MONGOLIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology

MONGOLIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY

№ 12 (38)

Ulaanbaatar

2011

COPYRIGHT (C) , BY ICCT

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

NO PART OF THIS JOURNAL MAY BE REPORDUCED IN ANY FORM, BY PHOTOSTAT, MICROFILM, OR

ANY OTHER MEANS, WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHERS.

Editorial board:

Editorial-in-Chief: Acad. Prof., Batsuren. D

Dr. Minjigmaa. A

Members: Acad. Prof., Temuujin. J

Acad. Prof., Purevsuren. B

Dr. Odontuya. G

Dr. Ganbaatar. J

Dr. Enkhtuul. S

Dr. Gunbileg. D

Dr. Khasbaatar. D

Dr. Odonchimeg. M

Dr. Chunsriimyatav. G

Prepared by: M.S Otgonsuren. D

MAS, 4th

building, Peace Avenue,

Ulaanbaatar 51, Mongolia.

Fax: 976-11-453133

email: a_minji@yahoo.com

2011

Preface

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry provides a unique forum for the publication of

significant and original work across a variety of disciplines including chemistry, biology,

physics, chemical engineering and material science, which is likely to be of interest to the

multidisciplinary community that the journal addresses. Readership-MJC coverage is highly

relevant to a variety of industrial and academic sectors including: pharmaceuticals; analytical

science; coal and petrochemistry, bio- and nanotechnology; and materials science.

The Editors at Mongolian Journal of Chemistry are committed to publishing high

quality new work which makes a significant contribution to the both academic and industrial

sectors development. In order to meet this aim, submitted manuscripts were evaluated by the

professional MJC Editors to ensure they meet essential criteria for publication in the journal.

We have received over 30 papers from scientists working on a broad range of natural science.

The second issue of Mongolian Journal of Chemistry (38th issue for Annual scientific

reports) includes 28 papers. We thank you for your submission to our journal and look

forward to get another submission next year.

Editor-in-Chief;

Academician. Prof., Batsuren. D

Dr. Minjigmaa. A

Preface

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry provides a unique forum for the publication of

significant and original work across a variety of disciplines including chemistry, biology,

physics, chemical engineering and material science, which is likely to be of interest to the

multidisciplinary community that the journal addresses. Readership-MJC coverage is highly

relevant to a variety of industrial and academic sectors including: pharmaceuticals; analytical

science; coal and petrochemistry, bio- and nanotechnology; and materials science.

The Editors at Mongolian Journal of Chemistry are committed to publishing high

quality new work which makes a significant contribution to the both academic and industrial

sectors development. In order to meet this aim, submitted manuscripts were evaluated by the

professional MJC Editors to ensure they meet essential criteria for publication in the journal.

We have received over 30 papers from scientists working on a broad range of natural science.

The second issue of Mongolian Journal of Chemistry (38th issue for Annual scientific

reports) includes 28 papers. We thank you for your submission to our journal and look

forward to get another submission next year.

Organizing Committee:

Dr. A. Minjigmaa

Dr. S. Enkhtuul

Dr. M. Odonchimeg

Dr. G. Chunsriimyatav

1. Adsorption kinetics for the removal of copper(II) from aqueous solution by adsorbent

PSTM-3T Burmaa. G, Nasantogtokh. O, Narantsogt. N, Perlee-Oidov.A…………...…...1-6

2. Gas Sensing Performance of Multiple-shell Hollow Silver and Hematite Composite

Microspheres, Ariunaa.G., Burmaa.G., Xiaoyong lai, Dan wang,……………………....7-15

3. Characterisation of fly ashes from 4th Thermal Power Station of Ulaanbaatar

City and its applicability for a zeolite synthesis, Temuujin.J, Minjigmaa. A,

Davaabal.B, Ochirbat. Z.……………………………...……..……………….....………16-19

4. Improvement of Electrochemical Activity of Pt/MWCNT Catalyst for Proton

Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Munkhshur. M, Battsengel.B,

Bayardulam. J, Baasandorj.M……………………………….....……………….…...…..20-23

5. Hydrocracking of atmospheric distillable residue of Mongolian oil, Ts.Tugsuu,

Sugimoto Yoshikazu, Enkhsaruul. B, Monkhoobor .D...………………………….....…24-28

6. The Precious metals (Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Rh) adsorption on the Silicon – organic

sorbents, Burmaa .G, Alen.S, Ganchimeg.Yu, Sukhbaatar.I...............……................…29-34

7. Study of rare earth elements in coal ash from Khartarvagatai coal deposit,

Gantumur. B., Pagmadulam.M.……..............……………………….……………….…35-37

8. Some properties of testicular hyaluronidases, Enkhmaa.Ts., Purev.D,

Bayarmaa.J,…………………………………………………………….………….…….38-41

9. Coumarins from Peucedanum hystrix growing in Mongolia, Ganbaatar J.,

Shults E. E., Otgonsuren D., Radnaeva L.D., Taraskin B., Badamkhand D.…...........…42-49

10. Physico -chemical quality of Bactrian camel milk, GANSAIKHAN O.,

BATSUKH.TS., ICHINHORLOO.Z,...……………………………………..………………...50-52

11. Study on arsenic removal process from water, Bayarmaa.B, Selenge.E,

Yang Min,..……………………………………………………………………………...53-55

12. Biochemical Study of Mumijo in Uvs province, Mongolia, Sukhdolgor.J,

Orkhonselenge .D,………...….………………………………………………….………56-59

13. Activated carbons from Mongolian coals by thermal treatment, Ariunaa .A,

Narangerel .J, Purevsuren .B, Erdenechimeg.R,………………………………….…..…60-64

14. Identification of Angiotensin I-converting enzyme Inhibitory Activities from

traditional Mongolian fermented milk products, Bayarsaikhan.D,

Kohji Yamaki, Enkhtaivan.G, Ichinkhorloo .………………………………..……..…..65- 68

15. Persistent organic pollutants (PCBs and OCP) in air and soil from Ulaanbaatar and

the Lake Hovsgol region, Mongolia, Mamontova E.A.,

Contents

Tarasova E.N., Ganchimeg D., Kuzmin M.I., Mamontov A.A., Khomutova M.Yu.,

Burmaa G., Odontuya G., Erdenebayasgalan.G.……….............…………...…..………69-77

16. Bioactive phenolic acids from Scorzonera radiata Fisch, Tsevegsuren.N, Proksch. P,

Wang .Y, Davaakhuu .G..…………………………...………………….………….…....78-84

17. New isoquinoline alkaloid from Carduus crispus L. Tunsag .J, Davaakhuu .G,

Batsuren .D,………..…………………………..……………………….…………..……85-87

18. Utilization of spent brewer’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production

of yeast enzymatic hydrolysate, Bayarjargal. M, Munkhbat. E, Ariunsaikhan. T,

Odonchimeg.M, Uurzaikh. T, Gan-Erdene. T, Regdel. D,………..…………………….88-91

19. Chemical and biological investigation of the Agaricus silvaticus Schaeff ex. Secr,

Munkhgerel. L, Erdenechimeg.N, Dumaa. M, Zhang. G, Odonmajig. P, Regdel.D,…...92-97

20. The mechanochemical activation study of Tsagaan-tsav zeolite, Zolzaya. Ts,

Davaabal. B, Ochirbat. Z, Oyun-Erdene. G, Minjigmaa. A, Temuujin. J,…….............98 -101

21. Investigation on the possibility of obtaining of motor fuels from bituminous

sand by heat treatment, Jadamba. D, Ulzii. B, Tuya. M,...……………….……...…102-106

22. Physics-chemical study of hydration process of three calcium aluminate phase

and Metakaolin, Erdenebat. Ts, Sanjaasuren. R, ……………………...……….…...107-112

23. Alkaloids from cultivated plant of Peganum harmala L, Javzan. S,

Selenge. D, Jamyansan. Y, Nadmid. J, Ouynbileg.Yu, ………..……………….…..113-116

24. Phytochemical study on Berberis sibirica Pall, Solongo. A, Istatkova. R,

Philipov. S, Javzan. S, Selenge. D…..…….…..……………………………………..117-122

25. Recent and future of cement and concrete industries- a root of our

development, Erdenebat. Ts, Otgonlham. J, Oyunzul. E, Sanjaasuren. R,……........123-125

26. Fatty acid, Tocopherol and Sterol Composition in Sea buckthorn (Hippophae

rhamnoides L.) of Mongolia, Otgonbayar.Ch, Matthaus. B, Odonmajig. P...……...126-130

27. The Quality and Safety of Imported Food: The Danger of Pesticides,

Dugar.B,………………………………………………………………………………131-135

28. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Study on Cation adsorption on

Viscose Rayon Succinate, Khasbaatar.D, Ung Su Choi…………….........………...136-141

Adsorption kinetics for the removal of copper(II) from

aqueous solution by adsorbent PSTM-3T

G.Burmaa1, O.Nasantogtokh

1, N.Narantsogt

2, A.Perlee-Oidov

1

1Institut of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Ulaanbaatar-13330

2Mongolian State University of Education, School of Natural Sciences

Abstract: The batch removal of copper (II) from aqueous solution under different experimental

conditions using silicon-organic sorbent poly[N,N’-bis(3-silseskquioxanilpropyl)thiocarbamide]

(PSTM-3T) was investigated in this study. This sorbent was produced from the hydrolytic poly-

condensation reaction. The removal was favoured at pH = 5 for PSTM-3T. The effects of

concentration and temperature have been reported. PSTM-3T was found to efficiently remove

Cu(II) from solution. The batch sorption kinetics have been tested for a first-order reaction. The

rate constants of adsorption have been calculated. The thermodynamic parameters (∆G0, Kc)

obtained to indicate the endothermic nature of Cu(II) adsorption on PSTM-3T.

Keywords: Poly[N,N’-bis(3-silseskquioxanil)thiocarbamide], Langmuir, Freundlich isotherm, Thermodynamic

parameters

Introduction

dsorption processes for water

treatment have had a long and

productive history. Activated carbon

has been widely used in wastewater treatment

to remove organic and inorganic pollutants. It

was also found that activated carbon has a

great potential to remove heavy metals such

as cadmium, chromium, lead and copper

according to the reference [1].

Heavy metals are widely used in modern

industries, including textile, leather, tanning,

electroplating and metal finishing. They are

released to environment either in treated

wastewater to surface waters or as sludge

applied to landfill. Copper is known to be a

toxic metal. Because of its toxicity, it is

imperative to significantly reduce its

discharge levels [2].

The pre-concentration and separation of

elements by use of chelating silicon organic

[3-6] polymers have been reported. However,

most of chelating silicon organic polymers are

used for pre-concentration and determination

of noble metal ions, the synthesis of silicon

organic polymers usually takes a long time

and the synthetic process is complicated.

Previously, we studied the removal of

Cr(VI) from wastewater, using PSTM-3T and

activated carbon produced from sawdust

under selected conditions [7]. These were

preliminary studies. In this research, we

investigate the adsorption kinetics of PSTM-

3T under wide range of conditions.

Experimental

Materials characterization

Silicon-organic polymer

[-O1.5Si(CH2)3HNC(S)NH(CH2)3SiO1.5-]n –

poly[N,N’-bis(3-

silseskquioxanilpropyl)thiocarbamide] used in

this study was synthesized [3] in Russia.

A

1

p 1-6

Gas Sensing Performance of Multiple-shell Hollow Silver and

Hematite Composite Microspheres

Garnaad Ariunaa1, Gunchin Burmaa

1, Xiaoyong Lai

2, Dan Wang

2,

1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia,

2 Institute of Process Engineering, CAS, Beijing100190, China

Abstract: In this report, multiple-shell hollow silver and hematite composite microsphere has been

prepared by using carbonaceous saccharide microsphere as template. The products were

characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM),

transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The

core size and shell thickness of hollow spheres obtained can be manipulated by changing the

concentration of metal salt. The unique multiple-shell hollow silver and hematite composite

microspheres may be potentially used as gas-sensor materials for detecting various toxic gases.

Keywords: Carbonaceous saccharide, Template, Ag/α-Fe2O3 , Sensitivity

Introduction

ollow spheres with nanometer to

micrometer dimensions, defined

composition, controlled interior

structure and tunable shell numbers have

attracted tremendous attention because of

their potential applications in catalysis, drug

storage and controlled release, nanoreactors,

photonic devices, sensor, and biotechnology,

and so on1-6

. Most of single shelled hollow

spheres have been synthesized by template

assisted synthesis or other methods2. Double

shelled hollow spheres could be obtained by

using sulfonated hollow sphere as template7,8

or the layer-by-layer templating technique.

Furthermore, considerable effort has been

devoted to fabricate hollow spheres with

higher-level interior structure (such as multi-

shell or multi-chamber), which are expected

to provide more advantages in drug release

with prolonged release time, in heterogeneous

catalysis, and in Li ion batteries etc8. Very

recently, they further extended this method to

prepare metal oxide hollow microspheres

with multiple shells and found that those

multi-shelled hollow microspheres possessed

very unique sensing properties, whose

response significantly increases with their

numbers of shells.

Herein, we have attempted to prepare

multiple shell hollow Ag/α-Fe2O3 composite

sphere by carbonaceous microspheres as

template and silver nitrate and iron nitrate

solutions as precursors. We investigated the

effect of various experimental parameters on

the morphologies and phase of the resultant

products, such as the concentration and pH

value of solution and the ratio of silver and

H

7

p 7-15

Characterisation of fly ashes from 4th Thermal Power Station of Ulaanbaatar

city and its applicability for a zeolite synthesis

J.Temuujin A.Minjigmaa, B.Davaabal, Z.Ochirbat

Laboratory of Materials Science and Technology,

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences,

Ulaanbaatar 51, Mongolia

Abstract: Fly ash from 4th thermal power station of Ulaanbaatar city have been characterised by x-ray fluorescence (XRF), x-ray diffractometry (XRD), particle size analyzer, specific surface area

measurement (BET) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. It was found that fly ash from Baganuur coal contains over 15 wt.% of calcium oxide (CaO) and could be assigned as class

C fly ash, according to the International classification. Specific surface area of this fly ash was 2.75 m2/g and mean particle diameter was 59.5 µm. Zeolitic compounds were synthesised by using mixture of this fly ash and a transition aluminium oxide under hydrothermal treatment at 100, 150

and 200oC temperatures for a different duration. Various zeolitic compounds including Na-faujasite and sodium aluminosilicate were synthesised as reaction products.

Keywords: fly ash, characterisation, hydrothermal treatment, zeolite synthesis

Introduction

oal fired thermal power stations are generating a huge amount of by-

products such as fly ash and bottom ash. It was estimated that annual disposal of coal firing by-products is around 600 million

tones worldwide with fly ash constituting about 500 million tones at 75-80% of the total

ash produced [1]. Since, the coal firing by-products are accumulating rapidly, it can be caused serious disposal problem. Most of the

fly ashes are kept in an ash pond and disposed at landfill which could be considered as treat

to land and water resources. Moreover, for the developed countries the disposal of the fly as will soon be too costly if not forbidden [2].

Coal firing by products have been used in construction related applications such as

cement and concrete manufacturing, road and railroad bases, pavement, for the capture of

industrial and water treatment wastes, sources

of valuable metals, ceramic applications, synthesis of several type of zeolite etc. [3].

In Mongolia coal fired thermal power stations are producing over 90% of electricity. Especially in Ulaanbaatar city all the required

electricity is producing by 3 thermal power stations and the largest one is 4th thermal

power station. The 4th thermal power station is using Baganuur and Shivee-ovoo coals for firing and annual disposed coal firing by

product is over 300.000 tones. However, in Mongolia utilisation rate of the coal firing by

product is negligible and seems to be caused by a little knowledge of mineralogical and physical-chemical properties of the fly ash.

The goal of the present research was characterisation of the Baganuur fly ash and

elucidation of its applicability for a zeolite production.

C

16

p 16-19

Improvement of Electrochemical Activity of Pt/MWCNT Catalyst for Proton

Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Munkhshur Myekhlai 1,2

, Battsengel Baatar1, Bayardulam Jamiyansuren

1 and

Baasandorj Myagmarsuren1

1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National University of Mongolia

2 Institute of Chemistry and Chemistry technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences

ABSTRACT: In last years, the carbon nanotubes have been studied as an advanced metal catalyst

support for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. This study focuses on the sonochemical treatment

of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a platinum supporting material for proton

exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) by mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid and mixture of

sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy were

used to characterize the surface of sonochemically treated MWCNT and nanostructured

electrocatalyst Pt/MWCNT. According to the experimental results of this work, the surface of

MWCNT can be more successfully functionalized with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups after

sonochemical treatment by mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. The particle size of prepared Pt -

electrocatalyst on MWCNT was determined 3.4 nm by XRD.

Keywords: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Multi Walled Carbon Nano Tubes

Introduction

arbon nanotubes (CNT) have attracted

much attention due to their

extraordinary electrical, mechanical

and structural properties [1]. In recent years,

there has been increasing interest in carbon

nanotubes as heterogeneous catalyst support.

Studies have shown that metal nanoparticles

supported on carbon nanotubes may provide

much improved catalytic activity [2].

Recently, carbon nanotubes have been

proposed as promising support materials for

fuel cell catalyst due to their unique

characteristics, including high aspect ratio,

high electron conductivity, and enhanced

mass transport capability [3]. The catalytic

activity of the Pt based catalysts is strongly

dependent on the composition, structure,

morphology, particle size, alloying degree [4,

5] and catalyst supports [6, 7].

In many of these applications, CNTs have

to be surface functionalized [8]. Among

various surface functionalization techniques,

oxidation is probably the most widely studied.

Oxidation of CNTs has been used to remove

amorphous carbon for purification purposes

[9] and to open CNT ends for metal

nanoparticle insertion [10]. Early treatment

techniques have involved gas-phase oxidation

in air and oxidative plasmas but these

techniques have led to an over-oxidation of

CNTs, often severely damaging the CNTs and

removing the amorphous carbon in addition.

Liquid-phase oxidation involves acidic

etching with nitric and/or sulfuric acids.

Compared to gas-phase oxidation, this

C

20

p 20-23

Hydrocracking of atmospheric distillable residue of Mongolian oil

Ts.Tugsuu

1, Sugimoto Yoshikazu

2, B.Enkhsaruul

1, D.Monkhoobor

1

1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, NUM, PO Box-46/574, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia 2 Energy Technology Research Institute, AIST, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan

Abstract: Many catalytic processes to refine heavy part of crude oil have attracted much interest

due to declining reserves of light crude oils. This study focused on hydrocracking process of

atmospheric distillable residue of Mongolian crude oil in the first time compared to those of other

countries. Residue samples were hydrocracked with a commercial catalyst at 4500C, 460

0C, 470

0C

for 2 h under hydrogen pressure of 10 MPa. The amount of residual fraction (350oC<BP) decreased

to 9.4wt% by the hydrocracking of atmospheric distillable residue from Tamsagbulag crude oil.

When the ME-AR was hydrocracked, the high consumption of hydrogen was related to the lowest

H/C atomic ratio of feed atmospheric residue. The amount of liquid fractions (BP<350oC) including

gaseous products increased from 45.4wt% to 89.2wt%, when the reaction temperature increased

from 4500C to 470

0C. The highest yield of the middle fraction for each sample was observed at

temperature of 460oC. On the other hand, the effect of temperature on the yield of middle fraction

was not so high as compared with the yields of other fractions. The contents of n-paraffins on

midlle and heavy fractions of TB-AR, DQ-AR were similar, but ME-AR’s was around 2 times

lower than other after hydrocracking runs.

Keywords: Hydrocracking, atmospheric residue, Tamsagbulag crude oil, commercial catalyst,

middle fraction

Introduction

n recent years, considerable attention has

been paid to the research on refining

process of heavy part of Mongolian crude

oils. Mongolian crude oils have small

amounts of sulfur [1] and heavy metals [2],

which make some troubles to the refining

processes of crude oil. Therefore, it is

considered that there is a possibility to refine

Mongolian crude oil by cheap and efficient

technology. On the other hand, Mongolian

crude oils contain a large amount of

atmospheric residual (52.9 - 69.8 wt%),

which should be converted into light and

middle oils in order to produce motor fuels

and chemicals [3,4].

The current study has focused on the

catalytic hydrocracking process in the

atmospheric distillable residue of Mongolian

crude oil comparing with those of Chinese

and Arabian crude oils at different

temperatures under hydrogen pressure of 10

MPa using a commercial cracking catalyst.

Our experiments have been carried out at the

Hydrocracking Catalyst Laboratory of

Advanced Fuel Group, Energy Technology

Research Institute (ETRI), National Institute

I

24

p 24-28

The Precious metals (Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Rh) adsorption

on the Silicon – organic sorbents

G. Burmaa1, S. Alen

1, Yu. Ganchimeg

2, I. Sukhbaatar

2

1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS

2Mongolian University of Science and Technology, School of Materials Technology

Abstract: Sorption activity of two types of Silicon-organic sorbents for the previous metals has

been studied. A polymer – poly (3- silsesquioxanilpropylthiocarbamate) - 3- silsesquioxanilpropyl-

ammonium which was obtained by the hydrolytic poly-condensation reaction and has been

determined its physical, chemical characteristics and its sorption activity for the Ag(I), Au(III),

Pt(IV), Pd(II), Rh(III). It has been found out that the sorbent shows high static sorption of Gold

(III), Mercury (II) at acidic condition. The second a net structured silicon-organic copolymer

{SiO2*2[O1.5Si(CH2)3NHC5H4N}n was synthesized by hydrolytic co-poly-condensation reaction. It

likely to react as an anionit that adsorbs chloro-complex anion of the Au (III), Pt(IV), Pd(II),

Rh(III).

Keyword: dithiocarbamate, 2-aminopyridine, sorption capacity, ion-coordination.

Introduction

nitial systemic research about the

complexity and silicon-organic ionite

which contain complex forming or ion

exchange groups started since 1977, when

discovered the poly-

mercaptomethylsilsesquioxane’s xerogel

[1,2]. It was taken from hydrolytic poly-

condensation of the

mercaptomethyltrialcosisilan HSCH2Si(RO)3

(R =CH3, C2H5). Poly-mercapto-

methylsilsesquioxane’s xerogel is an

adsorbent that has ability to adsorb Mercury

(II) from the extremely diluted solution (0.01-

2mg/l Hg) in the high diapason of the pH,

fully [3]. This adsorbent showed high

selective adsorption of Mercury(II) from

solution which contains over concentrated

ions of the Zn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) at pH

0.3-3. Now days this adsorbent is using for

removal of Mercury from waste water of

chlorine industry [3]. Also this sorbent has

shown high activity (1.1mg-equa/g) in case of

Ag(I) [4]. Then, adsorbed silver was fully

desorbed by 0.25M ammonium hydroxide.

When solution pH > 3, this sorbent has full

sorption capacity for Pb(II) and Sn(II) and

developed a spectrometer speedy method that

used to determine these elements in spa water

[4].

Therefore, silicon-organic sorbent

(PTCA-3A) with dithiocarbamate group has

been synthesized [5-7]. We are performing

research evaluating of adsorption capacity of

Hg(II), Au(III), Ag(I), Pt(IV), Rh(III) from

aqueous solution .

Organic derivatives of the

dithiocarbamate have been used widely in

practice. Most of them have an unique

biological activity and therefore, it is become

raw material of the pharmacy [8]. There is a

special trend of the practical usage of organic

compounds with dithiocarbamate group for

determination of heavy metals in the

I

29

p 29-34

Study of rare earth elements in coal ash from Khartarvagatai coal deposit

B.Gantumur1, M.Pagmadulam

1

1Hovd university, school of Natural Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry

baasandorjg@yahoo.com

Abstract: Have been investigated the mineral matter and chemical composition of ash from the

Khartarvagatai coal deposite by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and atomic absorption spectroscopy

(AAS) methods. In the ash of this coal have revealed trace elements like Се, Th, Be, La, Nd, Y, As.

These elements come from mineral gasparite that present in raw coal. All diffraction patterns were

analyzed by full-profile Rietveld refinements, using the software package WinPLOTR

Keywords: Khartarvagatai deposit, coal ash, rare earth elements, gasparite,

Introduction

oal serves as source of energy

resources and as source of organic

compounds of 21th century.

Nowadays more than 90 percent of

Mongolian power electricity and heat energy

are produced by using of coal resources and

coal is the main and reliable source of energy

throughout in all aimags and soums of

Mongolia.

Mongolia has a huge amount of coal

resources and coal is cheaper in comparison

with petroleum and natural gas. Demand of

coal is increasing year by year. Unfortunately

coal also may serve as source of pollutant of

nature.

At the same time coal ash is reliable

source of rare earth and dispersal elements.

Recently coal deposits are beginning to

evaluated by their contents of rare earth and

dispersal elements because of their needs in

modern industrial branches.

Therefore investigation of coal

mineral matter, chemical composition and

trace elements in ash is important task.

Moreover, beneficiation of coal might give

possibility to use coal completely without risk

for nature damage.

Experimental

Coal samples from deposit

Khartarvagatai located in western Mongolia

were used in the study. Khartarvagatai coal

deposit is located in Mongol Altai mountains

region. According to coal area this deposit

belongs to Kharhiraa coal basin.

The coal samples were ground and

sieved to particle sizes 0.074 mm and

subjected to

combustion in a muffle furnace at 600oC

temperature to obtain ash samples. The

contents of trace elements were

determined by PANalytical AXIOS

Advanced sequential X-ray spectrometer

installed in Central geological laboratory of

Mongolia. The glass disks are used for

trace element determination are prepared

by using mixtures of lithium tetraborate and

lithium metaborate, Spectromelt A12, Merck.

For the dilution 4200 mg of this flux and 700

mg of the sample are weighed in platinum-

gold crucibles and fused for 15 min at

1100oC. The melt is poured into pre-heated,

polished 32 mm-diameter moulds. For trace

element determinations the standard

deviations of consecutive analyses are in the

C

35

p 35-37

Some properties of testicular hyaluronidases

Enkhmaa Ts., Purev D., Bayarmaa J1

1NUM, School of Biology and Biotechnology

e-mail: enhma_87@yahoo.com

Abstract: The properties (pHopt, Topt, Km, temperature, acid and base stability of the enzyme

activity) of hyaluronidase prepared from testes of bovine, horse, pig and antelope were determined.

Keywords: hyaluronidases, hyaluronic acid, glycosaminoglycan

Introduction

he hyaluronidases (EC 3.2.1.35) have

been detected in many mammalian

tissues and organs. Some bacteria such

as Streptococcus pyogenes and Clostridium

perfringens produce hyaluronidase (Ohya T.,

1970). Hyaluronidase resists spreading of

venoms and virulence of bacteria and may

play a role in cancer metastasis and

angiogenesis (Beckenlehner K., 1992).

Therefore it is used in medicine (Schomberg

D., 1991). There are many beneficial effects

of hyaluronidase in the biological function.

Mammalian oocytes are surrounded by

several layers of cells embedded in

extracellular matrix which contains protein

and hyaluronic acid. That is why

hyaluronidase degrades these layers. This

process helps to spermatozoon fertelizing egg

(Dandekar P., 1992). The substrate of

hyaluronidase is hyaluronic acid (HA). It is a

glycosaminoglycan with high molecular

weight linear polymer built of large numbers

of repeating units consisting of [-D-

glucuronic acid-β1,3-N-acetyl-D-

glucosamine- β1,4-]n (Laurent T.C., 1992).

Experimental

Materials and chemicals: The testes of

bovine, pig and horse were purchased from

“МАХ IMPEX” company and testes of

antelope were taken from Bayandun sum of

Dornod aimag.

Determination of enzyme activity: The

enzyme activity was determined by classic

turbidimetric assay (Yang C., 1975). This

method is based on the estimation due to an

interaction between albumin and HA. Mixture

of 0.5 ml of hyaluronate solution (0.04-0.32

mg/ml of HA (Wortington) in 0.2-1.0 ml of

0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer with pH 5.3

which contains 0.15 M NaCl) and 0.5 ml of

testicular extract was incubated at 37°C for 25

minutes. Then 9 ml of albumin was added to

the solution and was being stayed for 10

minutes at room temperature.

The color development was measured at 540

nm against control solution by the

spectrophotometer. The results were

compared with the standard curve.

Plotting the standard curve: The solution of

HA was heated for 5 minutes in a boiling

water bath and 9 ml of albumin was added to

test tubes and was measured at 540 nm

against control solution.

T

38

p 38-41

Coumarins from Peucedanum hystrix growing in Mongolia

Ganbaatar J.1, Shults E. E.

2, Otgonsuren D.

1,

1Radnaeva L.D.

3, Taraskin B

3.,

Badamkhand D.1

1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS;

2Novosibirsk

Institute of Organic Chemistry, SB RAS

3Baikal Institute of Natural Management SB RAS

Abstract: It is proved to be that of genus Peucedanum hystrix serve as a source of biologically

valuable natural coumarins. Nine angular furocoumarins belonging to class of 2'-substituted and

2',3'-disubstituted 2',3'-dihydrofurocoumarins have been isolated and structurally isolated. For

peucenidin data of X-ray analysis is obtained.

Keywords: Peucedanum hystrix, coumarins, oroselol, columbianetin, X-ray analysis.

Introduction

lants of Umbelliferae family are known

to be a good source of naturally

occurring coumarins for producing of

potential medicinal preparations [1].

Coumarins are considered as phytoalexins

since plants produce them as defence

substances when wounded or attacked by

other organisms. Coumarins can be suggested

to be beneficial for the plants themselves as

natural biocontrolling antipathogenic

compounds and for humans as remedy for

hyperproliferative skin deseases and as

reference compounds in various bioactive

tests. Furthermore, coumarin containing

plants are valuable as dietary supplements on

the basis of their mild antimicrobial and anti-

inflammatory effects. Coumarins are also

active in plant metabolism, taking part in

growth regulation.

Plants of genus Peucedanum sp.

attract attention of scientists as source of

coumarins. Peucedanum hystrix Bge. widely

spread in Southern Siberia and Mongolia [2].

To our knowledge a systematic

phytochemical investigation of this plant has

not been properly carried out. Previously

oroselon (1), оroselol (2) and 2'-(S)-O-

senecioyl)-2',3'-dihydrooroselol (libanorin)

(3) have been isolated from the Peucedanum

hystrix Bge. [3].

Experimental

NMR spectra of compounds were

obtained in CDCl3 or CD3OD obtained on

spectrometers Bruker AV-300 [working

frequency 300.13 (1Н) and 75.47 МHz (

13С)]

and AV-600 [600.30 (1Н) и 150.96 МHz

(13

С)]. Different types of proton-proton and

carbon-proton shifting correlation

spectroscopy (СOSY, COXH, COLOC,

NOESY) were used for assignment of signals

in NMR spectra. Multiplesity of signals in 13

С

NMR spectra determined in regime J

моdulation. High resolution mass-

spectrometer DFS Thermo Scientific (energy

P

42

p 42-49

Physico -chemical quality of Bactrian camel milk

O.GANSAIKHAN1, TS.BATSUKH, Z.ICHINHORLOO

2

1School of Food Engineering Biotechnology, Mongolian University of

Science Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 2School of Biomedicine, Chemistry and Biochemistry department, Health Science

University of Mongolia Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Abstract: Present study was carried out to investigate the quality of camel milk. A wide variation

was observed in the quality of raw camel milk. Specific gravity ranged between 1.014 and 1.017

(1.015±0.001), pH 6.53 and 6.77. Total solids, fat, protein, casein, lactose, ash and minerals

contents ranged between 14.23 and 12.13, 5.56 and 8.29, 1.8 and 5.0, 1.8 and 3.2, 0.78 and 2.76, 2.9

and 4.12, 0.85 to 1.00 0.20 and 0.28 g per 100 g, respectively.

Keywords; camel milk, Bactrian, chemical quality

Introduction

he Mongols have been closely linked

with the camel herd and they provided

their food, clothes, housing, labor

utensils, transport and fuel needs with what

camel yielded. 9.6% of the entire camel herds

in the world are Bactrian camels. Over 30%

of this kind well the Gobi aria which holds

42% of the entine Mongolia.

The lactation period of camel is 17

months. Depending on the natural,

environmental and feeding conditions a camel

can produce 0.5 liter of milk a day on the

average and it’s possible to use 500-550 liter

of milk a year. If milk about 80% of the entire

she-camel herd of Mongolia and obtain 0.5

liter from a camel it is possible to use a

million liters of milk a year.

The Mongols have a specific

technology of processing camel milk, that had

come down generation to generation. As we

know by now they make over 50 types of

dairy products through the traditional method.

The camel milk and dairy products not only

meet the Gobi dwellers’ needs in food and

drinks. They also widely used for folk

medicine. 2

According to the FAO (Food and Agriculture

Organization) certain antibodies in camel's

milk can help fight diseases like cancer,

HIV/Aids, Alzheimer's and hepatitis C. 4

Composition of camel milk depends on its

feed and species: Bactrian milk has a higher

fat content than Dromedary milk. Well-

documented properties of camel's milk

include: ten times more iron than cow's milk,

three to five times more vitamin C than cow's

milk, rich in B vitamins, high in

imunoglobins, high in protein, minerals, low

in fat - 1.8-2% fat compared to 3.5-4% in

cow's milk, low in cholesterol, anti-bacterial,

anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, six types of

fatty acid including lanolin acid.

Experimental

Milk samples from camels at various

stages of lactation were collected at random

from camel-rearing areas around Umnugovi

and Dundgovi aimag. Milk samples (500 ml

each) were collected in clean and sterilized

sample bottles and brought to the laboratory

T

50

p 50-52

Study on arsenic removal process from water

B.Bayarmaa1, E.Selenge

1, Yang Min

2

1Health Science University of Mongolia.

2Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, CAS.

chuluun73@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this study a novel adsorbent, iron oxide, is used for As (V) or As (III) removal. Some

ferric oxides have been reported to be effective for arsenic removal. Ferric oxides powder is a good

adsorbent material since it’s has magnetic properties and a good adsorption capacity. The main

purpose of this study has been focused on to study the relationship between adsorption capacity

(ability, performance) and the surface characteristics of the ferric oxide. Prepared sample’s capacity

was evaluated. The value was 26.1-67.4 mg/g for As (V) and 20.5-47.8 mg/g for As (III). pH

dependence was evaluated and when pH increasing, adsorption capacity was decreased. The kinetic

was evaluated and about 12 hours reached equilibrium and a capacity of 49 mg/g for As (V) and 42

mg/g for As(III) was gained. The kinetic constants for arsenic adsorption on the ferrihydrite

adsorbent’s were fitted.

Keywords. Ferrihydrite, adsorption, arsenic removal

Introduction

errihydrite is an iron oxy-hydroxide

known to play an important role in the

natural environment and fresher it is,

higher the adsorption capacity it has. Its large

surface area, strong adsorptive properties, and

low cost make it an attractive material for

removal of both cationic and anionic

impurities from wastewater and drinking

water. The use of ferrihydrite to remove

arsenic from hydrometallurgical process

solutions and wastewaters has received a

great deal of attention over a number of years.

Ferrihydrite readily adsorbs arsenic (V) in the

form of arsenate anion (AsO43-

), but probably

the most effective method of removal of

arsenic from aqueous solutions is through

coprecipitation of arsenic with ferrihydrite.(1)

The main arsenic removal techniques from

drinking water are: oxidation, precipitation/co

precipitation, coagulation, sorption, ion-

exchange and reverse osmosis. Although

these methods have been widely employed,

they have several drawbacks: high operating

and waste treatment costs, high consumption

of reagents and large volume of sludge

formation. In contrast, adsorption methods are

considered to be very important because of

their treatment stability, easy operation and

compact facility. When the loaded adsorbent

can be regenerated properly, the process can

be sludge free. Conventional adsorbents used

in arsenic removal are activated carbons and

alumina, soils and resins which can be coated

with different materials like iron or alumina.

(The major disadvantages of these techniques

are difficult separation (centrifugation or

filtering), waste formation (both liquid and

sludge) and in many cases poor adsorption

capacity.) So in this study I use ferric oxides.

F

53

p 53-55

Biochemical Study of Mumijo in Uvs province, Mongolia

J. Sukhdolgor

1, D. Orkhonselenge

2

1 Department of Biochemistry and Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Biology and Biotechnology, National University of

Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia 2 Biotechnology production, Research and Training Center, Public Health Institute,

Ulaanbaatar 458645, Mongolia

Abstract: The authors cleared mumijo by extractive and distil methods, defined pure output of

natural mumijo and compared difference between these two methods. We defined the amount of dry

and extractive substances, raw oil, antioxidant-rutin, vitamin C, fulvic acid, common nitrogen and

total protein, content of protein amino acids, and mineral elements in natural mumijo. We exposed

13 protein amino acids in sample of natural mumijo. The content of total irreplaceable amino acids

(5) were 26.2%. The authors defined macro and microelements (42) in ash of natural mumijo. In

sample of mumijo exposed 10 elements are oxide form, W, Y, Cs, La-rare metal of the earth, and

actinoids- Nd, Th, U; lantanoids-Pr, Sm. The same exposed non-ferrous metal-Cu, Mo; light metal-

Al, mixed metal-Pb, Zn. However, the valuable metals-Au, Ag and white gold are not exposed.

Keywords: Mumijo, protein amino acids, fulvic acid, mineral elements

Introduction

umijo, also known as momia and

shilajit is a thick, sticky tar-like

substance with a colour ranging

from white to dark brown, which sometimes

found in Caucasus, Altai mountains and Tibet

mountain chains. Mumijo is a word of Greece

origin. The substance is mentioned in the

works of Aristotle and Avicenna as a remedy

with antiseptic and general stimulant

properties used people in Caucasus. Most

scientists agree that people observed wounded

animals frequenting caves with mumijo and

discovered the substance, similar substances

are used for medicinal purposes throughout

Tibet (Berun, 10th century; Jambaldorj, 1978).

Some scientific research on mumijo has

been done in the former USSR, including full-

scale clinical trials. Most information on

mumijo is known from Russian literature

sources.

Mumijo is still unclear whether it has

geological or biological origin as it has

numerous traces of vitamins and amino acids.

Mumijo is not toxic, at least in reasonable

quantities. A mumijo-like substance from

Antarctica was found to contain glycerol

derivatives and was also believed to have

medicinal properties. Mumijo has a wide

spectrum of pharmacological activity. A

unique plant extract in combination with

dozens of minerals: six amino acids, vitamins,

A, B, C and P, natural steroids, terpenoids,

phospholipids and polyphenol complexes.

Mumijo contains trace and micro-elements

(cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, manganese,

chromium, iron, sodium, potassium,

magnesium, and others) (Shakirov, 1963).

Mongolian researchers were studied

about Mumijo at an ancient time.

Agvaandondov (1991) translated it as “Khar

magic”, “Brown method” and “Historical

M

56

p 56-59

Activated carbons from Mongolian coals by thermal treatment

A. Ariunaa1, J. Narangerel

2, B. Purevsuren

1, R. Erdenechimeg

1

1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Ulaanbaatar 51, Mongolia

2Central Laboratory for Coal Research, Mineral Resources Authority of Mongolia,

POB297, Ulaanbaatar 210628, Mongolia.

Abstract: Mongolian different rank coals were used as raw material to prepare activated

carbons by physical activation method. The coal derived carbons were oxidized with nitric

acid in order to introduce surface oxygen groups. The ultimate elemental analysis, scanning

electron microscopy, surface area, pore size distribution analysis and selective neutralization

method were used to characterize the surface properties of activated carbons, oxidized

carbons and raw coals. The effect of coal grade on the adsorption properties of the carbons

were studied. It was concluded that Naryn sukhait bituminous coal could be serve as suitable

raw material for production of activated carbons for removal of heavy metal ions from

solution.

Keywords: lignite, subbituminous and bituminous coals, activated carbon, oxidized carbon

Introduction

ongolia is a country with rich

coal resources. Coal has been

believed to be the major energy

source among fossil fuels in the coming

century because of its easy availability.

Total geological resources of coal are 163

billion tones and a proven coal reserve is

9.3 billion tones [1]. In 2010 Mongolian

coal production has been increased to 23

million tones, from which 17 million tones

were exported to China. Coal is composed

mostly of lignite, subbituminous and

bituminous coals.

The presence of contaminant heavy metal

ions like cadmium, mercury and lead in the

industrial area of Ulaanbaatar city is a

growing problem due to their high

toxicities. Direct use of activated carbon

[2] or some of their modified forms such as

oxidized carbons [3] for the removal of the

toxic metal ionic pollutants present in

waste water is of considerable importance.

To resolve the problems of

environmental pollutions we need to

investigate the possibility of obtaining

activated carbons with certain adsorbing

and filtering ability from different kind of

coals, which are the cheapest raw materials

in Mongolia. In principle, the processes for

the preparation of active carbons can be

divided into two categories - physical and

chemical methods. The physical method

consists of carbonization of the precursor

followed by gasification of the resulting

char by steam or by using of carbon

dioxide [4].

The objective of the present work was to

study the features on thermal

decomposition of Mongolian Shivee-Ovoo

lignite, Sharyn gol, Alagtogoo

subbituminous coals, and Naryn sukhait

bituminous coal, to establish the possibility

to obtain adsorbent materials physical

methods from these coals.

M

60

p 60-64

Identification of Angiotensin I-converting enzyme Inhibitory Activities

from traditional Mongolian fermented milk products

D.Bayarsaikhan1, Kohji YAMAKI

2, G.Enkhtaivan

3, Z.Ichinkhorloo

4

1Shastin Central Hospital, Clinical Nutrition Departmentl, Mongolia

2National Food Research Institute, Nutritional Function Laboratory, Japan, 3Mongolian University of Science and Technology,

School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, 4Health Sciences University. School of Biomedicine

Abstract: Several angiotensen-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptites have been detected in

milk products. There are many traditional milk products in Mongolia. For this study, some

Mongolian milk products were collected, and the ACE inhibitory activities of these samples were

tested; an active fraction was found in aaruul made from mare’s milk. After purification by dialysis

and HPLC, the active fractions were isolated. The molecular weight of the active component was

362.05 M, as determined by mass spectrometry. An authentic standard was used to determine the

IC50 value of the inhibitory activity. From 5’-GMP is not much higher than that of the active peptide

in sour milk and some flavonoids. However, this is the first report that shows that 5’ –GMP inhibits

ACE activity. These results will provide useful information for the development of hypertension

therapy agents.

Keywords: traditional Mongolian milk product, angiotensin-converting enzyme,

5’-guanosine monophosphate

Introduction

ngiotensin I-converting enzyme

(ACE) is one of the vasopressor

principle. ACE convert angiotensin I

to angiotensin II, that has a vasopressor

action, in the rennin-angiotensin system and

also inactivates bradykinin that is in an

antihypertensive peptide. Recently,

modification of the conventional ACE

inhibition assay procedure has been requested

because of the use of harmful organic solvent

such as ethyl acetate for the extraction of

hippuric acid cleaved from Hippuryl-His-Leu

by ACE and its complicated procedure.

Fermented milk products, in addition to

providing both energy and nutrients, are an

excellent source of bioactive peptides.

Numerous peptides with bioactive properties

have been isolated from fermented dairy

products. These include antibacterial,

anticancer, immunomodulatory, mineral-

binding, opioid and antihypertensive peptides.

The dairy product making tradition, which

has a 15,000 years of history in the region

was a known skill for its ancient dwellers.

Milk is sacred in Mongolia where milk and

milk products are staple foods and produced

in greatabundance from over 30 million head.

Though more than 100 regional varieties are

produced, traditional products are broadly

classified as fat or protein -based or

fermented. The Protein-based products aaruul

(dried curd) is made that thick aarts is put on

the wooden panel and pressed by a weight

and cut it by threads, knife, and scraper or

crumpled up and dried up finally. It is a

A

65

p 65-68

Persistent organic pollutants (PCBs and OCP) in air and soil from Ulaanbaatar

and the Lake Hovsgol region, Mongolia

Mamontova E.A.1, Tarasova E.N.

1, Ganchimeg D.

2, Kuzmin M.I.

1, Mamontov A.A.

1,

Khomutova M.Yu.1, Burmaa G.

2, Odontuya G.

2, Erdenebayasgalan G.

3

1 A.P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

2 Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences

3 Ministry of nature, environment and tourism, Mongolia

Abstract: The investigations of POPs in soil and air in three urban and rural sites of the Mongolia

are presented. The POPs distribution in air repeats the POPs distribution in soil on the area

investigated. The POPs levels in soil and air are lower than maximum permissible concentrations

(MPC) and preliminary permissible concentrations (PPC) of PCBs and OCP accepted in Russia.

POPs levels in Mongolian soil obtained in the investigation are comparable with those from

background areas of the world. POPs levels in Mongolian air are in the frame of concentrations

found in the world. The PCB homological pattern in soil near electric power station in Ulaanbaatar

is close to homological pattern in PCB technical mixture (Sovol or Arochlor 1254). The

homological patterns in soil from other sites changed due to the redistribution of PCB congeners in

the environment. The ratio of DDT and its metabolites indicates fresh entrance of DDT in the

environment of Mongolia due to the atmospheric transboundary transport from countries using

DDT (China, India) or from local agricultural sources. Hazard indexes in result from human

exposure with POPs in soil and air are lower by 2-4 orders than 1 that denotes the possible default

of disturbances in target organ and system. CR under the same scenario corresponds to the first

diapason that is taken by population as negligible risk, not differ from usual everyday risks. Such

risks don’t require additional measures for the reducing of risks and their levels are a subject of

periodical control. The necessity of additional investigation of POPs distribution and the fate in

Mongolian environment is indicated.

Introduction

ersistent organic pollutants (POPs) is

the group of dangerous compounds

with common properties. They are

persistent in environment; bioaccumulative

along food chain; toxic for human and other

alive organisms (AMAP, 1998; Sunden,

1998). POPs bring remote effects including

cancer, disturbance of development,

dysfunction of reproductive, endocrine and

immune systems and other health problems.

POPs are able to long range transport. POPs

can be found in remote areas, far from

primary sources of formation and application

(AMAP, 1998). The measures protecting

human health and the environment form

negative effects of the compounds are taken

on the national, regional and international

levels. The measures provide elimination

and/or reduce the emission, release of POPs

into environment and, if it is necessary, the

cessation of production and application.

Stockholm Convention on the persistent

organic pollutants was adopted on the

Conference of the Parties and opened for the

signing 22 May 2001. More then 150

P

69

p 69-77

Bioactive phenolic acids from Scorzonera radiata Fisch.

N.Tsevegsuren1, P.Proksch

2, Y.Wang

3, G.Davaakhuu

1

1National University of Mongolia, 2Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, 3Peking University

ABSTRACT: Chromatographic separation of the crude extract obtained from the aerial parts of the Mongolian

medicinal plant Scorzonera radiata yielded five new dihydrostilbenes [4], two new flavonoids, one new quinic acid

derivative, as well as twenty known compounds including eight quinic acid derivatives, four flavonoids, two coumarins,

five simple benzoic acids, and one monoterpene glycoside. We present here results on isolation and structural identification some active phenolic compounds from the Scorzonera radiata - eight quinic acid derivatives (quinic acid,

4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid,

chlorogenic acid, 5-p-coumaroylquinic acid (trans), 5-p-coumaroylquinic acid (cis)). Quinic acid derivatives exhibited

antioxidative activity.

Keywords. Quinic acid, dicaffeoylquinic acid, dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid, chlorogenic acid,

coumaroylquinic acid,

Introduction

corzonera is a genus of the family

Asteraceae that includes more than 150

species, which are distributed in the

temperate zones of Eurasia. Eleven species of

Scorzonera are found on the Mongolian

plateau, two of which are endemic [2,5].

Scorzonera radiata Fisch. is a typical

mesophyte and a perennial herbaceous rosette

plant. All parts of the plant are used in

Mongolian folk medicine for the treatment of

poisonous ulcers, for fever caused by

bacterial and viral infections, and for its

diuretic and galactagogue properties [4].

No phytochemical studies have been reported

for S. radiata, although other species of this

genus have been studied extensively, resulting

in the isolation of many active compounds

including sesquiterpenes, lignans,

neolignans, phenolic acids, triterpene

derivatives, stilbene derivatives,

dihydroisocoumarins, and flavonoids.

Previously we have investigated S.divaricata

and S.peseudodivaricata from Mongolian

flora which were used in the Traditional

Mongolian Medicine for cancer treatment and

other diseases [9]. Aerial parts of Mongolian

medicinal plant S.radiata from Mongolia

were studied by us for first time.

The subject of this study was the isolation and

structural elucidation of the secondary

metabolites from medicinal plant S.radiata,

followed by evaluation of their

pharmocological potential. We have used

various modern chromatographic techniques

for separation and purification of natural

products from the crude extract. The

structures were unambiguously elucidated on

the basis of one- and two-dimensional NMR

and mass spectrometric data.

Experimental

Isolation of secondary metabolites from

Scorzonera radiata

The air-dried, powdered plant material of

S.radiata was extracted exhaustively by

maceration with MeOH (3x400 ml) at room

temperature. The total extract was

concentrated to dryness under vacuum. The

concentrated solids were reconstituted with

100 ml of MeOH/H2O (3:7) and then

partitioned successively with hexane (5x100

S

78

p 78-84

New isoquinoline alkaloid from Carduus crispus L.

J.Tunsag1,

G. Davaakhuu2, D.Batsuren

1

1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences

2School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, National University of Mongolia, gda@num.edu.mn

Abstract: A new isoquinoline alkaloid, along with other known 4 bioactive compounds (1 isoquinoline

alkaloid, 2 flavonoids, 1 coumarin), were isolated from the ethanol extract of aerial parts of Carduus crispus

L. Crispine А N-oxide was newly isolated compound, two of them (quercetin and rutin) were compounds

isolated for the first time from indicated plant. The structures of these compounds were elucidated and

confirmed with spectroscopic methods e.g. 1H-NMR,

13C-NMR, EI-MS, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and by

comparison with literature data.

Keywords: ethanol extract, chromatography, chloroform, crispine A N-oxide

Introduction

he genus Carduus (Compositae)

comprises 95 species all over the

world [1]. Two species (C.crispus L.

& C.nutans L.) are widely distributed in

Mongolia [2]. Investigations of chemical

constitutes showed that flavonoids, alkaloids

and coumarins are the main components of

this genus [1,3,4,5]. C.crispus is used in

Mongolian traditional medicine for treatment

of gland’s cancer and as anaelgestics [6]. It

has been shown that this plant has antioxidant

and cell wall strengthening activity. It has

been established the cytotoxic activity of the

alcoholic extract of C.crispus. [3].

Isoquinoline alkaloids (crispine A-E,

carcrisine A, B) and flavone glycoside were

isolated from this plant collected in Inner

Mongolia have been reported [1,3,5].

Herewith, we report about the isolation and

structural elucidation of a new isoquinoline

alkaloid; crispine A N-oxide. The 1H and

13C

NMR spectral data of this compound are

given for the first time.

Experimental

Apparatus

Melting point was determined on a Stuart

SMP 10 apparatus. FABMS were measured

on Bruker APEX II spectrometer. 1H NMR

and 13

C NMR (400 MHz) spectra (all in

CDCl3) were recorded with a Bruker AM

400, using TMS as internal standard. Silica

gel 60 (Merck 0.063-0.200 mesh) was used

for column chromatography. Al2O3 plates

were used for TLC. Plates were visualized by

spraying with Dragendorff’s reagent.

Plant material

Aerial parts of C. crispus of its full flowering

stage were collected in July 2003-2004, from

Handgait place, near Ulaanbaatar city,

Mongolia. A species was identified by Prof.

Ch.Sanchir, Institute of Botany, Mongolian

Academy of Sciences. Aerial parts of the

T

85

p 85-87

Utilization of spent brewer’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the

production of yeast enzymatic hydrolysate

M.Bayarjargal1, E.Munkhbat

1, T.Ariunsaikhan

1, M.Odonchimeg

1,

T.Uurzaikh2, T.Gan-Erdene

1, D.Regdel

3

1 Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences

2 Mongolian National University 3 Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Abstract: Spent brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is a rich source of protein, vitamins

and widely used as a raw material for production of food supplements. The autolysis and enzymatic

treatment of spent brewer’s yeast using Pancreatin (2.5%) and Flavourzyme (2.5%) were performed

at 45 o

C and 50 oC, respectively. The autolysis and hydrolysis processes were evaluated by

determining a soluble solids, soluble protein concentration and α-amino nitrogen content in a

reaction mixture. The yield of pancreatic digest and α-amino nitrogen content was high in

comparison with autolysis and Flavourzyme treatment. The total solids recovery in dry Yeast

hydrolysate was about 50%, a protein and α-amino nitrogen content was 55.9 and 4.8%,

respectively. These results show the possibility of utilizing the spent brewer’s yeast as hydrolysate

using hydrolytic enzymes and use it as a food supplement after biological experiments.

Keywords: spent brewer’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, enzymatic hydrolysis, Pancreatin,

Flavourzyme

Introduction

accharomyces cerevisiae yeast species

are most extensively used in brewery

industry and leaven bread dough [1, 2].

They are also a source for the production of

Yeast extracts comprising the water soluble

components of the yeast cell, the composition

of which is primarily amino acids, peptides,

carbohydrates and salts. Yeast extracts are

used widely in food with two main purposes,

i.e., to improve the flavor of food to satisfy

consumer and to increase the nutritional value

[3]. Yeast extracts used as ingredients in food

industry for production of soups, gravies and

meat products as well as in cosmetic

materials, animal feed, microbiological

growth media. Other applications include

protein and vitamin supplements in health and

functional food.

There are 3 main methods for the

production of Yeast extract: autolysis,

plasmolysis and hydrolysis [4]. Autolysis of

the yeast is a degradation process carried out

by activating the yeast’s own cell enzymes to

disruption of cell components. Although

autolysis is a traditional manufacturing

process in the yeast extract production there

are some disadvantages: low yield, difficulty

in solid-liquid separation, poor taste

characteristics as a flavor enhancer and risk of

deterioration due to microbial contamination.

Plasmolysis is a modified autolysis

process in the presence of so-called

accelerators, such as an inorganic salt

S

88

p 88-91

Chemical and biological investigation of the Agaricus silvaticus

Schaeff ex. Secr

L.Munkhgerel1, N.Erdenechimeg

1, M.Dumaa

1, G.Zhang

2, P.Odonmajig

1, D.Regdel

1

1 Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Mongolia 2 Chengdu Institute of Biology, CAS, China

Abstract: Extract of Agaricus silvaticus Schaeff ex. Secr fungus have been known to have

biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, anticomplementary

and immunostimulating effects. In this study we first time identified that Agaricus silvaticus

Schaeff ex. Secr has interferon like activity. We first time isolated the four known compounds such

as, mannitol (1), urea (2), ergosterol (3) and ergosterol peroxide (4) from 95% ethanol extracts of

Agaricus silvaticus Schaeff ex. Secr in Mongolia. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of

extensive analysis of spectral data and by comparison with authentic samples.

Keywords: Agaricus silvaticus Schaeff ex. Secr., A.silvaticus, A.sylvaticus, IFN-like activity, luciferase, mannitol,

urea, еrgosterol (ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol), ergosterol peroxide (5,8-epidioxy-5α,8α-ergosta-6,22E-dien-3β-ol)

Introduction

ushrooms are considered

nutraceuticals or functional foods

by many clinicians and researchers,

a fact that has also stimulated the search by

Brazilian producers for more advanced

production techniques along with introduction

of new species. According to Urben, there is

great genetic variety of native Agaricus genus

mushrooms cultivated throughout the world

[1].

Agaricus is a large and important

genus of mushroom containing both edible

and poisonous species, with possibly over 300

members worldwide. This genus belongs to

Phylum Basidiomycota, Class –

Hymenomycetes (newly described Class

Agaricomycetes), Order: Agaricales, Family:

Agaricaceae [2].

Five Agaricus sp. proved to have

antioxidant activity and mushroom extracts

revealed similar electrochemical responses,

suggesting similar electroactive chemical

composition and oxidation potentials more

positive than those of the standards (ascorbic

and gallic acids). A. silvaticus was the most

efficient species presenting the lowest EC

values in the chemical and biochemical assays

and the highest antioxidant power in the

electrochemical assays [3].

Agaricus silvaticus is able to reduce

anemia and improve biochemical parameters

in animals with cancer and has no adverse

effects on the blood cells of healthy animals.

Agaricus silvaticus treatment was able to

reduce

anemia in animals with cancer.

Biochemical parameters were nearer

the

normal levels in animals treated with this

mushroom. These

results suggest that

administration of Agaricus silvaticus Schaeff

ex. Secr extract has beneficial effects in rats

with Walker 256 tumor, especially

in the

hematopoietic system [4].

Brazilian researchers have reported

that the effects of the dietary supplementation

with Agaricus sylvaticus fungus in relation to

M

92

p 92-97

The mechanochemical activation study of Tsagaan-tsav zeolite

Ts. Zolzaya, B. Davaabal, Z.Ochirbat, G. Oyun-Erdene,

A. Minjigmaa, J. Temuujin

Laboratory of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical

Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Abstract: Characterisation of mechanochemically activated Tsagaan-tsav zeolite has been

performed. Tsagaan-tsav zeolite has been activated with a vibration mill for 2, 3, 5, 10 and 20

minutes. Ball to powder ratios were varied 1:10, 1:20, 1:50 and 1:100. Efficiency of milling

determined based on amorphisation rate and cation exchange capacity changes. The highest

efficiency was obtained for zeolite milled with ball to powder ratio of 100. Structural

characterisation was performed with XRD, SEM, BET and particle size analyzer. Mechanochemical

activation improves cation exchange capacity of natural zeolite.

Keywords: natural zeolite, mechanical activation, amorphisation, cation exchange capacity

Introduction

atural zeolite comprises an alumino-

silicate framework with its channels

filled with water and exchangeable

cations [1] and are widely applied as catalysts

in chemical industries like oil refining, basic

petrochemistry, and fine chemistry [2].

Although there are more than thirty known

natural zeolites, only seven – mordenite,

clinoptilolite, ferrierite, chabazite, erionite,

phillipsite and analcime – occur in sufficient

quantity [3]. Mongolia is rich in natural

zeolite reserves and the highest reserve zeolite

is clinoptilolite from Tsagaan-tsav deposit [4].

The structure of zeolite is known to be

composed of (Si,Al)O4 tetrahedra, which

share all their oxygen vertices with

neighboring tetrahedra. The negative charge

of the framework is balanced by alkalis and

alkaline earths located outside the tetrahedra,

in the channels. Such alkaline and alkaline

earths ions are called exchangeable cations

[3]. Zeolite structure can be modified by

either an acid or a base leaching to create

mesopores and hence, to increase the surface

area. At the same time some researchers

suggested that mechanochemical activation of

zeolite ruptures Al-O-Si bonding in zeolite

thus improve the reactivity of the zeolite [5].

We have suggested that improving of the

zeolite reactivity could cause improving of

cation exchange capacity of a mechanically

activated zeolite and may have some more

applications. In this research, we have

performed comparative study of zeolite after

milling for a different duration.

Experimental

Natural zeolite samples from

“Tsagaan-tsav” deposit in Saikhan-dulaan

sum in Dondgovi-aimag was used as starting

material. Chemical composition of zeolite

was determined by XRF (Rigaku, Primini).

Chemical composition of zeolite was (wt%):

SiO2 (72.6), Al2O3 (14.8), K2O (4.2), Na2O

(3.54), Fe2O3 (2.16), CaO (1.51), MgO

(0.709), TiO2 (0.207), SrO (0.125), P2O5

(0.0417).

N

98

p 98-101

Investigation on the possibility of obtaining of motor fuels

from bituminous sand by heat treatment

D. Jadamba, B. Ulzii, M. Tuya

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Science, 13330, Ulan-Bator,

Bayanzurkh-51, St.Enkhtaivana, IV. Email: jadamba_dash@yahoo.com

Keywords; bituminous sand, thermal treatment, synthetic fuels

Introduction

ave been obtained a oil like liquid

product with hydrocarbon type from

bituminous sand of Bayan-Erkhet

deposits by a heat treatment. Main

characteristics and chemical composition of

the bitumens isolated by extraction various

organic solvents from the bituminuos sand of

the Bayan-Erhet deposits are determined.

Show that they are similar composition and

properties there bitumen asphalt or natural

bitumens. The possibility of obtaining of

synthetic oil by heat treatment of bitumens is

estimated up to 600 оС in laboratory

conditions. Have been determined the

possibility of obtaining high-quality oil from

the liquid product from the thermal treated

bituminous sands of Bayan Erhet by using of

Nb-Zr-aluminosilicate catalyst type ZSM-5,

and by varying the temperature of the process.

On the basis of this treatment was obtained an

additional petroleum products, which are the

basic components of motor fuels..

Key words; bituminous sand, thermal

treatment, synthetic fuels

Experimental The object of the study were samples

of bituminous sands of the Bayan-Erkhet

deposits. Bituminous sands of Bayan-Erhket

deposit is located in the of Tuw aimag

Bayanjargalan village, 5 km from the river

Herlen, 40 km from the soum centre and 55

km from the Railway station. The Bayan-

Erkhet deposits consists of two oil bearing

layers area of 0.025 km2 with a thickness of

0.5-0.6 m and the lower – 0.4 km2 whit a

thickness of 0.1-15.2 m and has supplies

1913.6 thousand tons of estimated resources.

Results and discussion

Isolation of bitumen from tar sands, the

study of physical and chemical properties.

Results of bituminous sands extraction with

various solvents and hot water are shown in

Table-1

Table 1. The yields of the bitumens isolated by

extraction of various organic solution and hot water

from bituminous sand

Deposit

name

Yields of bitumen, mass. %

Choloro

form

Petrolein

ether

(40-70 0С)

Benzene

Ethanol

:

benzene

(1:1)

Hot

water

NaHCO3

7 %

solution

Bayan-

Erhket 14,75 11,27 0,18 0,15 7,46 9,23

The dates in Table 1 show that the

yields of organic matter extracted with

chloroform are 14.75 and 20.4 %. The

extraction of bitumen from tar sands, the best

is with choloroform, which was chosen that

more polar character than all other applied

solvents.

H

102

p 102-106

Physics-chemical study of hydration process of three calcium

aluminate phase and Metakaolin

Ts.Erdenebat, R.Sanjaasuren

Centre for Chemistry and Technology of New Materials,

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National University of Mongolia

Abstract: This research based on X-Ray Diffraction, SEM and chemical analyses were revealed

that decreasing of Ca(OH)2 phase content and increasing of C3AH6 and trisulfate aluminate

calcium-3 as the stable phases for the hydration period of first 30 to 60 minutes when comparing

K-crent doping to the phase to without any doping. Also results have been proposed in case of

doping metakaoline to draw structural analogies as formation of stable hydrated phases and the

decrease of new formed unstable crystalline metaphases in the early stage of 3CAO·Al2O3

hydration process.

Introduction

ricalcium aluminate (C3A), which

could compose up to 15% of the

Portland cement, reacts very quickly

with water to form calcium hydro

aluminates that induces the stiffening of

cement paste. To avoid this phenomenon,

calcium sulphate is usually added which

leads to the formation of calcium three

sulfoaluminate with a slow hydration [1-2].

In last 5-6 years research for obtaining of a

new crystallizing component such as crent

from kaoline, basalts and zeolites has been

successfully going on at the Centre for

Chemistry and Technology of New

Materials, National University of Mongolia.

Such research also have conducted in high

developed countries since ninety years. It

was established that cement compressive

strength increased by 100-250 kg/cm2

when

doped 5-10% of Crent to the cement weight

[3-6].

However, there were a lot of complicated

situation with crystal structure formationing

and crystal growth mechanisms during the

cement hydration processes [8-10, 16].

In recent years many researchers have

interested in the study of crystallizing a

substance which can serve as crystal nuclei

centre and accelerate their crystal growth

process [11-15].

Portland cement is a fine-dispersial system

consisting of multiple phases, therefore,

understanding its hydration process means

studying of its each phase hydration processes

[17].

Theoretical and practical consequences of this

work were considered the possibility to

decrease Ca(OH)2 phase formation and

increase C3AH6 and trisulfate aluminate

calcium as the stable phases of cement

hydrated compoundsby using the K-crent

doping. These stable phases’ formation would

increase of cement paste compressive strenght

by 100-250 kg/cm2

when doping this Crent to

the C3A as cement interphases.

Experimental

Making mineral additives

Kaolin from Khongor-Ovoo deposit of

Dornogovi province’s was employed in this

T

107

p 107-112

Alkaloids from cultivated plant of Peganum harmala L

S. Javzan

1, D. Selenge

1, Y. Jamyansan

1,

J. Nadmid2, Yu Ouynbileg

3

1. Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Techology, Mongolian

Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 51, Mongolia

2 Mongolian University of Science and Technology, School of Materials Technology

3Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences,Ulaanbaatar 51, Mongolia

Abstract: Alkaloids such as 1H-cyclopenta(b) quinoline, 2.3.5.6.7.8-hexahydro-9-amino-;

Vasicinone(1H-Pyrrоlo[2.1-b]quinazolin-9-one,3-hydroxy-2.3-dihydro) and harmine were isolated

from cultivated plant of P. harmala. Four unknown alkaloids were isolated from P. harmala for the

first time: 2.2.6.6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidone., Quinoline, 2.3.4-trimethyl-., Pyridine, 2-phenoxy-4-

amino- and 4-(3-Propynyloxy)- quinazoline. Their structures were determined by GC-MS.

Keywords: GC-MS, alkaloids, harmine, Peganum, Zygophyllaceae

Introduction he genus Peganum (Zygophyllaceae)

comprises 6 species, that are widely

distributed in Northern America,

Mediterranean regian, Russia and Mongolia.

There were found 3 species- Peganum

nigellastrum Bunge, Peganum harmala L and

Peganum multisectum Maxim in

Mongolia[1]. One of them- Peganum harmala

(P.harmala) is commonly found in the

Dzungarian Gobi, Transaltai Gobi,

Depression of Great lakes, Valley of Lakes,

Mongolian Altai and Gobi [2]. This plant has

been used as a Chinese traditional medicine

against a rheumatism, an abscess, an

inflammation and so on[3]. In traditional

Mongolian medicine it is used as antitussive

and antidote and it also eliminates yellow

liquorstasis[4]. At the same time, P. harmala

is well-known traditional herbal medicine in

China and Asian countries for the treatment

of a variety of human ailments[5] and skin

diseases[6]. Its seeds showed narcotic,

anthelmintic and antispasmodic effects and

have been employed in the cases of asthma

and rhematism treatments [7]. Many

components such as alkaloids, flavonoids,

stroides and amino acids have been isolated

from P. harmala [8-10]. The β-carboline type

alkaloids-harmine and harmaline were

discovered in P.harmala and are well known

as a central nervous system(CNS) stumlant

[11] and hypotensive substances,

antispasmolitic, antihistaminic, vasorelaxant,

antibacterial, sedative effects, cytotoxic,

antivirus activities and narcotic effect

(vasicinone) [12-13]. Thus, the alkaliod

fractions of three plants of the genus

Peganum showed anti-tumor activity.

Previously, alkaloids, (+-)-vasicinone, 6-

hydroxy-6.8.9.11-tetrahydro[2.1-

b]quinazolin-11-one, (+-)-vasicine, (+-)-

vasicinolone, deoxyvasicinone, 6.7.8.9-

tetrahydro-pyrido[2.1-b] quinozolin-11-one,

peganine, tetrahydroharmine, harmaline,

harmine, harmalol, harmol[14-15], dipegine,

dipeginol[16] and desoxypeganine[17] were

T

113

p 113-116

Phytochemical study on Berberis sibirica Pall.

A.Solongo

1, R. Istatkova

2, S. Philipov

2, S.Javzan

1, D.Selenge

1

1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 210351, Mongolia

2Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,

Acad. G. Bonchev bl.9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria solongoamgalan@yahoo.com

Abstract: From the aerial parts (700g) of berberis sibirica pall. 6 isoquinoline alkaloids of

protoberberine, protopine, benzophenantridine and proaporphine type were isolated. The known

alkaloids (-)-tetrahydropseudocoptisine, pseudoprotopine, (+)-chelidonine and (+)-glaziovine are

new for the family berberidaceae. from the aerial part ii (3.9 kg) 14 isoquinoline alkaloids of

aporphine, proaporphine, protoberberine, protopine, benzylisoquinoline, bisbenzylisoquinoline,

proaporphine-benzylisoquinoline and simple isoquinolin type were isolated and identified. The

aporphine alkaloid 1-o-methylisotebaidine and simple isoquinoline dehydrocorypalline have been

found for the first time in the family of berberidaceae. From the roots of b. sibirica 10 isoquinoline

alkaloids of protoberberine, benzylisoquinoline, bisbenzylisoquinoline, aporphine-

benzylisoquinoline and proaporphine-benzylisoquinoline type were isolated. 1,10-di-o-

methylpakistanine has been reported for the first time as a natural alkaloid. The known alkaloids (-)

-isothalidezine and (+)-armepavine have been found for the first time in the family berberidaceae.

all structures were determined by physical and spectral data.

Key words: berberis sibirica pall., 21 bisoquinoline alkaloids, 1,10-di-o-methylpakistanine

Introduction

erberidaceae is a large family of

flowering plants divided into 15

genera. The family contains about 570

species, of which the majority (about 450)

belongs to the biggest genus in this family -

Berberis

L. [1]. The Berberis

species have

been deeply investigated because of

biological active compounds, namely

isoquinoline alkaloids, containing inside [2,3

].

The genus Berberis

is represented by two

species in Mongolian flora. Berberis sibirica

Pall. is wide spread in Central and North

Mongolia -

Gobi and Altai regions. In the

traditional medicine the species is used as

antidote and antipyretic remedy, as well as for

rheumatism and excessive menstruation [4].

Experimental

Materials and methods. GENERAL. UV:

SESIL CE 8020, MeOH. IR: Bruker

IFS113V, KBr. MS: Hewlett Packard MSD

5973, 70 eV. 1H NMR,

13C NMR and 2D

experiments: Bruker DRX-250, in CDCl3,

with TMS as internal standard. Optical

rotation: Perkin-Elmer 241, MeOH. Vacuum

liquid chromatography (VLC): silica gel

(Merck, Kieselgel 60, 70-230 mesh). Column

chromatography (CC): neutra alumina

(Merck, Aluminiumoxid 90, act. II-III

Brockmann, 70-230 mesh). PTLC: Kieselgel

B

117

p 117-122

Recent and future of cement and concrete

industries- a root of our development

Ts.Erdenebat

1, J.Otgonlham

1, E.Oyunzul

1, R.Sanjaasuren

1

1Centre for Chemistry and Technology of New Materials,

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National University of Mongolia

Abstract: This paper considers that cement and concrete industry is contributing to our country

development positively, and cement and concrete industry also can be reduced environmental

pressure by;- Continuously reducing the CO2 emission from cement production by increased use of

biofuels and alternative raw materials as well as introducing modified low energy clinker types and

cement with reduced clinker content or geopolymer cement and a new type concrete.

- Exploiting the potential of waste bricks, cement and concrete recycling to decrease the

emission of CO2 .

- Exploiting the thermal mass of concrete to create energy optimized solutions for heating

and cooling residential and office buildings.

Keywords: climate change, CO2 emission, brick, block, cementitious materials, cement and

concrete, building and policymakers

Introduction

eading branches of industry at present

in Mongolia are:

- Coal mining for electric power

station,

- Ore dressing plant (copper,

molybdenum, fluorspar, gold etc.),

- Manufacture of building materials

(cement, concrete, brick, lime etc.),

- Manufacture of food products

- Manufacture of light industry

(clothing, cashmere, wool, leather and

other products).

Cement is an essential material in today’s

society because, it major constituent of

concrete which act, as a fundamental element

of any housing, commercial or infrastructure

development. But the cost to manufacture

cement is expected to increase from year to

year, because of increasing energy prize.

Therefore scientists are attempting to prepare

OPC and other binding materials at lower cost

by using agricultural and industrial wastes

during clinkerization and by making blended

cements.

The measures are changed to decrease the

cost of production, conserve mineral

resources and protect the environment by

beneficial disposal of wastes. So blended

cements are usually blends of Portland

cement clinker with other finely ground

materials (known as mineral admixtures) that

take part in the hydration reactions and

thereby make a substantial contribution to the

hydration products.

In last 10 years at the Centre for Chemistry

and Technology of New Materials, National

University of Mongolia, our researchers have

L

123

p 123-125

Fatty acid, Tocopherol and Sterol Composition in

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) of Mongolia

Otgonbayar.Ch1, B.Matthaus

2, P.Odonmajig

1

1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS

2Max Rubner-Institute, Detmold, Germany

Absract: The content and composition of lipids isolated from seed and pulp of sea buckthorn were

investigated. Fatty acids and sterols were analyzed by CGC while tocopherols were analyzed by

HPLC. 12.67% glyceride was found in the seed. The oil of sea buckthorn seed oil showed low

lewels of saturated fatty acids in comparison with the buckthorn pulp oil. Palmitic (7.13%), oleic

(15.85%), linoleic (36.9%) and linolenic acids (31.11%) predominated in the seed oil. Palmitic

(29.17%), palmitoleic (32.86%), oleic (4.92%), vaccenic (9.35%) and linoleic (16.08%) fatty acid

was dominating in the pulp oil. The primary tocopherol of sea buckthorn seed and pulp oil were α-

tocopherol and γ-tocopherol (46.54mg/100g, 59.02mg/100g). Seed oil contains more

(94.34mg/100g) total sterols than pulp (90.25mg/100g) oil.

Keywords: Hippophae rhamnoide, seed oil, pulp oil, fatty acids, tocopherols, sterols

Introduction

ippophae (sea buckthorn) is a

deciduous spiny shrub or small tree

between two to four meter high,

widely distributed throughout the temperate

zone of Asia and Europe. The fruit

characteristics, Asiatic geographical

distribution and cultural practices of sea

buckthorn are reviewed [1]. Sea buckthorn

(Hippophae rhamnoides) is one of the

important natural resources of the

mountainous regions of China and Russia.

The plant grows naturally in sandy soil at an

altitude of 1,200-4,500 meters (4,000-14,000

feet) in cold climates, though it can be

cultivated at lower altitudes and in temperate

zones. Recently it has been extensively

planted across much of northern China, and in

other countries, to prevent soil erosion and to

serve as an economic resource for food and

medicine products. Mongolia has invested in

planting sea buckthorn, in the 2000s. The oil

is obtained from the whole berries, pulp or

seeds. Seed or pulp oil is usually yellow in

color represented by the occurrence of large

amount of carotenoids [2, 3]. The literature

describing the role of Hippophae in

prevention and control of cancer is

inadequate, however certain analysis the

known experimental research information on

anticancer by Hippophae available at present

[4]. The oil of sea buckthorn has general

nourishing, revitalizing, and restorative

action. It can be used for treatment of acne,

dermatitis, irritated, dry itching skin, sore

skin, skin ulcers, burns, scalds, cuts and tissue

regeneration. Sea buckthorn oil effectively

combats wrinkles, dryness and other

symptoms of malnourished or prematurely

aging skin and is utilized in anti aging skin

creams and lotions (5,6). Sea buckthorn oil is

one of the most imperative products obtained

from the sea buckthorn seed and pulp is now

commercially very important.

H

126

p 126-130

The Quality and Safety of Imported Food: The Danger of Pesticides

Batgerel Dugar1

1The head of united laboratory of Borders specialized inspection department in Zamin-Uud;

E-mail: batgerel.dugar@yahoo.com

Abstract: The analysis of pesticide residue in imported food by thin layer chromatography is

reported in this work. The pesticide residue was found in 34 samples of 11 kinds fresh harvested

vegetables during fall of 2011.

Keywords: pesticides, pesticide residue, thin layer chromatography

Introduction

ne of primary concerns of national

security is the quality of food

products. Especially in Mongolia,

over 70% of imported food products

supplying to whole country are transported

through the border at Zamiin-Uud (from a

report of food products which were

transported through the Zamiin-Uud border:

Specialized Inspection Station during 2008-

2009).

Due to the current economic crisis and lack

of goods produced in Mongolia, the

Mongolian Government has collected taxes

from both individuals and merchant groups

participating in international trade for

completing state budget. However, the quality

and safety of imported products is left outside

the control.

Generally, most of the Mongolia people do

not have the ability to examine safe and

unsafe food products. Only the apparent

quantity and price of goods are taken into

consideration. Moreover, the inspection

control of the Mongolian Border Control has

weakened over the past 20 years. To these

reasons, Mongolians are unexpected

consuming either contaminated or expired

food. New research, recently released by the

Health Ministry, shows that the Mongolians

are suffering from unknown illnesses and the

average age of the young patient is getting

lower.

Since the Mongolia’s economic situation

has been improving, the government declared

the 2008 as “The Year of Food Security”

while two billion tugrugs has been donated to

the Zamiin-Uud Border Specialized

Inspection Station. Recently, the government

has announced its plan to “Bringing virgin

land under cultivation” and has given support

to farmers who plant potatoes, vegetables and

wheat. Measures have also been taken to

improve laboratories efficiency and

procedures of the State Specialized Inspection

Department and Border Specialized

Inspection Stations. So far, the influence of

imported food quality has positively revealed.

However, there are still many problems

related to food delivered to Mongolia as

follow:

a. Imported foods do not meet national

health standard.

b. Mongolia must reach global

development standards for food

quality and safety.

O

131

p 131-135

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Study on Cation

adsorption on Viscose Rayon Succinate

Khasbaatar Dashkhuu1 and Ung Su Choi

2

1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences,

Peace avenue 13330, Ulaanbaatar 210351, Mongolia. 2Energy Mechanics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk gu,

Hawolgok dong 39-1,Seoul, Korea.

Abstract: Ion-exchange materials have been considered as suitable material for the recovery of

heavy metals in water. A viscose rayon succinate, synthesized from viscose rayon and succinic

anhydride in presence of DMSO, to remove trace bivalent metal ions such as Ag+

, Cu2+

, Ni2+

, Pb2+

,

Zn2+

and Cr3+

, was studied using FT-IR for the behavior of metal adsorption. Both esterification and

carboxyl bonding of viscose rayon succinate were assigned essentially at 1729 and 1693cm-1

,

respectively. And the essential band of bonding between metal and the material was determined at

1625cm-1

. The available adsorption capacity of this fiber was 6.2mequiv/g. The adsorption of metal

ions on the viscose rayon succinate follows the order of Cu2+

>Cr3+

>Ni2+

>Pb2+

>Zn2+

>Ag+ with

maximum adsorptions capacities 4.2, 1.42, 0.91, 0.83, 0.69 and 0.35 mmol/g, respectively.

Keywords: chelating fiber, cellulose, viscose rayon, metal adsorption, carboxyl group, FT-IR, pH selectivity

Introduction

s the high rate of industrial

development in the world,

contaminants of heavy metals in

wastewater originated from industries are

increasing as that influence to the balance of

our environment as well as human life. Some

cancers and serious diseases may be caused

from these metals [1-3]. There are lots of

methods including chemical precipitation [4],

electrolytic methods [5], and adsorption onto

activated carbon [6], membrane process [7],

and chelating polymer [8] to reduce the heavy

metals in wastewater.

More recently, researches have been

undertaken to extend to the design of

polymeric based ion-exchange fibers for the

removal of heavy metals. Several of designs

and applications of chelating fibers have

received increased attraction and been

investigated [8-10]. In particular, scientists

have intensified many efforts to modify fibers

in such a way that inherent fiber properties

are preserved [11]. Whereas, most chelating

polymers are composed of petroleum-based

synthetic polymers [12-14]. Furthermore, the

used synthetic chelating polymers often

produce on secondary environmental

pollution by contaminating the soil or air. In

addition, these are usually nonrenewable and

nondegradable [14].

Viscose rayon is regenerated from cellulose

which has renewability [15] and

biodegradability [16] and there is more

cellulose on earth than any other organic

substance [17]. Cellulose itself has a very

low ion exchange capacity [18, 19]. The ion-

exchange properties of cellulose are similar to

other ion exchange resins, but cellulose ion

exchangers are more finely divided than

A

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