Molecular Biology and Reproductive Sciences

7/23/2019 Molecular Biology and Reproductive Sciences

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MOLECULAR BIOLOGYAND REPRODUCTIVE

SCIENCES

By : Fanny Jesica


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y y J

Bioloi !ole"#la$

Bioloi !ole"#la$ !e$#%a"an sala& sa'# ca(an(ioloiyan !e$#*#" "e%a+a %en"a*ian !enenai"e&i+#%an%a+a s"ala !ole"#l,

Te$!as#" %enyeli+i"an 'en'an in'e$a"si !ole"#l

+ala! (en+a &i+#% +an "esannya- 'e$#'a!a 'en'anin'e$a"si (e$(aai sis'e! +ala! sel- 'e$!as#"in'e$a"si DNA- RNA+an sin'esis%$o'ein+an(aai!ana in'e$a"si 'e$se(#' +ia'#$,

S#(s%esialisasi il!# yan +i'#*#"an #n'#"!e!a&a!i s'$#"'#$ +an .#nsi eno!- yan

len"a% DNA /asa! +eso0y$i(on#cleic1- yai'#!a"$o!ole"#l yan (e$isi se!#a in.o$!asi'#$#n2'e!#$#n,
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehidupanhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molekulhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNAhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNAhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintesis_proteinhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintesis_proteinhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintesis_proteinhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintesis_proteinhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNAhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNAhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molekulhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehidupanhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi


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3ROMOSOM

Pa"e' !a'e$i ene'i"- yan 'e$+i$i +a$i !ole"#lDNA /yan (e$isi (anya" en1 yan !ele"a'se*#!la& (esa$ %$o'ein yan !e!%e$'a&an"ans'$#"'#$ "$o!oso! +an (e$%e$an +ala! e"s%$esien,

Sel so!a'i" !an#sia !enan+#n 45"$o!oso!- 66 %asan a#'oso!- +an 7 %asanse"s "$o!oso!,

Se!#a sel so!a'i" +i%loi+268 %asan "$o!oso!,9anya a!e' a+ala& &a%loi+ +enan 66"$o!oso! a#'oso! +an 7 "$o!oso! onoso!,


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3$o!oso! lan*#'an,,,,


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MITOSIS

Se!#a e#"a$io'a- +a$i $ai "e !an#sia-!enala!i %e!(ela&an sel yan se$#%a+an %e$(anya"an, P$oses %e!(ela&an in'i

+i se!#a sel so!a'i" +ise(#' !i'osis, Mi'osis a+ala& %e!(ela&an sel +a$i in+#"

!en*a+i +#a ana"an- 'e'a%i 'i+a" 'e$*a+i$e+#"si "$o!oso! yan seca$a ene'is

i+en'i" +enan sel in+#" Se'ia% sel ana" !ene$i!a "o!%le!en

len"a% 45 "$o!oso!,


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Ta&a%an !i'osis,,,,


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7, PROFASE 2 PROMETAFASE

PROFASEa, 3$o!oso! !#lai

(e$el#n- !e!en+e"-+an !ene(al,

(, Se'ia% "$o!oso! 'e$+i$i+a$i +#a s#(#ni' se*a*a$/kromatid1 yan salin!enya'# %a+a se(#a&+ae$a& !enye!%i' !ili"

(e$sa!a yan +ise(#'sentromer,

c, Se%an*an !asa %$o.ase-"$o!oso! 'e$#s !ene(al-!en*a+i le(i& %en+e" +an

le(i& 'e(al

Ta&a%2'a&a% !i'osis


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6, METAFASE

a,3$o!oso! (e$+e$e'%a+a (i+an

"&a'#lis'ia +an(en'#" $an"a%nya

*elas 'e$li&a',(,Masin2!asin

+i(#n"an ole&mikrotubulus/gelendong

mitosis1 yan"el#a$ +a$i

Ta&a%2'a&a% !i'osis


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Sen'$o!e$ %a+a se'ia%"$o!oso! !e!(ela&- yan+ii"#'i +enan !i$asi"$o!a'i+ "e "#'#(2"#'#(

4, ANAFASE ;, TELOFASE

Ta&a%2'a&a% !i'osis

3$o!oso! !enen+o$"anel#nannya +an !en*a+i%an*an- sel#(#n in'i'e$(en'#" "e!(ali- +an

'e$*a+i %e!(aiansi'o%las!a


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Ta&a%2'a&a% !i'osis

Se'ia% sel ana" !ene$i!ase%a$#& +a$i se!#a !a'e$i

"$o!oso! yan 'ela&

(e$li%a' +#a 'e$se(#'!e!%e$'a&an"an *#!la&"$o!oso! yan sa!ase%e$'i sel in+#"nya,


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MEIOSIS

Meiosis a+ala& %e!(ela&an sel yan 'e$*a+i %a+a

sel e$!a'i


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PERBEDAAN MITOSIS DAN MEIOSIS


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TA9APAN MEIOSIS I DAN MEIOSIS II


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Akibat pembelahan meiosis : variabilitas genetik ditingkatkan

melalui tukar-silang yangmenyebabkan redistribusi bahangenetik, dan melalui distribusi acakkromosom homolog ke sel anak

setiap sel germativum mengandungjumlah kromosom yang haploidsehingga saat pembuahan jumlahdiploid terpulihkan.


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* *

ENDOKRINOLOGI

merupakanilmu mengenai

hormoneendokrin danorgan-organ

yang terlibatdalampelepasanhormone

endokrin


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8 GOLONGAN UMUM 9ORMONProtein dan polipeptida- !enca"#% &o$!on2&o$!on

yan +ise"$esi"an ole& "elen*a$ &i%o=sis an'e$io$ +an%os'e$io$- %an"$eas /ins#lin +an l#"aon1- "elen*a$%a$a'i$oi+ /&o$!on %a$a'i$oi+1- +an (anya" &o$!onelainnya,Steroidyan +ise"$esi"an "o$'e"s a+$enal /"o$'isol+an al+os'e$on1- o


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URUTAN PERISTI>A 3ERJA STEROID

7,9o$!on s'e$oi+ (e$+i.#si !elea'i (e$+i.#si!elea'i !e!($an sel +an !e!as#"isi'o%las!a sel- 'e!%a' ia (e$i"a'an +enan

%$o'ein $ese%'o$ yan s%esi=",6,3o!(inasi %$o'ein $ese%'o$ "e!#+ian (e$+i.#si "e

+ala! a'a# +ian"#' "e +ala! n#"le#s,

8,3o!(inasi 'e$se(#' 'e$i"a' +i 'e!%a' s%esi="

%a+a #n'ai DNA +ala! "$o!oso!- yan!ena"'i."an %$oses '$ans"$i%si en yans%esi=" #n'#" !e!(en'#" !RNA,

4,!RNA (e$+i.#si "e +ala! si'o%las!a- +an!e!ic# %$oses '$anslasi +i $i(oso! #n'#"

!e!(en'#" %$o'ein yan (a$#,


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REPRODU3SI

Re%$o+#"si a+ala& s#a'# %$oses (iolois+i!anain+i


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Man#sia (e$e%$o+#"si seca$a se"s#al- +an%$oses $e%$o+#"sinya !eli%#'i (e(e$a%a

'in"a'an =sioloi" yan !eli%#'i .#nsi2.#nsi yan sana' "o!%le" +an 'e$in'e$asian'a$a %$oses yan sa'# +enan yan lainnya,

Tin"a'an2'in"a'an =sioloi" 'e$se(#'!eli%#'i %e!(en'#"an sel2sel "ela!in/a!e'1- %ele%asan sel2sel a!e' yan 'ela&(e$+i.e$ensiasi seca$a .#nsional- %e$"ainan#n'#" !e!%e$'e!#"an a!e' *an'an +ana!e' (e'ina- .e$'ilisasi- .#si an'a$a "e+#a

%$on#"lei +an %e$'#!(#&an- +i.e$ensiasi +an

LANJUTAN REPRODU3SI,,,,


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3e!a!%#an Re%$o+#"si

3e!a!%#an $e%$o+#"si (e$an'#n %a+a(#nan $#!i' an'a$a &i%o'ala!#s-&i%o=sis an'e$io$- o$an $e%$o+#"si +an selsasa$an &o$!on se"s, 9#(#nan ini

!en#na"an (anya" !e"anis!e$e#la'o$i" yan +i#na"an sis'e! '#(#&lain #n'#" !e!%e$'a&an"an &o!eos'a'is-!isalnya "on'$ol #!%an (ali" nea'i.,

Sis'e! $e%$o+#"si (ai" %a+a %$ia !a#%#nani'a +i%ena$#&i ole& sis'e! &o$!onal,Hormon yang mempengaruhi sistemreproduksi adalah FSH, LH (gonadotropin

hormone), estrogen, progesterone dan


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Sis'e! $e%$o+#"si !enca"#% ona+-sal#$an $e%$o+#"si +an "elen*a$ a"seso$is,

O$an $e%$o+#"si %$i!e$ /ona+1 'e$+i$i +a$i se%asantestis%a+a %$ia +an se%asan ovarium%a+a ani'a,Pa+a "e+#a *enis "ela!in ona+ !a'#$ !ela"sana"an+#a .#nsi yai'#!en&asil"an a!e' /a!e'oenesis1

+an !enel#a$"an &o$!on se"s seca$a s%esi=" yai'#'es'os'e$on %a+a %$ia +an es'$oen se$'a %$oes'e$on%a+a ani'a,

Selain ona+- sis'e! $e%$o+#"si %a+a "e+#a *enis"ela!in !enca"#% sal#$an $e%$o+#"si yan !enca"#%

s#a'# sis'e! duktus yan "s#s !enan"#' a'a#!ena!%#n a!e' se'ela& +i(en'#" +an "elen*a$a"seso$is 'a!(a&an yan !enoson"an isinya"e+ala! sal#$an2sal#$an $e%$o+#"si,


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En+o"$inoloi Re%$o+#"si

Hormon seks

7, 9o$!on ani'ayan !enca"#%

es'$oen +an%$oes'in

6, 9o$!on %$ia-an+$oen,

Se!#a &o$!on se"s yan &a+i$ %a+ala"i2la"i +an %e$e!%#an- +an "e+#a

*enis "ela!in !e!ili"i $ese%'o$ yan!eni"a' +an !enana%i se!#a

&o$!on se"s,

" ( & +


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Fa"'o$ Pe$'#!(#&an +anSi'o"in

Faktor pertumbuhan a+ala&%e%'i+a &o$!on2se%e$'i yan !e$ansan

sel %e!(aian +enan !enin+#"si+i.e$ensiasi +an %e$'#!(#&an sel a'a#!en&a!(a' %e!(ela&an sel +enan!enin+#"si &i%e$'$o= sel#la$, .a"'o$

#'a!a %e$'#!(#&an +isa*i"an +ala!ona+,

Sitokin #'a!a !eli%#'i : in'e$.e$on-

in'e$le#"in- .a"'o$ ne"$osis '#!o$@ +an"oloni .a"'o$ !e$an san ,


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Gas 'e$la$#' se(aai Sinalin Mole"#l

Banya" *enis sel!en#na"an

as2as 'e$la$#'-se%e$'i nitrat

oksida (!" dankarbon

monoksida(#!",se(aai

sinyale"s'$asel#le$!ole"#l, NO

+i%$o+#"si ole&+ea!inasi asa!

a!ino a$inine-

!!e!ain"an .#nsi $e#lasi%en'in se(aai !ole"#l sinyale"s'$asel#le$ +ala! sis'e!$e%$o+#"si, Dala! %enis- NO+ile%as"an ole& sa$a. o'ono!!enye(a("an +ila'asi %e!(#l#&+a$a& lo"al yan (e$'an#n *aa(#n'#" ereksi,


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$ada pria, %&!e$ansan sin'esis an+$oen-yan !eni"a' $ese%'o$ an+$oen +i "e+#a&i%o'ala!#s +an"elen*a$ &i%o=sis +an!ene$a&"an #!%an (ali" nea'i. +enan

!en#$ani .$e"#ensi %#lsa L9, Es'$a+iol- yan+i%$o+#"si lo"al +i &i%o'ala!#s ole& a$o!a'isasian+$oen- !eni"a' $ese%'o$ es'$oen +i&i%o'ala!#s +an &i%o=sis "elen*a$ +an!en#$ani a!%li'#+o %#lsa L9,

$ada 'anita, gonadotropin !e$ansansin'esis es'$oen +an !enin+#"si o


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SE3IAN

TERIMA 3ASI9

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Molecular Biology and Reproductive Sciences