ByDr. Maria Selvester Thadeus, M.Biomed2010

bagian dari biological science

Untuk mengerti dasar biomedical science prinsip dasar dari fisika, matematika, kimia dan biologi.

Biokimia zat-zat kimia dan proses-proses vital yang berlangsung pada makhluk hidup.Genetika efek perbedaan genetik pada makhluk hidup (misalnya mutasi)Biologi molekular skala molekul atas proses replikasi, transkripsi, dan translasi bahan genetik

TEKNOLOGI BIOMOLEKULER

TEKNOLOGIMIKROSKOP CAHAYA(2000 X)

MIKROSKOP ELEKTRON (500.000 X) Menyingkap sampai derajat struktur sub selular organel serta organisasinya

Schrodinger (1994)

Komponen-komponen kimia dalam organisme hidup bersifat dinamis.Organisme hidup dari komposisi molekul-molekul.

Bagaimana molekul-molekul berkombinasi secara karakteristik untuk membentuk kehidupan ?

Atom Carbon (C) yang bergabung denganAtom C lainnyaH (Hidrogen)O (Oksigen)N (Nitrogen)Biomolecules (organicions)

Biomolekul (inorganik)Fosfat komponen pembentuk asam nukleat, kalsium hidroksil tulang, aktifator beberapa enzim, dsbKalsium pembentuk tulang, signal transducer, kontraksi otot, neurotransmitter, koagulasi darah, dsbK+, Na+, Cl- and Mg+ transport membrane, tekanan osmotik, keseimbangan asam basa, aktifator enzim, dsbFe + Hb, sitokrom, aktifator enzimI- Hormon tiroid

Biomolekul (organik)NukleotidaMonosakaridaGlucosaFructosaGalactosaAsam Amino (20)

Makro molekulProteinAsam nukleatPoli sakarida

DNA (deoxyribo necleic acid)Cytidine ( C )Adenine ( A )Thymine ( T )Guanine ( G )

RNA(Ribo nucleic acid)Cytidine ( C )Adenine ( A )Uridine ( U )Guanine ( G )

PROTEINAlanine11. AsparagineValine12. GlutamineLeucine13. Phenyl AlanineIso leucine14. TyrosineProline15. TryptophanGlycine16. LysineSerine17. ArginineTheonine18. HistidineCysteine19. AspartateMethionine20. Glutamate

FUNGSI BIOMOLEKULNUKLEOTIDA- sub unit asam nukleat- energy-carrying molecules- transmit and translate genetic information

ASAM AMINO- sub unit protein- prekursor hormon- neurotransmitter- pigmen

FUNGSI BIOMOLEKUL

ENZIMPembangkit reaksi kimia selular.Biokatalis (katabolisme, anabolisme dan metabolisme)Pengaktif reaksi kimia spesifikMenjaga proses tetap berlanjutMemelihara temperatur

Reaksi kimia enzim:E + S ES E + PProduk reaksi pertama mengaktifkan reaksi berikutnya:

A --------- B --------- C --------- D-- dstEnzim 1Enzim 3Enzim 2

Enzym catalyzed reactionsKandungan sel :ProteinLipidKarbohidratAsam nukleatKEHIDUPAN ORGANISME

Struktur supramolekulkromosomribosomDinding selmembranMakro molekulProtein (KH& lipid)DNA (& protein)RNA (& protein)selulosaMolekul organikAsam aminonukleotidaMonosakarida (spt. Glukosa) CO2 H2O NH2

RNA

The building blocks of the complex biomolecules (macromolecules)DNA : deoxyribonucleotides (C,A,T,G)RNA : ribonucleotides (C,A,U,G)Polysaccharides (glycogen) : glucoseProteins: amino acidComplex lipids : fatty acid

ReferenceCarola R, Harley JP, Noback Jr. Human Anatomy and Physiology. McGraw Hill Publ Comp. 1990. pp 56-87, 858-899Devlin TM. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlation. 4th ed. A John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Publ New York. 1997. pp 2-20Lehninger AL, Nelson DL, Cox MM. Principles of Biochemistry. 2nd ed. Worth Publ. 1993. pp 3-76Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P. 2002. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Edisi ke-4. Garland Science: New York. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1 (versi online di NCBI Bookshelf)

THE CELL

The Chromosomes (1)

The Mitokhondria

Golgi Vesicle

SIKLUS SEL

Embryo Development (1)Cleavage in an idealized embryo (not drawn to scale) (A) The single-celled zygote still has two polar bodies attached to it. Succesive divisions result in two (B), four ( C), eight (D) cells, and so on. Divions continue to form a morula (E) and then a blastocyst zygote, and the whole blastocyst, consisting of many cells and a cavity (blastocoel), is scarrely larger than the one original zygote cell.

Embryo Development (2)

Embryo Development (3)

The outline of sequence of the events that take place from fertilization to senescence (1)

Fertilization Zygote Blastomere Morula Blastocyst Embryonic developmentFetal development Childbirth

Childbirth Neonatal Infantcy ChildhoodAdolescence AdulthoodSenescence DiedThe outline of sequence of the events that take place from fertilization to senescence (2)

Cell Death (Necrobiosis)Natural death NecrobiosisCell death resulting from irreversibledamage caused by disease or accident Necrosis

Three types of nclear changes accompany cell death:Condensation and shringking of nuclear material (pyknosis)Disintegration of the nucleus into fragments (karyonhexis)Deisolation of the nucleus (karyolysis)

Cell AgingNo single hypothesis that can explain aging. It has been estimated at least 7000 different genes are involved in the aging process. Two of the popular hypothesis of aging is free radical hypothesis and DNA mutation hypothesis

TUHAN

ReferenceCarola R, Harley JP, Noback Jr. Human Anatomy and Physiology. McGraw Hill Publ Comp. 1990. pp 56-87, 858-899Darnell J., Lodesh H., Baltimore D. Molecular Cell Biology. 2nd ed. Scientific American Books. 1990. pp 67-145Sack GH. Medical Genetics. Mc Graw-Hill Publ Comp. 1999. pp 1-37Ulrich Drews. Atlas Berwarna & Teks Embriologi. Hipokrates. 1996. pp 5-6, 15Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P. 2002. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Edisi ke-4. Garland Science: New York. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1 (versi online di NCBI Bookshelf)

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