Mollusca Mollusca OrganismsOrganisms

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Who are they?Who are they?

Organisms from the Phylum Mollusca Organisms from the Phylum Mollusca About 100, 000 different varieties About 100, 000 different varieties

that can be found both in water and that can be found both in water and inlands inlands [7][7]

Mollis = soft (from Latin) Mollis = soft (from Latin) [3][3]

Bilateral symmetrical Bilateral symmetrical [7][7]

Mollusca as a Part of the Mollusca as a Part of the CladogramCladogram

Place in the evolutionary tree Place in the evolutionary tree (13)(13) Domain – EukaryoticDomain – Eukaryotic Kingdom – Metazoan (animals)Kingdom – Metazoan (animals) Group of phyla - BilateriaGroup of phyla - Bilateria Subgroup of phyla – LophotrochozoaSubgroup of phyla – Lophotrochozoa Phylum – MolluscaPhylum – Mollusca Arthropods (insects and spiders) - same group Arthropods (insects and spiders) - same group

of phyla as Mollusca.of phyla as Mollusca. Humans and Mollusca belong to the Humans and Mollusca belong to the

Bilateria group of phyla. Bilateria group of phyla. (13)(13)

What is unique about them?What is unique about them? As their name points out, often have As their name points out, often have

soft body soft body within a hard calcareous shell within a hard calcareous shell (7)(7)

Shell formed from secretions of mantle Shell formed from secretions of mantle (3)(3)

Mantle cavity – formed by folds of Mantle cavity – formed by folds of mantle mantle (3)(3)

Statocyst - balance organ incorporated Statocyst - balance organ incorporated in the foot structure in the foot structure (3)(3)

Representatives of the Representatives of the Mollusca PhylumMollusca Phylum

http://www.naturfoto-cz.de/photos/others/roman-snail-21973.jpg

Clams/BivalvaClams/Bivalva

Both in fresh and salt water (2)Both in fresh and salt water (2) IInhabit coastal waters from Florida to nhabit coastal waters from Florida to

the Gulf of St. Lawrencethe Gulf of St. Lawrence,, along the Gulf along the Gulf of Mexico to the Yucatan Peninsulaof Mexico to the Yucatan Peninsula,, South Carolina South Carolina (2)(2)

Filter feeders eating plankton (13)Filter feeders eating plankton (13) Locomotion (2)Locomotion (2)

A bivalve closes its shells by contracting its A bivalve closes its shells by contracting its powerful adductor musclespowerful adductor muscles

Foot used for burrowingFoot used for burrowing

Clams’ Life and RoleClams’ Life and Role

Two stages of the life cycle:Two stages of the life cycle: larva stage - larva stage - The oldest part of the clam The oldest part of the clam

shell is the umbo, and it is from the shell is the umbo, and it is from the hinge area that the clam extends as it hinge area that the clam extends as it grows. grows. At some point a shell and a foot At some point a shell and a foot developdevelop

Reproduction stage – spawning processReproduction stage – spawning process GlochidiaGlochidia, larva in fresh water,, larva in fresh water, can be can be

serious pests of freshwater fishserious pests of freshwater fish (6) (6)

Octopus Octopus Latin Name: Latin Name: Octopus vulgarisOctopus vulgaris (9) (9) Found in the world’s temperate oceansFound in the world’s temperate oceans

in warm weathers - near Britain (1)in warm weathers - near Britain (1) along the northern Pacific coasts from the Sea of along the northern Pacific coasts from the Sea of

Japan east to Alaska and south to California (9)Japan east to Alaska and south to California (9) Ranging in size from a just few centimeters to even a Ranging in size from a just few centimeters to even a

few meters (9)few meters (9) Feeds mainly on crabs, lobsters, crayfish and other Feeds mainly on crabs, lobsters, crayfish and other

molluscs (9)molluscs (9) Move by crawling/ swimming; may use their armsMove by crawling/ swimming; may use their arms

Ex.: walk on two of them Ex.: walk on two of them

http://www.ypte.org.uk/UserFiles/Image/Factsheet%20images/animal_facs/Animals%20-%20O/commonoctopus.jpg

Octopus’s Life CycleOctopus’s Life Cycle

Female lays the eggs; takes care of Female lays the eggs; takes care of them for 2-3 months (8)them for 2-3 months (8)

Eggs hatch – larvae that looks like Eggs hatch – larvae that looks like tiny octopuses (9)tiny octopuses (9)

Flow as plankton in the sea (9)Flow as plankton in the sea (9) After a life of about 2-3 years, male After a life of about 2-3 years, male

die after they’ve fertilized eggs (8)die after they’ve fertilized eggs (8) Females die after egg is hatched (8)Females die after egg is hatched (8)

Snails…Snails… Most gastropods haveMost gastropods have::

spirally coiled shell into which the body can be spirally coiled shell into which the body can be withdrawnwithdrawn

Land snail, freshwater snail and marine snail Land snail, freshwater snail and marine snail ((majority of snail speciesmajority of snail species))

Live almost everywhereLive almost everywhere including ditc including ditches and hes and deserts.deserts.

Eat primarily Eat primarily dying plantdying plants ors or fruits fruits and and living living plantsplants.. Freshwater snails eat Freshwater snails eat remains of dead animals remains of dead animals

and plantsand plants. . [10, 6[10, 6]] LocomotionLocomotion

SnailsSnails have a muscular foot which is used for have a muscular foot which is used for "creeping“"creeping“, , swimming or burrowingswimming or burrowing

As it moves, the snail releases a slippery slimeAs it moves, the snail releases a slippery slime which makes the movement easierwhich makes the movement easier

……Snails…Snails…

DigestionDigestion Radulas Radulas - - hard, ribbonlike organs that look hard, ribbonlike organs that look

like tongues. like tongues. TheyThey contain rows of tiny contain rows of tiny teeth. teeth. These rows of teeth are replaced These rows of teeth are replaced overtime.overtime.

The food forms a string of food particles. The food forms a string of food particles. The string is then rolled on the prostyle The string is then rolled on the prostyle

which is a cone like part that is rotated. which is a cone like part that is rotated. The food is sorted and goes to the stomach. The food is sorted and goes to the stomach.

http://sarah-n-dipitous.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/2007/10/01/snail_moving.jpg

……SnailsSnails Ecological roleEcological role

SSnailsnails and other mollusca and other mollusca are vital to healthy are vital to healthy ecosystems. ecosystems.

Freshwater snails Freshwater snails - - food for fishfood for fish; ; recyclers of recyclers of plant and animal wasteplant and animal waste. . [4][4]

Life cycleLife cycle Snails can be both hermaphrodites or have Snails can be both hermaphrodites or have

sexes. All snails lay eggs. sexes. All snails lay eggs. Initially snails do not have shells. Over time the Initially snails do not have shells. Over time the

skin (mantle) releases liquid that gradually skin (mantle) releases liquid that gradually hardens and forms shellhardens and forms shell..

The size of the shell is a sign for the age of the The size of the shell is a sign for the age of the snail. snail. (6)(6)

Men and MolluscsMen and Molluscs We eat We eat Mussel and oyster beds, clam-flats and Mussel and oyster beds, clam-flats and

other abundant shellfish other abundant shellfish The oldest form of money known is that of the The oldest form of money known is that of the

seashell. seashell. Shells have been ground up for use in potionsShells have been ground up for use in potions Man has long been inspired by the graceful Man has long been inspired by the graceful

symmetry and beauty of shells. symmetry and beauty of shells. Dyes made from molluscs were used to beautify Dyes made from molluscs were used to beautify

clothing and other items made from cloth.clothing and other items made from cloth. Shells have had an indirect influence in advancing Shells have had an indirect influence in advancing

on Industryon Industry The collection and study of shells, whether by The collection and study of shells, whether by

amateurs or professionals, is called amateurs or professionals, is called ConchologyConchology..[3][3]

Guggenheim MuseumGuggenheim Museum

http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/m/images/museum_wrigh.gugg.2.lg.jpg

Octopuses are fun!Octopuses are fun!

If an octopus loses one of its eight If an octopus loses one of its eight arms, it grows a new one in its placearms, it grows a new one in its place!!

An octopus has three heartsAn octopus has three hearts. . Amazing! (7)Amazing! (7)

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Works CitedWorks Cited

Work Cited:Work Cited:1.1. A-Z Animals. "Octopus." A-Z Animals. "Octopus." A-Z AnimalsA-Z Animals. N.p., 2009. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. . N.p., 2009. Web. 28 Mar. 2010.

     <http://a-z-animals.com/animals/octopus/>.     <http://a-z-animals.com/animals/octopus/>.2.2. Allegany County Public Schools. "Phylum Mollusca: Mollusks ." Allegany County Public Schools. "Phylum Mollusca: Mollusks ." Allegany County Allegany County

          Public SchoolsPublic Schools. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. . N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://infusion.allconet.org/webquest/PhylumMollusca.html>.<http://infusion.allconet.org/webquest/PhylumMollusca.html>.

3.3. Bourquin, Avril, and Ross Mayhew. "Elegant Margin Shell." Bourquin, Avril, and Ross Mayhew. "Elegant Margin Shell." Man and MolluscMan and Mollusc. N.p., . N.p.,

     Dec. 1999. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://www.manandmollusc.net/      Dec. 1999. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://www.manandmollusc.net/      advanced_uses/man_and_mollusc.html>.     advanced_uses/man_and_mollusc.html>.

4.4. Buzzle.com. "Phylum Mollusca Characteristics." Buzzle.com. "Phylum Mollusca Characteristics." BuzzleBuzzle. N.p., 2010. Web. 28 Mar. . N.p., 2010. Web. 28 Mar.      2010. <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/      2010. <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/      phylum-mollusca-characteristics.html>.     phylum-mollusca-characteristics.html>.

5.5. Christine, E. "The Global Decline of Mollusks." Christine, E. "The Global Decline of Mollusks." ActionbioscienceActionbioscience. N.p., Apr. . N.p., Apr.      2008. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://www.actionbioscience.org/biodiversity/      2008. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://www.actionbioscience.org/biodiversity/      parent.html>.     parent.html>.

6.6. Derek Kellogg and Daphne G. Fautin.”Class Bivalvia”. 26 January 2001. March 28, Derek Kellogg and Daphne G. Fautin.”Class Bivalvia”. 26 January 2001. March 28, 2010. 2010. <http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bivalvia.html<http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bivalvia.html>>

Work CitedWork Cited

7. 7. HowStuffWorks, Inc. "Mollusk." HowStuffWorks, Inc. "Mollusk." HowStuffWorksHowStuffWorks. N.p., 2010. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. . N.p., 2010. Web. 28 Mar. 2010.      <http://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/mollusk-info.htm>.     <http://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/mollusk-info.htm>.

8. 8. HowStuffWorks, Inc. "Snail." HowStuffWorks, Inc. "Snail." HowStuffWorksHowStuffWorks. N.p., 2010. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. . N.p., 2010. Web. 28 Mar. 2010.      <http://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/snail-info.htm>.     <http://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/snail-info.htm>.

9. 9. Forces of Nature. "Characteristics Of Mollusca." Forces of Nature. "Characteristics Of Mollusca." Forces of NatureForces of Nature. N.p., 2010. . N.p., 2010.      Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://www.forces-of-nature.net/topics/molluscum/      Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://www.forces-of-nature.net/topics/molluscum/      Characteristics_Of_Mollusca_2.htm>.     Characteristics_Of_Mollusca_2.htm>.

10. 10. Life on the Rocky Shore. "Octopus." Life on the Rocky Shore. "Octopus." Giant Pacific OctopusGiant Pacific Octopus. N.p., Oct. 2002. . N.p., Oct. 2002. Web. Web.      28 Mar. 2010. <http://library.thinkquest.org/J001418/octopus.html>.     28 Mar. 2010. <http://library.thinkquest.org/J001418/octopus.html>.

11. 11. People's Trust for the Environment. "Octopus." People's Trust for the Environment. "Octopus." People's Trust for the People's Trust for the           EnvironmentEnvironment. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://www.ypte.org.uk/ . N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://www.ypte.org.uk/      animal/octopus-common-/148>.     animal/octopus-common-/148>.

12. 12. Schulz, Katja, and Barna Páll-Gergely. "Gastropoda." Schulz, Katja, and Barna Páll-Gergely. "Gastropoda." Encyclopedia of LifeEncyclopedia of Life. N.p., . N.p.,      26 Feb. 2010. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://www.eol.org/pages/2366>.     26 Feb. 2010. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://www.eol.org/pages/2366>.

13. 13. The Assateague Naturalist. "Bivalve Anatomy." The Assateague Naturalist. "Bivalve Anatomy." The Assateague NaturalistThe Assateague Naturalist. . N.p., N.p.,      2001. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://www.assateague.com/nt-bival.html>.     2001. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://www.assateague.com/nt-bival.html>.

14. 14. Tree of Life Project. "Bilateria." Tree of Life Project. "Bilateria." Tree of LifeTree of Life. N.p., 2004. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. . N.p., 2004. Web. 28 Mar. 2010.      <http://tolweb.org/Bilateria/2459>.     <http://tolweb.org/Bilateria/2459>.