheTownofInnisfil,andthe615ML/dR.L.ClarkWTPfortheCityofToronto.Thefollowingissueswillbediscussed:economicdrivers,suchasreductioninconstructedfootprintandcostsbyretrofittingexistingfacilitiesvs.buildinggreenfieldfacilities;waterqualityrisksandregulatoryapprovals;andtechnicalandoperationalissues,suchasconstructionintightspaces,anddevelopingUVdose-responsecurvesforoperationathigherturbiditieswithoutcompromisingdisinfectioncapabilities.The254nmMyth–TheTruthBehindCorrectWavelengthSelectionSakethThanneeru,AquiSenseTechnologiesAbstract:The254nmMyth–TheTruthBehindCorrectWavelengthSelectionSakethThanneeru,OliverLawal,JenniferPagan,JimCosman.AquiSenseTechnologies,4400OlympicBlvd,Erlanger,KY41018

ABSTRACT:OverthepastthreedecadesUltraviolet(UV)technologyhashadameteoricriseinthewaterdisinfectionmarket,asaresultofacombinationoflowercosts,pathogenicresistancetoChlorine(e.g.Cryptosporidium),andthepotentialofharmfulbyproductgenerationassociatedwithchemicaldisinfection.UVlightwithinapracticalwavelengthrangeof180–280nm,orUV-C,isappliedindisinfectionapplications.Historicallywehavehadaccesstothisrangeprimarilythroughmercuryvaporlamps,themajorityofwhichareoftheLowPressuretype,emittingamonochromaticoutputat254nm.Overtime,theentireUV-Crangehasoftenbeengivenlessimportanceandtheemphasishasbeenonthataccessiblewavelengthof254nm.Itissometimeslostamongprocessdesignersthatthiswavelengthisnotthemostoptimalamongstthosewithinthegermicidalrange,buttheonlypracticaloptionavailable–thusraisingittoamythicalstatus.Theeffectivenessofaparticularwavelengthdependsontheamountoflightapathogenisabletoabsorbatthatparticularwavelength.Therearemanybenchscalestudiesonpathogensshowingdifferentabsorbancelevelsatdifferentwavelengths,and,254nmisnevershownasthemosteffective.Theoptimalwavelengthsvaryaccordingtothepathogen,buttypicallyfallinthe260-270nmrange.WiththeadventofdeepUVLEDs,wehavetheoptiontochoosespecificwavelengthsinUV-Crange.ThespecificwavelengthintherangeandtheabsorptionlevelsofthepathogensbecomeimportantforefficientdesigningofUVsystemstargetingspecificpathogens.Thispaperwilloutlinetheimpactofnotbelievingthe254nmmythandwilldiscusstheoverallbenefitsderivedbythedesignflexibility(i.e.abilitytoselectdiscretewavelengths)enabledbytheintroductionofthisnewUVCsource.UVDisinfectionofViruses:ValidationProtocolsandRegulatoryPerspectivesinOntarioBryanTownsend,Black&VeatchAbstract:Ultraviolet(UV)lightdisinfectionisacommontreatmentprocessinmunicipaldrinkingwatersystemsinOntario.Ontario’spositionhasbeentocreditUVsystemsforGiardia,Cryptosporidium,andvirusinactivation.Virusinactivationcreditassignmentisbasedonthedose-responsedataofpathogenicvirusesotherthanadenovirus.Municipalresidentialdrinkingwatersystemsarecurrentlyreceiving2logviruscreditatasurrogatereductionequivalentdose(RED)of20mJ/cm2ifitispartofamulti-barrierdisinfectionstrategyor40mJ/cm2ifUVisemployedasthesoletreatmentbarrier.Treatmentforadenovirusisonlyrequiredforsourcewatersthatmaybeinfluencedbysewageandrequirechemicaldisinfection.WhileUVsystemsmustbevalidatedinaccordancewithindustry-standardprotocol,includingtheUVDisinfectionGuidanceManual(UVDGM),nostandardizeddoserequirementsorguidanceisincludedforanypathogensotherthanCryptoporidium,Giardia,andadenovirus.Asaresult,applyingtheUVDGManddetermininga

validateddoseforthesizingandoperationofUVsystemsforthedisinfectionofalternatepathogensisproblematic.TheOntarioMinistryoftheEnvironmentandClimateChange,incollaborationwithBlack&Veatch,arecurrentlyworkingonaprojecttodevelopstandardizeddoserequirementsandprocedurestocalculatevalidationfactorsforrotavirus.Phase1oftheprojectincludedaliteraturereviewtoidentifyexistingsourcesofinformation,analysisofexistingdata,andidentificationofinformationgaps.Threekeyareaswhereinformationwasrequiredwereidentifiedincluding(a)standardizedUVdose-response;(2)REDbiasfactors;and(3)actionspectrabiascorrectionfactors.Phase1hasbeencompletedandtheprojectteamisdevelopingplanstoproceedtoPhase2,whichwilladdresstheidentifiedinformationgapsanddevelopaguidancedocumentforrotavirusinactivation.PERFORMANCEISTHEKEY:SubstitutionofaparallelUVsystemwithatransversalstaggeredonetoachievedisinfectiongoals.RecommendationsinoperationlowUVTsystemsAlvaroIrigoyen,CIEMSAAbstract:In2010,(OSE),theUruguayanwaterandsanitationcompany,securedacontractfortheconstructionofanewsewagesystemforthecitiesofMaldonadoandPuntadelEste.Completedin2012,it´sbasedonanimprovedprimarytreatmentplantwithanoffshoreoutfallof1100meters,andincludesaUVdisinfectionsystem.Itsmaximumcapacityis4,960m3/hTheUVToftheinfluenttotheUVsystemsislessthan40percent,Theoriginalsolutionwas,WedecoTAK55UVsystemwithtwobanksinseriesof11modulesand18lamps(LPHO)ineachmodulewithparallellampsdesign.Followingcommissioning,theoperatorsfoundthatthetechnologyoriginallyselecteddidnotperforminlinewithexpectationsofreduction,3log(99.9%)reductioninfecalcoliformnumbers.Workingtogether,theauthorwithXYLEM-WEDECOengineers,studiedtheequipmentanditsinstallation.Havingestablishedaclearunderstandingoftheparametersofthesystem,theXylemteamwasabletorecommenda‘bestfit’solutionwhichwouldensureoptimumefficiencyandreliability-WedecoDuronUVsystemconsistsof216lampsin1channel(18modules-12lampseach,installedinsixbanks).transversal-staggereddesign.ThisstudyexaminestwodisinfectionsystemdesignsandprovidesrecommendationsonoptimizingsystemdesignwithlowUVTinfluent.Afteroneyearofworkingwitheachequipment(parallelfirstandinclinednow)weareinordertwocomparethedesignandtheefficiencyofeachoneandtheirPROSANDCONS.

LEDs1NextGenerationUVDisinfection–HowUV-CLEDsWillEnableNewApplicationsMollyMcKain,AquiSenseTechnologiesAbstract:Authors:MollyMcKain,OliverLawal,JenniferPagan,andJimCosmanMercury-vaporUV-Clampswerecommercializedinthe1970sandbecametheUVtechnologyofchoice.Theindustrysteadilygrewforthenext40years,butgrowthhasdrasticallyslowedinrecentyears.ThispaperexploreshowUV-CLEDsystemsenablethedevelopmentofnewapplicationsandtherebyenhanceUVmarketgrowth.ThepresentationwillreviewcurrentandanticipatedUV-CLEDapplicationsaswellasproposedrevisionstoNSF55.Mercury-vaporlampshavelongbeentheonlyviableUV-Cgeneratingoption,butUV-CLEDsystemscanbeproducedwithouttheheavymetal.InnumerablemedicalUV-CopportunitiespreviouslyinaccessibleduetohospitalslimitingmercuryarenowachievablebyUV-CLEDsbecausetheyeliminatetheriskofmercurycontaminatedwater,causedbyvaporlampfailure,reachingpatients.UV-CLEDsystemshaveafootprint75%smallerthancomparablemercury-basedsystemsandturnon/offinstantaneously,makingthemidealforPointofUseapplicationswhereUVtechnologyhasformerlyconcededsuchasbehindshowerheadsandinsiderefrigerators.UV-CLEDsystemsarealsoveryrobustandarebeingconsideredformultipleaviationandspace-basedprojectsthatfragilemercurysystemswouldbeill-suitedfor.SomeLEDsystemshavealreadyearnedNSF61certification.UV-CLEDsareenablingtheexpansionofUVtechnology,butitisimportanttorecognizetheyarenotnecessarilyanexactreplacementformercury-vaporlamps.ThedevelopmentofUV-CLEDbasedsystemrequiresaparadigmshiftinapproachtodesignbecauseUV-CLEDsarefarlessefficientthanmercury-vaporlampsasanindividuallightsource.However,ifLEDsystemsemploynoveltechniquestocompensateforthisinefficiencyanddeliveranadequatedisinfectingdose,theybecomeaviableoptionforexpandingtheUVmarket.ExistingUVvalidationprotocolsmustalsobemodernizedtoenablethetimelyutilizationofthesesystems.BestPracticesInMeasuringthePowerOutputofUVCLEDsRajulRandive/LeoSchowalter,CrystalISAbstract:TheUVCLEDscontinuetogaintractionwithondemanddisinfectionapplications.Duringdiscretediodetesting,customersmayoftenseeadifferenceinthemeasuredlightoutputcomparedtotheoutputspecifiedonthemanufacturer’sdatasheet.Atthepresenttime,guidelinesforreliable,standardizedmeasurements

donotexisteventhoughsuchstandardswouldprovidecustomerswithawaytocompareUVCLEDsofferedbydifferentmanufacturersandensureaccuraterepeatableopticalpropertymeasurements.IndividualUVCLEDmanufacturersneedtodeveloptechniquestoaccuratelymeasureandrepresenttheopticalpropertiesoftheirproducts.Inthispaper,wediscussanapproachformanufacturersandcustomerstomeasuretheUVCLEDoutputwithapulsemodemethod.Theobjectiveistoreproduciblymeasurethepowerofthedeviceinawaythatminimizestheimpactofheatgenerationduringproductmeasurementwithoutnecessitatingtheattachmentofathermalmanagementsystemandstillcapturesapowerthatisrepresentativeofcontinuouswaveoperationwiththermalmanagement.Ageneralmethodologywillbeintroducedwithexamplesontheimpactofpulselengthonthemeasuredpoweroutput.Implicationsofmeasurementequipmentandcalibrationprocesseswillalsobepresented.AUV-CLEDtocontrastAcanthamoebakeratitiscausedbycontactlensesGabrieleMessina,UniversityofSienaAbstract:ThediffusionofUV-CLEDsfordisinfectionofsurfacesandfluidsisrapidlyincreasingbecauseoftheirlargeadvantageswithrespecttomercurylampsandtheprogressivereductionofmarketentrybarriersandcosts.Forlow-powerirradiationofsmallandwellexposedsurfaces,UV-CLEDsarealreadyeffective.TheUV-CLEDdisinfectionofcontactlens(CLs)isafascinatingchallengebecausetheUV-Cdosemustbecalibratedasasuitabletradeoffbetweenthepossibledeteriorationoflenspolymersandtheoccurrenceofkeratitis,especiallythatcausedbyAcanthamoeba,verydangerousforsightandnotyettotallyeradicablebyanychemicalagent.InthepresentstudywetestedthedisinfectingpowerofaUV-CLED(275nmpeakwavelength)ofabout3.0mWpower,appliedtocommonly-usedmonthlyCLs.EachCLwasimmersedin1mlofphosphatebufferedsaline(PBS)contaminatedwith45units(trophozoitesandcysts)ofAcanthamoeba.CLswerethenirradiatedin1mlofcontaminatedPBSfor4hours;thenweplacedonPetridishes0.1ml(fromeachcase)andCLs(boththesides);comparisonswithmatchedcontrolsweremade.DisinfectionwasconsideredeffectiveonlyifAcanthamoebawasnotdetectedfrombothlensesandthehydratingliquid.Acanthamoebaswereallkilled,inbothoperatingconditions,indicatingthatUV-CrayswereabletocrosstheCLthickness.Moretestswillbecarriedout(inprogress)toassessthedamagefromprolongedUV-CLEDlightonvarioustypesofCLpolymers,toorganizepossiblecountermeasures.

MUNICIPALTREATMENT1UVProcurement:AHolisticApproachToProvideBestValueMichaelMcWhirter,MWHAbstract:TheCityofColumbus,Ohio,DepartmentofPublicUtilities(DPU),DivisionofWater(DOW),intendstoinstallUltra-Violet(UV)equipmentfordisinfectionatitsHapCremeanwaterplant(HCWP).Theprojecthascompletedthepreliminarydesignphasetoframetheprojectandduringlate2016isprocuringtheUVequipment.Detaileddesignwillbeconductedduring2017incollaborationwiththesuccessfulUVvendor.TheHCWPinstallationwillbeaninstillationofUVreactorsonindividualfilteroutletpipestoavoidsignificantcivilandstructuralconstructionatthesiteandgreatlyminimizetheoverallcostofimplementingUVatthefacility.ToensuretheUVequipmentprocurementwillprovidetheoverallbestvaluefortheCitytheprocesswillincludeevaluationofsignificantlymorethanthesimplepurchasecostoftheUV.Life-cyclecostswillbedeterminedforreplacementofsparepartsandprovisionofconsumablesincludingelectricityforrunningtheequipment.ThislifecycleevaluationissomewhatuniqueduetotheinstallationofalargenumberofUVreactorsonindividualfilteroutletpipesandthesomewhatunusualturn-downscenariosthatthisresultsin.TheimpactoftheUVequipmentonthewiderfacilitywillalsobeconsideredintheprocurement.ForexampletheadditionofheadlosshasthepotentialtoreducetheuseablevolumeofassetssuchasclearwellswhichhavealargevaluetotheCityasanexistingasset.TherequiredsupportinfrastructurefortheUVwillalsobeasignificantconsiderationandtheprocurementhasaclearlydocumentedwaytoevaluatethecostswhichwillbeincurredbytheCitytoensurethereissufficientelectricalsupplyforthenewUVequipment.Thepresentationwillexplainhowthepre-procurementoftheUVequipmentandtheinstallationoftheUVreactorsinthefiltergallerywillresultinthelowestcost.Itwillalsopresentthemethodologyusedforevaluatinglife-cyclecostsandthemajorcoststoinstalltheUVequipmentasanexampleofhowaprocurementprocessandbeplannedtoprovidebestoverallvaluetoapurchaserofaUVsystem.DeliveryofaStreamlinedandUnconventionalDual-VendorUVDesignfora100-YearOldHistoricDrinkingWaterTreatmentPlantGabeMaul,MWHGlobalAbstract:Likemostutilities,theCityofWestPalmBeachwaschallengedwithstrictbudgetandscheduleconstraintsintheUVdisinfectionupgradesoftheirWaterTreatmentPlant(WTP).Projectexecutionusingdesign-buildwasnotidealbecauseofthedifficultyofretrofittinga100-yearoldhistoricplantthatwascongestedwithpipework,someofwhichwasundocumented.InsteadofdevelopingseparatebiddocumentsforUVequipmentprocurement,theprojectutilizedanunconventionaldesignapproachthatallowedtheCitytomaintaincompetitionbetweenUVvendors.

Lowpressurehighoutput(LPHO)andmediumpressureUVreactorswereinitiallycompared,andbasedontheprojectedlifecyclecostsofLPHOversusMPsystems,theCityoptedtoallowbiddingonLPHOsystemsonly.TwoLPHOUVsystemswereshortlisted;thepreselectionofthesetwosystemswasdrivenbyloweroperationalcostsinlowUVTwater.Tofurthercondensethedesignandprocurementschedule,designdisciplinesworkedoverlappingschedulessupportedbydevelopmentofa3Dmodel.The3Ddesignapproachallowedinformationsharingbetweendesigndisciplinestosupportclashdetection.Additionally,designreviewswiththeclientweresubstitutedbyworkshops,allowinginteractionsbetweentheownerandthedesignteam,throughouttheproject.Thispresentationwilldescribethebudgetandschedulechallengeswereaddressedbydesigningmechanical,structural,architectural,electrical,andinstrumentationandcontrolssystemsoncommoncriteriasuchasfootprint,UVT,headloss,pressurelimits,installedpower,typeofcleaningsystem,powerqualitytolerances.Thepresentationwillalsoprovideaudiencememberswithanunderstandingoftheextrarequirementsandrisksthatunconventionaldual-vendordesignsrequire,andhowthedesignteamcanmanagethoseriskstomeetprojectbudgetandscheduleconstraints.DesigningaNewUVDisinfectionFacilityforMulti-BarrierPublicHealthProtectioninColumbus,OHChrisSchulz,CDMSmithAbstract:TheDivisionofWater(DOW)forColumbus,OhioiscurrentlyexpandingtheDublinRoadWaterPlant(DRWP)fromaratedcapacityof65to80mgd,andupgradingtheexistingconventionaltreatmentandlimesofteningprocesseswiththeadditionofozoneandbiologicallyactivecarbonfilters(BAF)forimproveddisinfectionby-productcontrolandanionexchangecontactorsforseasonalnitrateremoval.Followingcompletionoftheseongoingconstructionprojects,DOWplanstoconstructanew94-mgdUVdisinfectionfacilitytoprovideamulti-barrierdisinfectionprocess(togetherwithfreechlorine)formicrobialremoval/inactivation.ThedesignoftheUVdisinfectionfacilityinvolvedateameffortamongtheDOWengineeringsection,DRWPplantstaffandCDMSmith.SeveralkeyissuesimpactingthedesignoftheUVsystemwerediscussedanddecisionstakenbythisgroupthroughaseriesoffocused,collaborativeworkshopsduringthepreliminarydesignphaseoftheproject.Theseincluded:•SelectionofaCryptosporidiumdisinfectiontargetandrationaleforimprovingpublichealthprotection•Impactsoftheozone-biofiltrationprocess,currentlyunderconstruction,onUVtransmittance(UVT)andselectionofadesignvalueforUVdisinfection•PeakhourflowrequirementsforsizingtheUVsystembasedonfutureprojectedflowsfollowingtheDRWPexpansion

•UVsystemimpactsontheplanthydraulicgradelineanddesignapproachestomaximizedownstreamclearwellstorageandCTcreditforGiardiaandvirusinactivation•UVequipmentredundancyrequirementsfordifferentdesignflows•EvaluationofsixsitealternativesforlocatingtheUVfacilityatDRWP•Evaluationofmediumpressure(MP)andlow-pressurehigh-output(LPHO)UVsystemsbasedonindustrytrackrecord,O&Mrequirements,headlossimpactsandlife-cyclecosts.•DevelopmentofapreliminaryUVfacilitylayoutforthepreferredsitelocation—aretrofitstructureinsideanexistingclearwellThispaperwillpresentanoverviewoftheDRWPUVprojectandthekeydesignalternativesandtechnologyissuesaddressedatthedecisionworkshopsduringpreliminarydesign,whichsupportedthedesignofthenewUVdisinfectionfacilityforDRWP.WelcometotheModernAge:UpgradingMetroVancouver'sSeymourCapilanoUVDisinfectionFacilityBryanTownsendandRayTarnai,Black&VeatchandKarenTully,MetroVancouver

Abstract:MetroVancouver’sSeymour-CapilanoFiltrationPlant(SCFP)hasatreatmentcapacityof1800ML/day(475USmgd),andconsistsof24filterswithasinglelowpressure-highoutputUVreactorinstalledoneachfiltereffluenttrain.TheWedecoK143UVsystem,validatedin2005,wasdesignedinaccordancewiththeTier1approachofthe2003draftUVDisinfectionGuidanceManual(UVDGM).UVsystemsvalidatedwithtoday’smoderntechniquesarefarmoreefficientduetotheminimizationofvalidationuncertaintyandbiasascomparedtosimilarsystemsvalidatedinaccordancewiththeprotocolsofthe2003draftUVDGM.Black&VeatchconductedanevaluationofvariousK143validationsandidentifiedthemonitoringalgorithmthatwasthemostenergyefficientandrobustoptioninregardstoitsvalidationprotocol,algorithmformat,andassociatedvalidatedlimits.Statisticalanalysesdemonstratedthatalthoughthetworeactorsdifferedintheirvalidationpipingandreactorarrangement,thealgorithmsdevelopedfromthemorerecentvalidationcouldbeappliedtotheoperationoftheUVreactorsatSCFP.Followingregulatoryapproval,theupdatedUVreactorcontrolphilosophyandassociatedprogramweredevelopedbasedonthenewvalidationforimplementationatSCFP.UploadingandcommissioningofthemodifiedprogramwasconductedinJuly2016followedbyfunctionaltestingonselectedreactors.TheprojectiscurrentlyinitsfinalstageswiththemodifiedprogrammingexpectedtobeuploadedtotheremainingreactorsinthenearfuturefollowingfunctionaltestingapprovalbyMetroVancouver.Oncecompleted,themodifiedcontrolstrategywillnotonlygreatlyincreasetheUVsystemoperatingefficiencyoftheSCFPUVfacility,butwillalsoprovideamodern,robustmonitoringstrategywithincreasedconfidencethattherequireddisinfectiongoalsaremaintainedtoprotectpublichealth.

NOTE:Anintroductorypresentationonthisprojectwasgivenatthe2016IUVAWorldCongress.Thispresentationwillreviewsomeaspectspreviouslydiscussedbutwillalsocoverdetailsnotyetpresented,includingrequiredstepsforregulatoryapproval,onsitetestingactivitiesandlessonslearned.AOPANDREUSE2PermutationsandCombinationsforDesigningtheLargestWaterReuseUltravioletDisinfectionSysteminNorthAmericaBillSotirakosandDougWing,CarolloEngineers,Inc.Abstract:TheCityofSantaRosa(City)ownsandoperatestheLagunaTreatmentPlant(LTP)whichhasbeenprovidingCaliforniaTitle22reusewatersince1997.TheLTPcurrentlyhasaTrojanUV4000installedandtheCityisintheprocessofreplacingtheexistingmedium-pressureultraviolet(UV)systemwithalow-pressure,high-output(LPHO)UVsystem.Theexistingsystemhasasitevalidateddisinfectioncapacityof48.5mgdandtheCityisexpandingtheUVdisinfectionsystemcapacityto67mgdtomatchtheplantcapacity.Priorworkexaminedabroadrangeofalternativedisinfectionsystemsincludingpasteurization,sodiumhypochloriteandozonation.ThatworkconcludedthatUValone,orUVwithside-streamhypochloritewerethebestlong-termsolutions.Thispresentationwillreviewthepriorworkasbackground,thenleadintotheextensivedesigneffort.Redundancyhascostimplications,ouranalysisdocumentedhowtomaintainredundancyfor99%ofthetimewhileminimizingtheoverallcost.AspartofthedesignefforttheprojectteamtouredlargeUVsystemswithhorizontal,verticalandinclinedUVreactorsacrosstheUnitedStatestounderstandperformanceandequipmentsupplierservice.FieldnoteswillbesharedastheyhadalargeimpactonpreferredtechnologyforthenewUVsysteminSantaRosa.ThispresentationwilladdressthecriticalissueofflowsplitbetweenthemultipleUVchannelsandhowcomputationalfluiddynamics(CFD)wasusedasadesigntooltohelpfacilitatethedesign.Theprojectalsoinvolveseffluentdiversionsothat100%ofnon-compliantflowisrecirculatedbacktotheheadoftheplant.ThispresentationwilldiscusstheselectioncriteriausedtoselectthepreferredUVequipmentmanufacturerandwilldiscusstheprocurementprocesstheCityusedtomakethisselection.InformationgainedduringsitevisitsofperspectiveUVmanufacturers,andareviewofchannelcleaningmethods,quartzsleevecleaningmethods,supplierservicesandsupport,andconstructionandlife-cyclecostswereallincludedinthereviewofandselectionofthepreferredsupplier.VacuumUVadvancedoxidationofsurfacewateranditsimpactsofbiostabilityofthetreatedwaterMadjidMohseni,UniversityofBritishColumbiaAbstract:VacuumUV(VUV)isaviableAdvancedOxidationProcess(AOP)fortheremovalofmicro-pollutantsandvarioustoxinsinwater.Despiteitsmany

potentials,VUValongwithotherAOPs,faceapotentialchallengeassociatedwiththeirimpactonbiologicalstabilityofthetreatedwater.ThisisbecausepartialoxidationofnaturalorganicmatterinsurfacewaterduringthetreatmentmayleadtoanincreaseinAssimilableOrganicCarbon(AOC)andreducedbiologicalstability.ThisresearchaimedtoexaminandquantifytheimpactofVUVtreatmentonthebiostabilityofthetreatedwater.Surfacewaterfromvarioussources,withdifferentTOCconcentrations,underwentVUVradiationusingtwodifferentexperimentalsetups.First,kineticstudieswereconductedusingacustomizedcompletelymixedcollimatedbeamunitallowingirradiationwith185nm.Aflow-throughVUVreactor,equippedwithalow-pressureozonegeneratinglampemitting254nmand185nmUV,wasusedtoevaluatetheimpactofdifferentoperatingconditions.AOCconcentrationwasquantitativelymeasuredusingFlowCytometrybioassay.Also,biodegradabledissolvedorganiccarbon(BDOC)anddisinfectionby-productformationpotential(DBP-FP)ofthetreatedwaterweremonitoredtofurtherassesschangesinbiostabilityandwaterquality.Inthispresentation,wehighlighttheresultsofourbatchandflow-throughexperimentsonchangesinAOCandBDOC,aswellasDBP-FPs,oftheVUVtreatedwater.TheimpactsofUVfluenceanddifferentsalutes(inorganicions)onbiostabilitywillalsobediscussed.Theseresultsareexpectedtobeverybeneficialforthescientificcommunityinobtainingthemostappropriatetechnologies.EnhancingEfficiencyofUVAdvancedOxidationProcessesviaIronAdditionSydneyUlliman,UniversityofColoradoBoulderAbstract:"AdditionofironintheUV/H2O2processhasbeenshowntoincreasehydroxylradical(HO˙)production,andhasbeenusedtoeffectivelyreduceorganicsatcircumneutralpH;however,previousstudieshaveevaluatediron-assistedUV/H2O2systemsusingimpracticallyhighiron(>0.3mg/L)andhydrogenperoxideconcentrations(>10mg/L)inwatertreatmentapplications.Thegoalofthepresentstudywastoevaluatetheenhancedoxidationpotentialofiron-assistedUV/H2O2usingironlevelsbelowUSEPAsecondarydrinkingwaterstandards(0to0.3mg/L).Chemicallyandkineticallydiversecompoundspara-chlorobenzoicacid(pCBA),carbamazepine(CBZ),andn-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)wereselectedtoassessiflow-levelsofironincreasedHO˙radicalproductionandobservechemical-specificresponsestoiron-enhancedUV/H2O2treatment.Iron-assistedUV/H2O2efficiencyatneutralpHwasshowntobemostinfluencedbyphotochemicalandkineticpropertiesofthetargetchemicalandthewatermatrix.Foriron-assistedUV/H2O2testsconductedinwellwater,a20%increaseinHO˙productionwasobservedasmeasuredbytheradicalprobepCBA,andNDMAdegradationratesincreasedby14%to24%.CBZremovalwasneitherimprovedorinhibitedbythepresenceofiron.Interestingly,NDMAwastheonlychemicalwhere

ironadditionincreasedremovalratesinbothlow-carbontapwater(LCT)andwellwater.Furthermore,UVandiron,withoutH2O2addition,wasshowntoenhanceNDMAremovalby38%inLCTwaterand8%inwellwaterwhencomparedtoUVphotolysisalone.Insummary,thisworkprovidesanunderstandingofthefundamentalroleofironinaUV/H2O2system.Authors:SydneyUlliman,GarrettMcKay,FernandoRosario-Ortiz,PhD,KarlG.Linden,PhD"ThetreatmentofROpermeateforpotablereuseusingUV/chlorineadvancedoxidationwithlow-pressureandmedium-pressureUVlampsRonHofmann,UniversityofTorontoAbstract:UV/chlorineadvancedoxidationisofincreasinginterestforthetreatmentofwastewaterforpotablereusewheresecondarywastewatereffluentistypicallytreatedbymicro-filtrationfollowedbyreverseosmosis(RO)andUVadvancedoxidation.1,4-dioxaneisarecalcitrantcompoundthatcanbepresentintheROpermeatealongwithotheremergingcontaminants.WhileUV/hydrogenperoxidehasbeenusedforoxidizingthesecontaminants,UV/chlorinehasbeenshowntobeaneffectiveoption,havinglowerenergyrequirementsaswellasadvantagesatthelowerpHvaluestypicalofROpermeate.Theobjectiveofthestudywastoexaminethetreatmentof1,4-dioxanebyUV/chlorineinsimulatedROpermeateusingbothlow-pressure(LP)andmedium-pressure(MP)UVlamps.ThestudyinvestigatedtheeffectofpH,monochloramine,andnitrateon1,4dioxanedegradationefficiency.Ofthesethreeparameters,pHhadthemostsignificanteffectontheoxidationefficiency.1,4-dioxaneremovalratesincreasedwithadecreaseinpHfrom7.0to5.5.Thehighestremovalrates(1-logto1.5-logwiththeLPlampand1.4-logto1.6-logwiththeMPlamp)wereachievedatthelowestpHvalue(pH5.5).ThispHdependencewasduetotheincreasingconcentrationoftheOCl-ionsaspHincreasesanditshighreactivitywiththehydroxylradical(kOH,OCl-=8.8x10^9M-1s-1).HoweverthiswaspartiallymitigatedwiththeMPlampsystembecauseOCl-absorbsverypowerfullyatUVwavelengthsfrom260to340nmwheretheMPlamphassignificantoutput,therebygeneratingadditionalhydroxylradicalsevenatverylowOCl-concentrations.ForexposurewithbothLPandMPlamps,monochloramineandnitrateconcentrationshadminimaleffecton1,4-dioxanedegradation.ThisworkshowsthatmediumpressureUV/chlorinesystemswouldhaveelectricalenergyefficienciesthatareverycompetitivewithlowpressuresystemsatpHlessthan6andmaybebetterthanLPsystemsatpHabove6.5.Theexperimentalresultswerecomparedtoareactionkineticmodelofthesystem,andshowedgoodagreement.Thishelpstovalidatethemodel,whichcouldthenbeusedtointerpolateorextrapolate(withcaution)theresultstootherwaterqualityconditions.

AOPANDREUSE3Uncensored:IncorporatingUVIintoEEOBasedControlSystemsforPotableReuseAustaParker,CarolloEngineersAbstract:Advancedpurificationtechnologies,includingreverseosmosis(RO)andadvancedoxidationprocesses(AOP),areproventechnologiesforchemicalandpathogenremovalinpotablereuseapplications.ROpermeatehasahighUVtransmittance(UVT)andlowtotalorganiccarbon(TOC)concentration,makingitanidealupstreamtechnologyforUVAOP.Currently,therearetwoUVAOPcontrolsystemapproachestomeettreatmentgoalsforpotablereuse:electricalenergyperorder(EEO)andUVdose.Whilebothapproachesareabletomeetpermitrequirementsandprovidepurifiedwaterprotectiveofpublichealth,neitherofthemprovideahighdegreeofaccuracyfortruedosemonitoring.Forpotablereuseapplications,UVTandUVintensity(UVI)arecriticalonlinetoolstomonitordisinfectiondoseattheUVAOPinfluenttoensurelog-removal(LRV)permitrequirementsarebeingmet.ThecurrentlyinstalledandoperationalUVAOPsystemsforpotablewaterreuseinCaliforniautilizetheEEOconcept.Thisapproach(EEOcontrol)doesnottakeUVIintoaccountforsystemcontrol.Afterextensivestartuptesting,theCityofOxnardhasdevelopedanovelapproachtoUVAOPcontrol,whichistointegratethereal-timeUVIdatawiththestandardEEOapproach.TheUVI/QapproachisbaseduponthestartuptestingandtheprovendosenecessarytomeetNDMAtargets(<10ppt)andthe0.5-log1,4-dioxanereductionrequirement.ThispresentationwillincludedatafromtheCityofOxnardasanexampleofacombinedEEOandUVIcontrolsystemforcontaminantremoval.Title22UVAOPpermitimplicationsofthisnewUVAOPcontrolsystemwillbepresented,aswellasapotablereuseUVAOPpermittingupdate.TheHowtoGuideForUVHypo–FromTesttoDesigntoFullScaleOperationJensScheideler,XylemIncAbstract:ThecombinationofultravioletlightandsodiumhypochloritehasbecomeaviablealternativetotheclassicUVAOPwithhydrogenperoxideforpotablereusebecauseofitseconomicbenefits.Thispaperprovidesguidancehowthisnewprocessisimplementedstartingfrominitialbenchandpilotscaletestingtothefullscaledesignandoperation.Thedataweregainedfroma12monthpilotstudyandacorrespondingbachelorthesisfocusingonthefundamentalsofthisprocessaswellastheoperationaldataofthefirstfullscaleUVHypoAOPsystemforpotablereusedeployedattheTerminalIslandWaterReclamationFacilityinLosAngeles.CriticalcontrolpointssuchaspH,scavengingpotential,UVdoseandfreechlorineconcentrationarepresentedandhowtheywereconsideredforthefullscaledesign

andwhattheexperiencesarefromfullscaleoperations.ThepaperwillalsobenchmarktheUVhypowiththeUVperoxideprocesswithregardstoeconomicsandreliability.ManagingUV/UVAOPSystemConceptualDesignsatFourCityofTorontoWTPs–theIslandWTPCaseStudySarahWilson,LizaBallantyne-CityofToronto,BrandonBeck,BrianSahely–AECOMAbstract:4WaterTreatmentPlants,4Consultants,2.4Billionlitresofwaterperday,1objective:designaninnovativeUVsystemuniquetoeachplantthatachievestheCityofToronto’sdisinfectionandAOPgoals.InDecember2015,theCityofToronto(City)completedaWaterQualityMasterPlanthatrecommendedUVdisinfectionasthepreferredadditionalCryptosporidiumreductionbarrierateachoftheir4WaterTreatmentPlants.TheCitythenretained4differentConsultants,eachworkingatadedicatedplant,toprepareaconceptualUVdisinfectionsystemdesignwiththeaddedabilitytouseUVAdvancedOxidationProcess(UVAOP)fortasteandodourandemergingcontaminants.ThispaperwillexplainthechallengesthattheCityfacedwhilemanaging4differentConsultantteamsandtheapproachthatwasdevelopedtoensureeachdesignsatisfiedtheprojectobjectives.Itwillalsoelaborateontheproposeddesignforoneofthe4WaterTreatmentPlants;theCity’s400ML/dIslandWaterTreatmentPlant.Notonlyisthisfacilitylocatedonanoffshoreislandwithlimitedinstallationoptions,butitalsohascontractualrequirementsthatrequirescontinuous24/7operationfor46consecutiveweeksoftheyear.ThissignificantlyimpactedtheUVdisinfectionlocationselection,constructabilitysequencingandseveralotherfactors.TheCity’sUVdisinfectionprojecttakesanunorthodoxspinonthetraditionalconceptualdesign/detaileddesign-constructionphilosophy.Itbringsdifficulties,itbringsinnovation,anditcertainlybringsawholelotofexcitementforeveryoneinvolved.SulfamethazinedegradationinwaterbytheVUV/UVandVUV/UV/Chlorineprocess:Accuratedeterminationsofkineticparametersbasedonamini-fluidicVUV/UVphotoreactionsystemMengkaiLi,ChineseAcademyofSciencesAbstract:ConventionalbatchVUV/UVreactorshavesomeproblemsinbench-scalestudies,inducingarelativelylowaccuracyinthedeterminationofVUV/UVphotochemicalkineticparameters.Amini-fluidicVUV/UVphotoreactionsystem(MVPS)wasdevelopedinourpreviousstudy,whichcanemiteithercombinedVUV/UV(i.e.,185/254nm)beamsorsoleUVbeamsintoquartztubes(containingthesample)withanearlyidenticalUVphotonfluence.ItwasdemonstratedasapowerfultoolforstudiesonpollutantdegradationbytheVUV/UVprocess.However,forthenewlydevelopedMVPS,thedeterminationmethodsof

photochemicalkineticparameters(e.g.,photonfluence-basedrateconstantsandquantumyields)havenotyetbeenwelldeveloped,andthesewilllimittheMVPSapplicationinphotochemicalstudies.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedthedegradationofsulfamethazine(SMN),oneofthemostfrequentlydetectedantibioticsintheenvironment,byVUV/UVandVUV/UV/chlorineprocesses.ThephotonfluenceratesofUVandVUVoutputbytheMVPSweredeterminedtobe8.88×10-4and4.93×10-5einsteinm-2s-1,respectively,andthepath-lengthoftheUVbeamsinMVPSwasdeterminedtobe4.6mm.Then,thedeterminationmethodsofphotochemicalkineticparameters(e.g.,photonfluence-basedrateconstantandquantumyield)weredevelopedbasedontheMVPS.TheexperimentalresultsshowthattheVUV/UV/chlorineprocessexhibitedastrongenhancementconcerningtheSMNdegradationascomparedtothetotalperformanceoftheVUV/UVandUV/chlorineprocesses,althoughthephotonfluenceoftheVUVonlyaccountedfor5.6%ofthatoftheUVandtheinitialchlorineconcentrationisonly0.5mg/L.Inaddition,thesecond-orderreactionrateconstantbetweenhydroxylradical(•OH)andSMNwasdeterminedtobe8.9×109M-1s-1inVUV/UVirradiationexperiments,whichwereconductedwithoutadditionofanyotherchemical.ThisstudyhasdevelopedmethodsforthedeterminationofphotochemicalkineticparametersusingthenewlydevelopedMVPSandhasdemonstratedthattheVUV/UV/chlorineprocesscanbeappliedasahighlyeffectiveandenergy-savingtechnologyforthemicro-pollutantremoveinsmall-scalewatertreatment.DISINFECTION4AddressingvariableUVTandpeakflowchallengesforexistingwastewaterUVdisinfectionwithsupplementalPAAMichaelWatts,GarverAbstract:LittleRock’s(AR)largestwastewatertreatmentfacility(permitteddischargeofupto72MGD)currentlyemploysUVforeffluentdisinfection.However,meetingcoliformdischargelimitscanbeachallengefortheplantwhenflowexceeds25MGD(averageday).In2014,Garverappliedin-channelbiodosimetrytestingtoassesstherangeofdosesthatarefeasiblewithLittleRock’sexistingUVequipment.Thedatahighlightedthespecificwaterquality(effluentUVTransmittance,TSS)thatcanimpairUVdelivery.Alternative,supplementaldisinfectionstrategieswereevaluatedtoeitherreplaceorassisttheexistingUVsystem.Asequentialchemicaldisinfectantupstream,followedbydownstreamultravioletirradiation,canbeausefultoolforbridgingthegapforunder-performingorunder-sizeddisinfectionfacilities.15%PeraceticAcid(PAA)wasinvestigatedasasupplementaldisinfectanttoUV.TheuniquecharacteristicsofPAAasanalternativechemicaldisinfectant:noresidualquenchingrequired,fastcoliforminactivationkineticsandlowresidualcontributiontoeffluenttoxicitymadePAAanidealcandidatetoworkinconjunctionwithlow-UVdoses.Theresultsofan

on-going,12-month,full-scaletrialofsequentialPAAandUVdisinfectionattheLRWfacilitywillalsobepresentedtohighlighttheenhancedtreatmentcapacityofLRW’sdisinfectionfacilities.ThebenefitsofPAA/UVdisinfectionwillbediscussedincludingminimizingUVsystemcleaningandmaintenance,andoptimizationofbothPAAandUVdosing,whichcouldhavesignificantimplicationsforwastewaterutilitiesconsideringadoptingnewdisinfectionstrategiesordesignofnewdisinfectionfacilities.UVsensortomonitorthelowwavelengthcontributiontothedoseofMPUVdisinfectionsystemsSvenKaemmerer,XylemServicesGmbHAbstract:SinceWedecodemonstratedthelowwavelengthissuethroughthevalidationoftheirQuadron3000systemin2011,severalapproacheshavebeendiscussedtoaddressthevariousassociatedchallenges.Oneoftendiscussedapproachistomonitorthelowwavelengthpart(below240nm)ofmediumpressureradiationspectrum.Followingthispath,WedecodevelopedalowwavelengthsensorasasupplementaryUVsensortotheestablishedgermicidalsensor.InordertofittheUVsensortoexistingsystemsandbeingcomplianttotherelevantUVsensornorms,WedecobasedtheirsensorontheestablishedONORMdesign.Thedevelopedsensorischaracterizedbyadynamicrangeofatleast5magnitudesandisbasedonacompletelydifferentdiodeandfiltermaterial.DuringthedevelopmentofthesensoritbecameobviousthatthecurrentlywidelyusedSiCdiodematerialisnotsufficientforsuchasensor.TwofilterdesignsweretestedtoachievethebestfittothecorrespondingdoseofaMPUVsysteminclearseparationfromthegermicidalrange.Inthispresentationwewillgiveinsightsintothedetailsofthesensorconcept,withafocusontheselectivityforthewavelengthrangeaboveandbelow240nmtoacquireadistinctsignalthatismeaningfulinconjunctionwiththecommongermicidalsensor.Furthermore,thebehaviorofcriticalkeyparameterssuchaslong-termstability,accuracyandspectralresponsewillbediscussed.AsimplerandmoreaccuratemethodforcollimatedbeamexperimentsJamesBolton,BoltonPhotosciencesInc.Abstract:ThecurrentIUVAProtocolforCollimatedBeamexperimentsiscomplexandinvolvesmanyfactors,eachofwhichcontributestothetotaluncertainty.AlsothereisevidencethattheremaybesomeedgeeffectsfromUVreflectedfromthesidewallsofthePetridish.Finally,thereisnoconvenientwaytocontinuouslyrecordtheincidentirradiance.ThispaperwilldescribeasimplerandmoreaccurateCBmethodbasedonthephotonfluxconcepts.ThenewmethodinvolvesaconventionalCBsetupbutwitharingmaskplacedoverthePetridish.ThepurposeoftheringmaskistoassurethatnoUVbeamsreachthewallsofthePetridish.Themethodalsoinvolvesatinymicrofluorescentsilica

detector(MFSD)toallowacontinuousrecordingofthephotonfluxpassingthroughtheholeintheringmaskTheKI/KIO3actinometerisusedtodeterminethephotonfluxenteringthewaterandtocalibratetheMFSD.Theadvantagesofthenewmethodarethat:1.ThereisnoneedtodeterminethePF,RFandDFfactorseliminatingerrorcontributionsfromthosefactors.2.AnyproblemsfromreflectionofUVofftheinnerwallsofthePetridishareeliminated3.TheaverageirradiancecanbedeterminedcontinuouslyandthustakesaccountofanyfluctuationsintheUVlampoutput.4.Itisveryaccurate,sincetheprincipalsourceofabsoluteerroristhevalueofthequantumyield,forwhichtheabsoluteerrorislessthan3%.INNOVATIONSANDAPPLICATIONS1Tothemoonandbeyond:UVlightsthewayoutofLowEarthOrbitRichSimons,AquiSenseTechnologiesAbstract:SinceNovember2nd2000therehasbeenapermanenthumanpresenceinspace.However,thispositionistenuous:withtheneedforconstantresupplymissionstotheISS,itremainstiedtotheearthatadistanceof~250miles.Forsuccessful,long-term,lunarmissionswewillneedanewsetoftools.Acoreprincipleoffuturespacestationsisself-sufficiency,withtheeventualgoalofaclosed-loopecosystem.Thisengineeredenvironmentisdesignedforthecompleteregenerationofallresources.Closed-loopecosystemsrequiretherecirculationofresources,whichcancauseabuild-upofbiologicalcontaminants.TheISSisoftenthoughtofasasterilelab,somethingakintoacleanroom,butthat’sfarfromthecase.Despitebestefforts,reportshaveshownthegrowthofmouldinlivingquartersandcontaminationofpotablewatersources.Biologicalcontaminationcannevertrulybeeliminatedwithinahabitableenvironment.“Life,findsaway”.Controlofbio-contaminationwithinlifesupportsystemsisanoperationalimperative:itisamatteroflifeordeathforastronautswhodependonthem.OverdecadesUVhasbeenprovenasabroadbanddecontaminationmethodforairandwatersystems.CanUVrevolutionisethelifesupportsystemsofmannedspaceexploration?InJanuary2016AquiSenseTechnologiesEuropejoinedthetrans-EuropeanBIOWYSEconsortiumtohelpdevelopasystemforthesafestorage,andrapidmonitoring,decontamination,anddeliveryofdrinkingwaterforfuturespace

explorationmissions.ThispaperoutlinesthecriticalroleofultravioletdisinfectioninboththeBIOWYSEproject,andthefuturespaceexploration.Co-authors:OliverLawal,JenniferPaganHigh-PowerUVforBallastWaterTreatment:PossiblebutnotPracticalPo-ShunChan,TrojanTechnologiesAbstract:TherecentUSCGdecisiontorejecttheMPNmethodformeasuringtreatmentof10-50umorganismsintype-approvaltesting,eliminatesamethodforpropermeasurementofUVtreatmentwhichinactivatesorganismsbydamagingtheirDNA,preventingreproductionandthuspreventinginfectionsandinvasions.MPNisbasedonculturing,soitisabletoproperlymeasuretheimpactsofUVtreatment.Theapprovedmeasurementmethodfor10-50umorganismsinUSCGtype-approvaltestingistheETVStainmethod,whichmeasurescertaincellularfeatures(esteraseactivity,membraneintegrity)thatdonotrespondtoUVdamagethatotherwisedestroysreproductivecapabilities.Withmassive(e.g.10x)overdosesofUVirradiation,someorganismscanbeseverelydamagedandmadetoshowimpactsviathestainmethod(thoughsomeorganismswillshownoresponsewithstainsatall).ThispaperwilluseUVdose-responsedataandUVreactormodelstoexplainhowsuchUVsystemswillhaveproportionatelylargersize,costofequipment,andpowerrequirements.ItwillalsoexplainhowUVdosedeliverydependsuponwaterclarityandflowrate,leadingtoanotherstrategyofdesigningaUVsystemwithalesserincrease(e.g.5x),butthatcanonlybeusedinclearwatersand/oratlowerflowrates.WhileconventionalUVtechnologyprovidesadequateenvironmentalprotection,thesehigh-powerapproachesusingmassiveUVsystemstoshowimpactsviastainsresultsinUVsystemsthatareeithertoolargetobeeconomicallypractical,ortoolimitedinoperationalwaterqualityrangetobepracticaltoshipowners.TheMPNMethodandUV-BasedTreatmentSystemsBrianPetri,TrojanTechnologiesAbstract:TheUnitedStatesCoastGuard(USCG)recentlyrejectedanapplicationfortheuseoftheMPNDilution-CultureMethod(MPN)asanalternativemethodformeasuringtreatmentoforganismsinthe10-50umsizecategory,leavingtheuseoffluorescein-basedstains(FDAandCMFDA)astheonlyapprovedmethod.Thestainsarepurportedtoassessthelive/deadstatusoforganisms,andarethusthoughttobe“safer”thanaculture-basedmethodlikeMPNthatassessesreproductiveability.However,thestainsdonotmeasuredamagedonebyUVtreatmentsystems.UVsystemsinactivateorganismsbydamagingtheirDNAandpreventingreproductionandthuspreventinginvasions.Thestainsmeasuretheactivityofanorganism’sesterasesystemanditsmembraneintegrity,whicharenotdirectlyimpactedbyUVtreatment.SignificantlyhigherUVdosesandsignificantlylargerUVsystemswillberequiredtomeetUSCGstandardsusingstainsasthe

measurementmethod.Thispaperwillgiveanoverviewoftheissueandwillalsoreviewthescientificworkdonetoaddressit,bothfortheStainMethodandtheMPNMethod,intheareaofballastwatertreatment.TheDevelopmentofanAlternativeMethodtoQuantifytheNumberofLiving10-50umOrganismsforBallastWaterManagementSystemType-ApprovalTestsBrianPetri,TrojanTechnologiesAbstract:Atwo-partmethodwasdevelopedtomeasurethenumberofliving10-50umorganismsforballastwatermanagementsystem(BWMS)type-approvaltests.Thefirstpartisachlorophyll-basedmostprobablenumber(MPN)dilution-culturetechniqueforreproductiveautotrophs.Thesecondpartisanepi-fluorescentmicroscopicexaminationmethodformotileheterotrophs.Epi-fluorescenceisusedtoidentifyandeliminatechlorophyll-containingautotrophsfromthecount.Inthismethod,livingorganismsaredefinedasautotrophscapableofreproductionandheterotrophsthatexhibitmotility.Eliminationofreproductivecapacityrendersautotrophsharmless(invasionsareprevented)andeliminationofmotilityisagoodindicationofheterotrophdeath.Thistwo-partmethodisapplicabletoalltreatmenttechnologies.ForUV-basedBWMSsthatworkbyeliminatingreproductivecapacity,autotrophswillbeaccuratelymeasuredwhileheterotrophswillnot(heterotrophsrenderednon-reproductivecanstillbemotile).ThustheheterotrophmethodisconservativeforevaluatingUV-basedBWMSs.ThismethodcombinedexistingmethodsemployedatthreeBWMStestfacilities.QAQCprotocolsweredevelopedtomeasuretheaccuracyandprecisionofthemethodsusingstandardorganisms(TetraselmisandBrachionus).Fortheautotrophmethod,developmentexperimentsweredonetodeterminestandardmediaandtemperatureforincubations,therequiredfluorescencescoringcriteria,andtherequiredmonitoringperiodandfrequency.Theaccuracyoftheautotrophmethodonfieldsampleswasdeterminedbymeasuringtherateoffalsenegatives(organismsnotdemonstratinggrowth)viamicroscopicmethodsappliedtopre-incubationandpost-incubationsamples.INNOVATIONSANDAPPLICATIONS2EffectofUVtreatmentonformationofdisinfectionby-productsinchlorinatedseawaterswimmingpoolsWaqasCheema,TechnicalUniversityofDenmarkAbstract:AlaboratoryscalestudyhasbeenconductedtoanalysetheeffectofUVirradiationontheformationofseveralDBPsinseawaterpools.ThepoolsampleswerecollectedfromthreeindoorpublicseawaterpoolsandexposedtotwodifferentUVdosesandthenchlorinatedindarkfor24h.

Inthisstudy,effectontheformationofvariousvolatiledisinfectionby-productse.g.trihalomethanes(THM),haloacetonitriles(HAN)andhaloaceticacids(HAA),wereobservedinlaboratoryexperimentsusingmediumpressureUVtreatmentafterpost-UVchlorination.Resultsshowedthatpost-UVchlorinedemandwasincreased,dosedependently,withUVtreatment.Resultsalsoindicatedthatpost-UVchlorinationinducedformationofseveralDBPs.However,theformationofHAAsweredecreasedsignificantly,dosedependently,withpost-UVchlorinationwhichcouldalsomeanthatHAAsdecompositionmightoccurduetoheatfromUVexposure.Furthermore,thebreakageofHAAsmoleculesintosmallermoleculeswouldalsomeanthattheyresultedanincreaseinTHMs.Overall,theformationofHAAsweredecreasedbuttheformationofTHMsandHANswereincreasedwithpost-UVchlorination.ThereisneedtostandardizetheapplicationofUVsystemintheseawaterpool.NewWaterBrew-RecyclingWaterfortheHighestPurposeAbigailAntolovich,XylemAbstract:Asdemandforsustainablewatersuppliesincreases,attentionhasturnedtopotablewaterreuse.Althoughtheconceptmaystillseemextraneoustothegeneralpublic,waterpurveyorsarealreadypilottestingandimplementingfullscaletreatmentaroundtheworld.Thisbarrierofpublicperceptionislargelyduetoalackofinformationpresentedtothepublicabouthowfartoday’swatertreatmenttechnologieshaveadvanced.Toaddressthis,creativeandengagingapproachestodemonstratingpotablewaterreusecanhelptocapturepublicattentionanddeliverthemessageaboutthesafetyandeffectivenessofpotablewaterreuse.Effortstopromotethebenefitsofpotablereuse,andincreasedemand,shouldnotjustbeformunicipaluse,butalsoforcommercialuse.Therefore,theWateReuseAssociationformedateamtoproducepotablerecycledwaterfordistributiontohomebrewersassociationsthroughouttheUSforthepurposesofdemonstratingtheeffectivenessofadvancedtreatmenttechnologiesforpotablereuseandincreasepublicacceptanceandawarenessofpotablereuse.ApilotscalesystemwasoperatedatHillsboroughCountyUtilitiestertiaryreclaimedwaterfacilityinTampa,FL,incorporatingultrafiltration,reverseosmosis,andadvancedoxidationwithultravioletlightandperoxide.Resultsfromthepilotstudydemonstratedthatthistreatmentprocessproducedhighqualitywaterdrinkingwater.ThisprojectisthefirstdirectpotablereuseprojectinthestateofFloridaandprovidesanoutstandingexampleofvalidatingadvancedtechnologyforthisapplicationwhiledevelopinganoutreachandeducationapproachtogarnerpublicacceptance.BacteriaInactivationviaX-ray-inducedUVCRadioluminescence:TowardIn-situBiofoulingPreventioninMembraneModulesEzraCates,ClemsonUniversityAbstract:Wehavebegundevelopmentofanexperimentaltechnology–radioluminescencemembranebiofoulingcontrol(RMBC)–whichemploysluminescentparticlesexcitedbyexternallysuppliedX-raystogenerategermicidal

UVCwithinotherwiseinaccessibleconfines.Toinvestigateitspotentialasatransformativenewapproachforbiofoulingcontrolinseawaterreverseosmosis,radioluminescent(RL)materialsweresynthesizedandevaluatedforbactericidalperformance.AssessmentofthreePr3+-activatedphosphorcandidatesrevealedLaPO4:Pr3+tohavethemostfavorableluminescenceproperties;over2-loginactivationofE.coliwasachievedwhenalayerofbacterialsuspensionoverathinphosphorcoatingreceiveda74GyX-raydoseat150kVp.TheeffectofUVCRLresultedinadoublingofinactivationratesoverX-rayirradiationalone.FurthereffortsincludingX-raypenetrationmodelingandROmembraneUVCdosetolerancesuggestedthatUVCRLisapromisingnewmethodforbiofoulingcontrolinspiral-woundmembraneelements.Economicandpracticalconsiderationsforapplicationtoseawaterreverseosmosiswillalsobepresented.

INNOVATIONSANDAPPLICATIONS3ExperimentalEvaluationofUVReactorsinSeriesYuriLawryshyn,UniversityofTorontoAbstract:ArecentpaperbyLawryshynandHofmann(2015)utilizedtheorytoshowthattwoUVreactorsplacedinserieswouldprovideatleasttwicethereductionequivalentdose(RED)ofasinglereactorforagiventargetorganism,providedthatthesinglereactorvalidatedREDwasdeterminedusingatestorganismwhosesensitivitywasatleasttwicethatofthetargetorganism.Itwasshownthattheseconditionsheldtrueevenundertheworst-casemixingconditionsbetweenthetworeactors.Theobjectiveofthisstudyistoexperimentallydemonstratethevalidityofthetheory.AflowloopisusedtogetherwithmultiplelowpressureNSF55certifiedUVreactorsinseries,usingMS2andBacilluspumilusaschallengeorganisms.BacilluspumilusistwiceasresistanttoUVasMS2(D10of50-55mJ/cm2forBacilluspumiluscomparedto20-25mJ/cm2forMS2),thusprovidingtherequiredconditionsfordemonstrationofthetheory.Experimentsareconductedoverarangeofflowrates,UVT,andintermixingscenarios.Furthermore,whileitisimpossibletoexperimentallyreproducetheworst-casemixingconditionsbetweenthetworeactors,itispossibletoapproachsuchconditionsbyappropriatelyblockinglampoutputwithinasinglereactor.Thus,someoftheexperimentalresultsapproachtheworst-casescenario.Computationalfluiddynamics(CFD)modellingisusedtocomplimenttheexperimentalresults.Atpresent,thestudyisabouthalfcomplete,withfinalresultsexpectedbyNovember.ItishopedthatthisworkwillprovideadditionalassurancetoregulatorsaboutconditionsthatwouldallowmultipleUVreactorstobeusedinseriestoachievehighlevelsofdisinfection.AnobviousimmediatebenefitwouldbetheuseofmultipleNSF55systemsforadenoviruscontrolforsmallsystems.TheworkalsoprovidesinformationthatcanbeusedintheoptimizationofthedesignofnewUVsystemsthatincludemultiplebanksofUV.MethodforthedeterminationoftheUVCefficiencyofaUVlampmountedinsideaUVreactorJamesBolton,BoltonPhotosciencesInc.Abstract:IUVAhasestablishedaProtocolformeasuringtheUVCefficiencyoflow-pressureUVlampsmountedinair.However,todate,noonehaspublishedamethodfordeterminingtheUVCefficiencyforUVlampsmountedinsideaUVreactor.Amicrofluorescentsilicadetector(MFSD),whichisisonly1.0mmlongand0.3mmdiameter,wasmountedonalow-pressurehighoutput(amalgam)UVlamp.FirsttheUVlampwasmountedinairanditsUVCefficiencywasmeasuredinatwo-chambertestfacility.Atthesametime,theMFSDreadingandthelampsurfacetemperaturewererecorded.

ThentheUVlamp,withtheMFSDattached,wasmountedinanannularUVreactor.DIwaterwascirculatedfromatankwithachillerandheater.TheUVlampwasturnedonandallowedtocometoasteadystate.MFSDreadingsandlampsurfacetemperatureswererecordedevery5°Cupto40°C.TheassumptionmadehereisthattherelativechangeintheMFSDreadingbetweentheairsetupandtheUVreactorsetuprevealstherelativechangeintheUVoutputfromtheUVlamp.Hence,multiplicationoftheUVCefficiencyinairbytheratiooftheMFSDreadingsintheUVreactortotheMFSDreadinginairyieldtheUVCefficiencyoftheUVlampintheUVreactor.ThepresentationwillshowplotsoftheUVCoutput,voltageandUVCefficiencyofthetestedlampsoverthe7–40°Ctemperaturerange.ACOMPARISONOFUVTRANSMITTANCESENSORSATWWWTP’s-SuccessandChallengesGaryHunter,Black&VeatchAbstract:TransmittanceisoneofthekeycontrolparametersusedbyUVsystemtoadjusttheapplieddose.ValidationequationsandthuscontroloftheUVsystemcanbecontrolledusinganon-linesensor.Soiftheon-lineUVsensorismeasuringhigherthantheactualtransmittancevaluethenthesystemiswastingenergyandifthesystemismeasuringlowerthantheactualtransmittancevaluethenpotentialforcompliancemayoccur.Twocomparisonstudieshavebeenconductedtoevaluatevariousoperationalparametersofeachsensor.Duringthefirststudy,thewastewaterplanthadalreadyselectedforthetestinghadinstalledaHACHUVASsensoraspartofaUVinstallation.TwoadditionalOn-lineUVtransmittancesensorswereselectedbasedonavailabilityandeaseofinstallation.Datawascollectedfor30daysat5minuteintervalsfromthethreesensorsandcomparedtospotcheckgrabsamplingdatacollectedbyCitystaff.Resultsoffromallthreesensorsdidfindvariabilitybetweentheon-linemeasurementsanddatacollectedfromtheCity’slaboratory.Duringthesecondstudy,UVsensors(theHACHUVASandSensorxLEDunits)werelocatedatanutrientremovaltreatmentplantwithfiltration.Datawascollectedfor90daysat5minuteintervals.TheresultsofthisstudyindicatedveryclosecorrelationofUVtransmittancemeasurementsbetweenthetwosensors.Asummaryofoperationalconsiderationsdevelopedfrombothstudiesarepresented.Inadditionapresentworthanalysisusingtheresultsfrombothstudieswascompletedtoevaluateeachofthesensorsevaluatedduringthestudies.DecompositionofSucraloseinaSmallScale172nmReactorJenniferPagan,AquisenseTechnologiesAbstract:JenniferPagan(1),StevenPugh(1),OlyaKeen(2)1.AquisenseTechnologies2.TheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatCharlotteDept.ofCivilEngineeringSucralosehasbeenrecommendedasagoodindicatorcompoundforquantifyingdecompositionoforganicsinwastewater.Akeybenefitofsucraloseasanindicator

compoundisitslackofabsorbanceatwavelengthslongerthan220nm.AsignificantamountofresearchhasbeenperformedonsucraloseandotherorganiccontaminantsinwaterusingAdvancedOxidationProcesses(AOP)whereH2O2isphotolyzedbylowormediumpressureultraviolet(UV)lampstogeneratehydroxylradicalswhicheffectivelyoxidizethesucralose.TherateatwhichthesucralosedegradesduringAOPreactionswasfoundtobeslowerthanthatofotherorganiccompoundswhichreinforceditsusefulnessasanindicatorcompoundfororganicsinwastewater.Thisapplicationofsucraloseasanindicatorisonlyvalidifitsdecompositionissolelyviahydroxylradicals.Newmodelswouldneedtobedevelopedifothermechanismsofdecompositionsuchasdirectphotolysiswereintroducedinthesystem.VacuumUltraviolet(VUV)sourcesareimprovingandwilllikelybecomemoreprevalentincommercialwatertreatmentsystemsinthefuture.InaVUVsystemwithashortpathlength,sucralosewillundergodirectphotolysisaswellasdissociationviahydroxylradicals.LessresearchhasbeenperformedwithsucraloseandVUVsources.Thisstudyattemptstoquantifytheratioofdirectphotolysisandoxidationinduceddecompositionofsucraloseinasmallscalereactorwitha172nmplasmasource.TheeffectofpHonthereactionsisalsoexploredandsamplesareexaminedusingShimadzuTOC-LCPNorganiccarbonanalyzer.LEDs2UVFluxMeasurementofLightEmittingDiodesforWaterTreatmentGordonKnight,TrojanTechnologiesAbstract:Ultravioletlightemittingdiodes(LEDs)offeraninstant-onlightsourceinthegermicidalregionoftheelectromagneticspectrumforwatertreatmentsystems.TotalUVfluxvaluesforcommercialdevicesnowrangefrom~10–50mWperdeviceforLEDsemittinginthe265–290nmspectralregion.TheadventofarraydevicespresentsachallengeformeasuringthetotalUVflux,sincethetotalactiveareaofthearraycanexceedtheentranceareaofintegratingspheresnormallyusedforUVfluxmeasurement.Acompactgoniospectroradiometer(GSR)isusedtomeasuretheirradianceofLEDdevicesasafunctionofangle,andthenintegratedovertheentirehemisphereofemissionfortheLEDtoyieldthetotalUVfluxofthedevice.ThetotalfluxdeterminedbytheGSRisthencomparedtothefluxmeasuredbyanintegratingspherefordevicesthatcanbemeasuredwithasphere.UsingthedevicesoffiveUVLEDmanufacturers,theaveragedifferencebetweenthetwomeasurementmethodsis10±10%,whichiswithinthetotaluncertaintiesofthetwomethods.ThemeasuredUVfluxvaluesarethencomparedtothemanufacturer’sspecificationsatthesamedrivecurrentofthedevice.TheaveragedifferencebetweenspecifiedanddeterminedUVfluxvaluesisonly2±9%,exceptforoneoutlyingdevicewith30%higherUVfluxthanthespecifiedvalue.ThisindicatesthatthestatedUVfluxvaluesofthemanufacturersareinagreementorareconservativewhencomparedtomeasuredvalues.ThegermicidalUVfluxisthencalculatedfrommeasuredUVfluxvalues.ALEDdevicewitharatedpeakemission

wavelengthof285nmactuallyhadameasuredemissionwavelengthof290nm,witha61%deratingofthedeterminedUVfluxwhenthegermicidalUVfluxwascalculated.ComputationalmodelingofUV-LEDreactorsFariborzTaghipour,UniversityofBritishColumbia(UBC)Abstract:UV-LEDsofferseveraladvantagescomparedtotraditionalUVlamps,perhapsthemostsignificantbeingflexibilityinthereactordesignofwaterpurificationsystems.GiventheirsmallsizeUV-LEDsofferahigherdegreeoffreedominreactordesignandoptimization.TheperformanceofUVreactorsystemsisafunctionoftheinteractionofthreephenomena:hydrodynamics,optics,andkinetics.WewilldiscussthedifferencesbetweenthesimulationofthesephenomenainUVlampandUV-LEDreactors.WewillpresentaprecisemethodformodelingmicroorganisminactivationirradiatedbyUV-LEstakingintoaccountthecharacteristicsoftheradiationsourceandtheopticalpropertiesofthemedium.Inthisapproach,theexactemissionspectrumofUV-LEDistakenintoconsiderationbytreatingitasapolychromaticUVsource.Further,wewilldescribeaUV-LEDradiationmodelthattakesintoaccountrefraction,reflection,andabsorptionofthemediumtocomputethefluenceratedistribution.Finally,anintegratedmodelofsimulatingthebehaviorofUV-LEDreactorswillbepresented.ValidatingaTestingProtocolforMeasurementofUV-LEDLampOutputKariSholtes,UniversityofColoradoBoulderAbstract:Thedevelopmentofaprotocolwasinitiatedin2015toenableagreementondeepUltravioletLightEmittingDiode(UV-CLED)outputtestingconditions,methods,andreportingwhichwillenablegreatertransparencytosystemdesigners,regulators,researchers,andendusers.ThisprotocolisanIUVAinitiative,undertakenbyaworkinggroupoftheIUVAManufacturersCouncil,andisdesignedtonotonlyfacilitatestandardizedlaboratorymethodsbutalsocreateandvalidateaformalprotocolwhichlaboratoriescanusetobetterdescribetheoutputoftheirUV-LEDs.TheprotocolwasdesignedtotestandcomparestandardizedUV-CLEDlampemissionspectra(poweroutputandwavelength)withstandardizedequipmentunderdifferentambientconditionswithdifferentoperators.AnindependentthirdpartyattheUniversityofColoradoBoulderdevelopedandvalidatedtheproposedtestingprotocolforthemeasurementofUV-LEDlampoutput.Thestandardizedprotocolandcalibratedequipmentwassenttofourteendomesticandinternationalparticipants(UVLEDmanufacturers,systemdesigners,andresearchers)forroundrobintestingin2016.Measurementsconsistedofexperimentalconditions,outputspectrum,andradiometerreadings.Whileenvironmentalconditionsvariedslightlybetweenparticipants,variabilityinoutputspectrumandradiometerreadingsresultedlargelyfromoperationaldifferences,

likelydistancefromandorientationofthesourcetothesensor.Allparticipantresultshavebeenanonymizedandcompiledintoareportofoutcomes,andtheprotocolwithresultswillbecirculatedforreviewandpublishedbyIUVA.Thefinalprotocol,findingsoftheRoundRobindataandsummaryoftheprojectoutcomeswillbepresented.MUNICIPALTREATMENT2FromLiabilitytoReliability:TheLADWPGroundwaterExperienceJamesCollins,ArcadisAbstract:TheCityofLosAngelesencompassesanareaof465squaremileswithapopulationofnearly4millionresidentsandanannualaveragewaterconsumptionofapproximately215billiongallons.Localgroundwaterprovidesapproximately11%oftheCity’stotalwatersupplyandtheCityhasagoalofachieving50%ofthewatersourcessupplyfromtheSanFernandoBasinby2035.Groundwatersuppliesprovideanimportantlocalrenewablewatersupplytosupplementsurfacewatersupplies,especiallygivenrecentdroughtconditions.Unfortunately,over70%oftheLosAngelesDepartmentofWaterandPower(LADWP)groundwaterproductionwellsintheSanFernandoBasin(SFB)areimpactedbycontaminationcausedbyvariouscommercialandindustrialactivities.TheSFBisanaquiferthatprovidesdrinkingwatertoover800,000residentswithintheCityofLosAngeles.Contaminationhasbeencausedbyimproperstorage,handling,anddisposalofhazardouschemicalsbyindustries,aswellascommercialandheavyindustrialactivitiesdatingbacktothe1940s.Withoutcomprehensivecontainmentandgroundwaterbasinremediation,theCitywillsignificantlylosetheabilitytousethisvaluablelocalresourcewithinthenextdecade.Toimprovegroundwaterclean-upandincreasethesupplyofhighqualityrenewablewaterresourcesfortheCity,LADWPisundertakingaprogramtoevaluateandimplementgroundwatertreatmentthroughouttheSFB.This10yearprogramofupto$600MwillgreatlyimprovelocalrenewablewatersuppliesfortheCity.Treatmentalternativesarecurrentlybeingevaluatedforthefirstwellfieldandillustratesthecomplexityoftryingtoimplementtreatmentofthevariouscontaminationplumesgiventheextensivepumpingactivitywithinthebasin.Challengeshaveincludedevaluationofcontaminantsofconcern,treatmentalternatives,andfacilitysizinggivenprojectuncertainties.Extensivemodelingandbench-scaletestinghavebeencompletedtoevaluatepotentialtreatmentalternatives.UVadvancedoxidationisonetechnologythatisbeingevaluatedasanoptiontotreattheprimarycontaminantofconcern(i.e.,1,4-dioxane)aswellasothercontaminantsofconcern(i.e.,volatileorganiccompounds).

ThispaperwillpresentwillpresenttheapproachusedbyLADWPforbeginningtheexpansionoftheirgroundwatertreatmentfacilitiesandwillprovidethefollowinginformation:•OverviewofLADWPSanFernandoBasinProgram•Challengesfacedduringthedevelopmentofthetreatmentapproach•Approachesusedtoevaluatetreatmentalternativesandfasttrackthedesignandconstructionphasestoexpeditetreatment•Detailsofthesitespecificbench-scaletestingoftheUVadvancedoxidationtoevaluatetreatmentefficiencyforthetargetcontaminantsofconcern.EvaluationofUVandOzoneMediatedAdvancedOxidationforSantaMonica’sNewOlympicTreatmentPlantBryanTownsend,Black&VeatchAbstract:TheCityofSantaMonicacollaboratedwithBlack&Veatchtopilottestvarioustreatmenttechnologiesthatwillbeimplementedatanew3.5mgdwatertreatmentfacility.Whenconstructed,theOlympicTreatmentPlant(OTP)willtreatgroundwaterfromexistingandfuturewellstosupplementandenhancethereliabilityofthecity’swatersupply.Keyorganicconstituentsofconcerninthegroundwaterinclude1,4-Dioxaneandavarietyofvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs):trichloroethylene,tetrachloroethylene,methyltert-butylether,1,1-Dichloroethene,andcis1,2-Dichloroethene.Varioustreatmentsolutionswereinvestigatedtodeterminethebestavailabletechnologiesselectedforpilottesting,whichbeganSeptember2015.Pilotedtechnologiesconsistedofgreensandfiltration,reverseosmosis,airstripping,andadvancedoxidation.Advancedoxidationprocesses(AOP)includedpilottestingofultravioletlight/chlorine(UV/Cl2)AOPandozone/hydrogenperoxide(O3/H2O2)AOP.Ultravioletlight/hydrogenperoxide(UV/H2O2)AOPwasevaluatedonthebenchscaleusingacollimatedbeamdevice.UV/Cl2AOPwasnotviablefor1,4-DioxaneorVOCtreatment,likelyduetoapHof6.5,whichrepresentstheupperlimitforapplicationofthistechnology.WhileO3/H2O2wasdemonstratedtoachievethetarget1,4-Dioxaneremoval,thehighconcentrationofbromideinthesourcewaterresultedinsignificantbromateformation.ItwasconcludedthatUV/H2O2AOPisthebestavailabletechnology,astestingresultsconsistentlydemonstratedthatitcouldreliablymeetthetarget1,4-Dioxaneremovalwithnobyproductformationconcerns.Testresultswereusedtodevelopconceptual-leveldesigncriteria,performancemodels,costestimatesandpreliminarysitelayoutsforthefuturefullscaleOTP.ThispresentationwillfocusontheAOPtechnologiesevaluatedinthisproject,includingthepilottesting,technologycomparisons,anddevelopmentoftheUV/H2O2conceptualdesignforthefullscaleOTP.

ReplacingmembraneswithUVattheAppletonWaterTreatmentFacilityToddElliott,CH2MAbstract:ThecityofAppletonfacedoperationalchallengeswiththeirultrafiltrationsystemandsoughtalternative,lowercostpathogenbarrierstoachievetreatmentobjectives.UVdisinfectioncoupledwithwatersofteningandGACcontactorconversiontoGACfilterswasselectedasthepreferredtreatmentapproach.Thispresentationwillhighlightthekeydriversfortheproject,themajordesignelements,constructionandstartupchallengesandopportunities,withafocusontheUVdisinfectionportionoftheproject.