Monday 12/9RAP• How do you feel your final essay turned out?

– Explain.

Today:1. Finish Cromwell movie—40 minutes or so2. Review 10.23. Read Ch. 10.3—answer questions—Due

Tuesday?4. PPT Revolution –causes and effects

Tuesday 12/10/13

RAP-- Oliver Cromwell• What did you think of the movie?• Did they need to execute the king? Why or why

not?• What did you think of Oliver Cromwell?

Today:Finish CromwellBegin Ch. 10.3 Road to Revolt- page 321

English Civil War Ch. 10.2

Vocabulary•Divine right: monarchs derive their power from God and this power is absolute.

–James I, who became king after Elizabeth died childless, proclaimed his belief of divine right, in 1603.

•Martial law: temporary military rule with limitations on individual rights.

–Set up by Charles I after he became king, in 1625.

• Petition of Right: limits put on Charles I by the Parliament in 1628.– Forbidden to collect taxes; not imprison anyone

without just cause; troops not housed in private home against will of people; not declare martial law unless during war.

• Commonwealth: state ruled by elected representatives.– Parliament in England set up a republic known as

a commonwealth after they executed Charles I in 1649.

People:

• Charles I: Fought the Roundheads and Cromwell during the four years of civil conflict due to his absolute rule. Was executed after losing the battle. – After Charles I was executed England would never

have an absolute monarchy again.

• Oliver Cromwell: A Puritan who was tired of King Charles I rule and went to battle with him for four years. Known as “Lord Protector”; was very strict with English society.

Ch. 10.2– A King Returns to the Throne

• Constitutional monarchy: form of government in which the monarch’s powers are limited by a constitution.– Parliament set up this form of monarchy once

Charles II came back to England and was welcomed as their king in 1660.

• Habeas corpus: a law that stated a person could not be held in prison without just cause or without a trial.

• Cabinet: a small group of advisers selected from the House of Commons.– Selected to lessen quarreling.– During George I reign, the cabinet became stronger, due to

George’s lack of English speaking skills; he needed more help with running the country.

• Prime minister: head of the cabinet became known as the prime minister, who was also the Chief executive of the Parliament.

Events / Ideas:• 1665, plague killed 100,000 people and a fire

destroyed much of London– Some people falsely accused Catholics.

• Glorious Revolution, peaceful transfer of power from James II to William III and Mary II.

• Act of Settlement, 1701, forbid any Catholic from inheriting the English throne.

• Act of Union, 1707, uniting of Scotland and England forming Great Britain.

With the person next to you, discuss…based on the two previous readings how did Great Britain’s civil war and changing government impact the colonies?

AMERICAN REVOLUTIONPlease read Ch. 10.3: pages 321-326 and answer questions in your notes

Wednesday 12/11/13

RAP• Why did people come to the Americas? • What were some reasons the colonists were

unhappy with the British?

Today:• Review Ch. 10.3 – Turn in• Begin Ch. 10.4 –A war for independence

– Read the Declaration of Independence

Road to Revolt

• People came to America to escape religious persecution or to gain a new start in life.

• Many political radicals fled to the colonies; most colonies were British; many wanted equality, universal suffrage, and liberty.

The British Empire in America1. What role did the colonies play for Great Britain?

1. Raw materials1. South- plantations with tobacco, rice, and indigo2. Middle colonies – farmers3. New England colonies – ports on the sea, lumber, etc.

2. Markets for British manufactured goods2. What were the Navigation Acts?

1. Colonists were expected to export certain products only to Great Britain or to other British colonies

2. Goods coming to the colonies first had to go through Great Britain, where they were taxed with a duty tax.

3. All goods coming or going from the colonies were to be carried by ships built in Britain or the colonial ports.

3. What effect did the Navigation Acts have on the colonies?1. Develop a strong shipping industry2. Some businesses grew prosperous3. Smuggling goods in and out of the ports became a major part of colonial

trade.

BRTIAN WAS NEVER ABLE TO REALLY ENFORCE THE LAWS.

Colonial Political Power

4. Who could vote in the colonies? 1. Men who owned property could vote or men

who paid taxes.– How did this affect the colonies?

• Much easier to acquire land in the colonies, so a much greater percentage of the population could vote for their government.

Tightening Colonial Controls5. What was the French and

Indian War?1. A rivalry over land in the

Americas between Great Britain and France; started in 1754

– Who did the colonists side with?

• American colonists and some natives sided with the British and French Canadian colonists and some natives sided with the French. Many natives also sided with the French early on and later switched to the British who were going to be victorious.

– What did the British gain from this war?

• Britain acquired nearly all of France’s possessions in N. America. Land west of the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River and land in Canada.

Tightening Colonial Controls

6. What did the British do to help alleviate their debt from wars?

• Not let colonists move west of the Appalachians—avoid wars and cost too much to bring in more troops to protect colonists.

• Enforcing the Navigation Acts• Taxes – Stamp, Sugar, etc.

7. What was the Stamp Act? 1. The stamp act was a direct tax on the colonists– Why did it infuriate the colonists?

• All printed materials and shipping documents had to bear a stamp to show that a tax had been paid.

• Not a tax included in the price of goods but a tax paid directly to the government

Colonial Protests

8. How did the colonists protest the taxes?• Boycotted British goods and attacked stamp

agents, along with burning stamps in the streets

9. Why did the slogan “No taxation without representation!” come about?

1. Congress met and resolved that Parliament could not tax the colonies because the colonies did not have representatives in Parliament. “No taxation without representation!”

Colonial Protests10. What was the Boston Massacre?

• British soldiers and colonists clashed over taxing on tea, glass, lead, and paper. Five colonists were killed. Parliament repealed most taxes but kept the tea tax.

11. What was the Boston Tea Party? 1. British East India Company exported tea directly to

America which meant much cheaper tea prices, but colonists reacted against the 3 cent tax. Colonists dressed up as Native Americans and dumped tea into the Boston harbor.

– How did the British punish the Massachusetts colonists for the Boston tea Party?

• The British then passed the Intolerable Acts, closed the Boston harbor until the tea had been paid for, required colonists to feed and house soldiers, and also reduced the colonists’ right of self government.

Colonial Protests12. During the _First_ _Continental _Congress_

on September 5th, 1774, 56 colonial leaders met to discuss important colonial affairs.

13. Patrick Henry stated “I am not a Virginian but an _American_.”

14. Two other leading members were George Washington and Samuel Adams

15. How did the colonies prepare themselves for war? Organized a volunteer army and collected weapons.

A War of Independence: Ch. 10.4: Page

• Hostilities broke out near Boston in 1775.• Paul Revere and William Dawes rode to

Concord and Lexington to warn the colonial minutemen of the British.

• George Washington became the military commander for the Continental soldiers.

• Thomas Paine helped to educate the colonists on their rights by writing a pamphlet “Common Sense”

Causes of the American Revolution• Taxation - Britain tried to recoup the cost of the French

and Indian War from the colonies but denied them a place in parliament. This “taxation without representation” was deeply resented. (Stamp Act, Sugar Act, Declaratory Act)

• Colonial trade- Britain tried to restrict commerce between the North American states and other trading partners. (Navigation Acts)

• A ban on expansion- The colonists resented a British prohibition on expanding into the West. (Northwest Ordinance)

• Propaganda -Pro-independence patriots influenced public opinion against British rule. (Thomas Paine-Common Sense)

Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776close reading

• First paragraph– Preamble

• Second paragraph– Declaration of natural rights

• Body of paragraphs– List of grievances

• Last paragraphs– Resolution of independence by the U.S

Class read

1. Please circle powerful words in the Preamble as I read.

1. Discuss

2. Please underline important phrases with the person sitting next to you while I read Declaration of Natural Rights.

1. Discuss

3. Please discuss and pick 5 of the most important grievances listed with the person next to you.

1. Discuss as a class

4. Please discuss and explain what the last paragraph mean with the person next to you.

1. Discuss as a class.

Ch. 10.4 Revolutionary War

• Please read and complete the guided reading for Ch. 10.4.

• DUE Thursday

Thursday 12/12/13

RAP• How do you think most colonists reacted to this

declaration?

Today:• Review Ch. 104• Turn in Ch. 10.4 and vocabualry• Take Europe map test• Work on the study guide

Declaration of War• After the Second Continental Congress, wrote the

Declaration of Independence and adopted it on July 4th, 1776, war was inevitable with the British.

• A major turning point -- Saratoga, NY in October, 1777 with a British defeat.– inspired the Americans – Persuaded the French to come in on the American side.– Spain followed in 1779, giving the colonists a much needed

naval force.

• In October 1781, British army surrender at Yorktown, Virginia.

• In 1783 the British and Americans meet in France to sign a peace agreement —the British recognizing American independence.

Key Figures of the American Revolution: Colonists

• John Adams (1735-1826)– Influential drafting the

Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.

– negotiated the Treaty of Paris, and served as the second U.S. president (1791-1801).

Key Figures

• Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)– A printer, publisher,

scientist, and statesman, Franklin helped draft the Declaration of Independence.

– He enlisted French help for the colonists and negotiated the Treaty of Paris.

Key Figures: Colonists• Thomas Jefferson ( 1743-

1826)– A wealthy Virginia planter and

statesman, Jefferson was the main author of the Declaration of Independence.

– He was the third president of the U.S. (1801-1809)

– He purchased the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803.

Key Figures: Colonies• Thomas Paine (1737-1809)

– Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense (1776) turned American opinion towards independence.

– His The Rights of Man (1791) was a seminal text for revolutionaries.

Key Figures: Colonies

• Paul Revere (1735-1818)– A Boston

silversmith and printer. Revere warned of the British approach to Lexington and Concord in April 1775.

Key Figures: Colonies• George Washington

(1732-1799)– Washington commanded

the Continental Armies, driving the British from Boston in 1776 and forcing their final surrender at Yorktown.

– He was elected to be first U.S. president in 1789.

Key Figures: British• Marquis of Cornwallis

(1738-1805)– Cornwallis was the British

commander in South Carolina.

– After initial successes, he moved north and was isolated and defeated at Yorktown in 1781.

Key Figures: British• Lord North (1732-1792)

– North was British prime minister from 1770-1782.

– He tried to appease the colonists, but George III prevented him from compromising during the war.

EFFECTS of the American Revolution• A new constitution-

– the colonists drafted a constitution based on Enlightenment principles. (Magna Carta, Locke-social contract based on sovereignty, Montesquieu-separation of powers; Rousseau-natural rights; petition of right)

– By 1790, the U.S. was the most democratic nation in the world.

• Liberalization-– Slavery was gradually abolished in Northern States.

• Expansion of the U.S.- – U.S. settlements gradually pushed west into Indian

territory.• Revolutionary ideas-

– The American experience showed for the first time in modern history that revolt against the old order could be successful-an idea that inspired revolutions in France (1789) and later in South America.

Extra Credit due Monday Create a political cartoon on something from Ch. 10.3—reasons for

unrest…• How to create a political cartoon.

– Elements of a political Cartoon• A message/point of view about a person/subject/or event• Two or more of the following:

– Caricature- distorting or exaggerating a person’s physical features

– Stereotyping- showing all persons of one group as looking or acting the same

– Symbols – using a sign or an object to stand for something else, such as an elephant for the Republican Party

– Labels-using written words to identify elements of the cartoon

– Exaggeration – portraying a situation as “larger than life”– Humor – poking fun at a situation.

4. The French and Indian War adversely affected the British in two ways: the cost of the war in the Americas and Europe cost the British heavily, along with colonists wanting to move in to the new territory gained by defeating the French.

5. Three actions taken by Grenville that angered the colonists are, one, enforcing the Navigation Acts, two, housing troops in colonists’ homes, and three, the passing of the Stamp Act.

6. The Stamp Act angered colonists because it was a direct tax. Required that all materials be taxed, which went directly to the government.

7. The slogan that best summarized the basis for the colonists resistance was “No taxation without representation!”

8. The protest that resulted in colonists death was the Boston Massacre.

9. The protest that led to the instilling of the Intolerable Acts was the Boston Tea Party.

10. Three provisions of the Intolerable Acts were the closing of the Boston Harbor; required colonists to feed and house soldiers; and reduction of colonists right of self government.

Road to Revolt: Ch. 10.31. In the British mercantilist view, the colonies were

valuable for two reasons: produce goods– mostly raw materials and to provide markets for British goods.

2. Three regions of the colonies were southern- tobacco, rice, and indigo by slaves; middle– rich farm land; New England– ports, shipbuilding, sea food, lumber.

3. Three provisions of the Navigation Acts were the colonists were required to export certain products only to Great Britain or to other British colonies; all goods going to the colonies had to first pass through Great Britain, where a duty, or tax was paid; and finally all goods going to or coming from the colonies were to be carried by ships built in British or colonial ports.