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Gene discovered that activates stem cells for organ regeneration in Planarians AND
Potential new target for antibiotics against E. coli, other bugs
Biology Folding Professor: Lina Martínez
Juan Pablo Ospina SánchezMedicine StudentIII Semester 2014
UPB
INTRODUCTION
Modifying the DNA offers the possibility to predict the functions of a living cell and avoid non wished facts.
Bacterial resistance is a modern problem, this new show us discovering ways to fight with this aged problem.
Organ regeneration will provide efficiency in transplants and the acceptation of this organs.
Gene discovered that activates stem
cells for organ regeneration in
Planarians
July 3rd 2014
Planarians
A planarian split
lengthwise or crosswise will
regenerate into two separate individuals.
When planarians got cut into pieces,
each piece regenerate the missing parts.
Planarian receive oxygen
and release carbon dioxide by diffusion.
Gene discovered that activates stem cells for organ regeneration in
Planarians
July 3rd 2014
Many species across the animal kingdom have the ability to regenerate, but
the mechanisms that connect injuries to stem cell activation and the
production of new tissues are not fully understood.
“Tissue organizers" that secrete proteins
Protein Notum as a component
of a tissue organizer
needed for regeneration
Gene zic-1 enables stem
cells to regeneration
Gene discovered that activates stem cells for organ regeneration in
Planarians
July 3rd 2014
Notum inhibit Wnt
signaling
Wnt signaling used in cell-cell
communication
Expression of the Notum protein
required the zic-1
gene
Gene discovered that activates stem
cells for organ regeneration in
PlanariansJuly 3rd 2014
Other species
that regenerat
es
Amphibians
Murphy Roths Large
(mouse)
Gene discovered that activates stem
cells for organ regeneration in
PlanariansJuly 3rd 2014
•Student comment:
In my opinion finding out the way to activate "tissue organizers" could help in the activation of the regeneration in both tissue and organs, this eventually could help us to think in method of obtaining organs donors where the patients are their own donors making this practice much more quickly and safely to the patient as to come from itself would not occur rejection.
MurJ flips a fatty molecule from one side of a bacterial cell membrane to the other. If that molecule isn't flipped the cell bursts.
E. coli is part of the gram-negative family of bacteria, characterized by having an extra membrane, called the outer membrane, that reduces the chances for a drug to penetrate the cell to kill it.
If we stop Murj from working, the cells will die within 10 minutes -- very quickly," said Natividad Ruiz.
Potential new target for antibiotics against E. coli, other bugs
July 10th 2014
Stop construction of a bacterial cell layer called peptidoglycan the creation of this layer, which consists of sugars and amino acids.
Potential new target for antibiotics against E. coli, other bugs
July 10th 2014
Lipids serve as part of a cell membrane's infrastructure. The mystery protein has been referred to as a flippase because of its function: flipping the lipid.
Scientists lower protein levels by suppressing activation of the genes that make the protein -- which takes time and doesn't necessarily fully eliminate the protein's presence.
Eliminating the protein showed that cells wouldn't make the peptidoglycan layer; and it was demonstrated to be related to other flipping proteins.
Potential new target for antibiotics against E. coli, other bugs
July 10th 2014
Potential new target for antibiotics against E. coli, other bugs
July 10th 2014
Inhibiting the protein is similar
to use an antibiotic who
will kill the protein by not allowing it to
work
Bernhardt's lab used a toxin some cells release that is known to "eat"
the flipped lipid after it appears on the outside of its inner membrane
very little of the target lipid could be detected meaning the lipid was being
flipped and immediately
consumed by the toxin.
When MurJ was inhibited in those cells and the toxin
was added, meaning that the lipid never got flipped because the activity of MurJ
was gone.
Student comment: This research gives us the possibility to
combate the recent antibiotic resistance generated by the mutation of these bacterias and the abuse of antibiotics which leads bacterias to "adjust”
One of the problems of the 21st century is the bacterial resistance generated by the excessive supply of antibiotics, the bacteria create resistance faster than a new antibiotic can be developed
Potential new target for antibiotics against E. coli, other bugs
July 10th 2014
Medical Utility
Accelerate and make safer the organ donation
Accelerate and make safer the organ donation
The induction of "tissue organizers“ will stimulate tissue regeneration
Research on stem cells has focused on their ability to create individual cell types
Medical Utility
Better knowledge and new treatments for diseases
Reduce the number of people waiting for an organ donor
Eliminate resistant bacteria that are of high complexity
Medical Utility
Treatment of other gram-negative bacteria
More effective treatment
High-efficiency at attacking the weak point of resistant bacteria
Revolution in the pharmaceutical bussines by showing a new starting
point
Improve the quality of life of patients and health care
employees
Medical Utility
If the real cure is finally taken out to the light, the
medicine wil be able to progress in the attention and service to get a new
and better ideal of health
[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/07/140703142348.htm] cheked on July 18, 2014, 15:00. “Gene discovered that activates stem cells for organ regeneration in Planarians”
[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/07/140710141351.htm] cheked on July 18, 2014, 15:30. “Potential new target for antibiotics against E. Coli, other bugs”
REFERENCES
GRACIAS (PON UNA IMAGEN EN INGLES =)