Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260;

Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University ,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran , Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: [email protected]

�Effects of Acetylation on the some Properties of Paper made from bagasse

In the Name of Lord

Mojtaba Soltani


• The properties of any resource are, for the most part, a result of the chemistry of the resource,

• If you change the chemistry to change properties

• If you change properties, you change performance

Rowell said:


Introduction:

• Couldfield(1988),Stated that paper dimensional instability is affected by humidity and cell wall swelling. Mechanical properties and printability are declined by water absorption .

• Matsuda (1996), suggested that hydroxyl groups of wood are more active reaction sites and they are reason of woods instability.

• Larsson , Brield (1996) – Mohebby , Militz (2003) – Mohebby (1982) ,reported ;dimensional stability is created by substitution of hydrophilic hydroxyl groups with hydrophobic carboxyl groups.

• Gomez , Bueso a,b (1999) , Rowell , Keany (1991);reported that acetylation improved water absorption , dimensional stability and swelling thickness of bagasse.

• Ebrahimzadeh (1996) studied the effect of acetylation on unbleached solphate paper and indicated that acetylation reduced blocking water binding sites.

• (Abdolkhani et al.( 2005) reported that acetylation can improved photo yellowing properties of CMP bagasse paper.

• Mohbby et al (2007) reported that treatment of acetylation on paper (bleached long fibre) improved some of physical and mechanical properties.


Introduction:

Acetylation: A chemical reaction by that OH groups substitute with acetyl groups

H3C

H3C

O=

C

O

=

C

O

Ö

H

Wood

OH3C

H3C

O

=

C

O

CO

H

Wood+

-

Acetic Anhydride

CH3C(=O)-O-C(=O)-CH3 + WOOD-OHWOOD-O-C(=O)-CH3 + CH3C(=O)-OHAcetylated Wood Acetic Acid


UV resistance

Wetabilityof paper

PrintabilityOf

paper Roughness

Bioresistance

Strength

Dimensional stability

Acetylation

IntroductionAcetylation: Influence of acetylation on wood properties


Objectives:

Any improvement in paper hydrophobicity and its physical and mechanical properties could affect

• The objective of this study were to:• a) determination the effects of acetylated treatment of bagasse

paper on some of mechanical and physical properties.

• b) determination the effects of refining on acetylation process of bagasse paper


Materials and Methods


Properties: Determination of density

Water absorption, smoothness, brightness, D-filding, Wax(printability), Tear, Burst, Porosity and Breaking Length

The paper sheets were conditioned :

(24 h , 23 ˚C , 50 % )

Hand sheet paper were made from Bagasse Solphat pulp

Treatments:

Acetylation with a Vacuum flask ; at 120˚C;

With Acetic anhydride and without any catalyst.

Before Refining

After Refining


Results: Tests Acetylation Refining 1 2 3 4

Water absorption * * 0 low Med ,Hi - -

Smoothness * * 0, Med Hi Med -

Density ns * - - - -

Brightness * * 0 Low, Med Hi -

D-folding * * 0 Low med Hi

Wax ns * - - - -

Tear * * 0 Low ,Mid ,Hi - -

Burst * * 0,low ,Med Hi - -

Breaking length ns * - - - -

Porosity * * 0 Low Mid Hi

(Duncan subsetes) Acetylation% (ANOVA)

Ns=not significant


9.3

13

22.6

9.8

14.5

23.2

0

5

10

15

20

25

Low (6) Med (8) Hi (11)

Treat(Reaction time)

WP

G %

Befor_R

After_R

Figure 1:Effectof Acetylation on Density of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining

Acetylation rate (wpg)Reaction time


164

88

69 68

178

7267 64

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0 9.3-9.8 13-14.5 22.6-23.2

WPG(%)

wate

r ab

so

rpti

on

(g

r/m

2)

Befor.R

After.R

Figure 2:Effect of Acetylation on Water Absorption of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining

Water Absorption indexAcetylation


2824

28

38

94

121

94

103

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 9.3-9.8 13-14.5 22.6-23.2

WPG(%)

sm

oo

thn

ess

Befor.R

After.R

Figure3:Effectof Acetylation onSmoothness of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining

Smoothness Acetylation


1.83 1.83

2 2

1.5

1.66 1.661.6

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 9.3-9.8 13-14.5 22.6-23.2

WPG(%)

Den

sit

y (

gr/

cm

3)

Befor.R

After.R

Figure 4:Effect of Acetylation on Density of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining

DensityRefining


48.8

49.5

50

52.6

48

51 51

52.8

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

0 9.3-9.8 13-14.5 22.6-23.2

WPG(%)

bri

gh

tnes

s (%

)

Befor.R

After.R

Figure 5:Effectof Acetylation on Brightness of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining

Brightness Acetylation


176

95136

235

864

414

615

1210

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 9.3-9.8 13-14.5 22.6-23.2

WPG %

D_F

old

ing

Befor.R

After.R

Figure 6:Effectof Acetylation on D_Folding of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining

D_FOLDINGAcetylation


Figure7:Effectof Acetylation on Printability of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining

19 19

18 1818 18 18

17

16

16.5

17

17.5

18

18.5

19

19.5

0 9.3-9.8 13-14.5 22.6-23.2

WPG%

Wax

tes

t .N

O

Before.R

After.R


90

83.3 83.3

73

83.3

66.6

73.370

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 9.3-9.8 13-14.5 22.6-23.2

WPG(%)

Tea

r (g

r)

Befor.R

After.R

Figure 8: Effectof Acetylation onTear of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining

Tear indexAcetylation


32.28

25.48

28.9

37.4

45.844.18 44.18

56.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 9.3-9.8 13-14.5 22.6-23.2

WPG(%)

Bu

rst

(PS

I)

Befor.R

After.R

Figure 9:Effectof Acetylation on Burst of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining

Burst indexAcetylation


4.5544.712 4.72

4.877

6.186

6.7996.926 6.942

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 9.3-9.8 13-14.5 22.6-23.2

WPG(%)

bre

aki

ng

len

gh

t (k

m)

Befor.R

After.R

Figure 10:Effectof Acetylation on Breaking length of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining

Breaking Length indexAcetylation


Figure 1:Effectof Acetylation on Porosity of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining

460

600

800

400

9060

80 70

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0 9.3-9.8 13-14.5 22.6-23.2

WPG %

Po

ros

ity

. m

l/m

in

Befor.R

After.R

Porosity indexAcetylation


Thank you for your attention!


Water Absorption

Swelling

Density

Tan

Q Factor

Specific Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity

Young’s specific modulus of elasticity

Acoustic Converting Efficiency (ACE)

Hemicellulose degradation

Soluble extractives and their removal

Formic acid, Furfural, Acetic acid etc.

Collapsed cell walls

Growth of crystalline region of cellulose

Cross linking between lignin

polymer

Formation of Micropores (gaps) in microfibriles

Decreased OH groups

Lignin condensation


In the Name of Lord

�Effects of Acetylation on the some Properties of Paper made from bagasse

Mojtaba Soltani


Conclusion:

Documents

Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260;