Moisture & Mold Diagnostics and Mitigationncenergystar.org/sites/ncenergystar.org/files/fConlin.pdfMoisture & Mold Diagnostics and Mitigation ... “When Fresno homeowners Matt and

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Moisture & Mold Moisture & Mold Diagnostics and MitigationDiagnostics and Mitigation

Produced in cooperation with:

NC Energy Star ConferenceDecember 6, 2006

Raleigh, NC

Francis Conlin

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Something Smells Funny

Was it you?

Grow Up!Will You?

YInvestigate

Is problem visible?

N

N

Claim you smell nothingN

Are there Kids/Pets?Y

Y

Blame Them

Bugs

Y

Call Bug Zappers

Y

Has it rained this year?

Y

Paint with Kils

Y

They sure don’t grow lumber like they used to!

1) Send Invoice2) Tell building owner it will take a year to clear up3) Relocate business in 10 months4) Problem Solved!

Do you see:

Rot Mold WarpingN N N N

Claim you see nothing

Blame global warming

Y N

Crap!

Do you own the building?

Y

NCall a Contractor

Y

NWhoopee! “Ca- Ching $$$”

Building Moisture Problem Solving Flowchart

You poor sap

Contractor:Is this a return

visit?

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Francis Conlin

25 year experience working in building performance

Diagnose building problems in the field

Conduct building science research

Authored several guidebooks

Consultant for Commercial and Residential construction industries regarding building performance issues

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Moisture & Mold Diagnostics and MitigationMoisture & Mold Diagnostics and Mitigation

•• Why should the EWhy should the E-- Star community careStar community care•• Mold basicsMold basics•• Building Science of Moisture MovementBuilding Science of Moisture Movement•• Mold Diagnostics Mold Diagnostics •• Mold TestingMold Testing•• Mold Remediation Mold Remediation •• Clearance SamplingClearance Sampling

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Why Should the Energy Star Community Care about Mold?

“When Fresno homeowners Matt and Lisa Nutting and their family were battling asthma, respiratory problems, mold problemsand high energy bills they called local contractor Gary Richardson in nearby Clovis. Richardson was trained to diagnose and fix homes using the “house as a system” approach and is an contractor offering ENERGY STAR services….”

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You are the Building Performance Experts

“The professionals of Home Performance with ENERGY STAR have the training to identify the cause of problems or potential problems in your home and provide you with solutions.”

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Mold Lawsuits Escalating:

MOLD in Buildings

“Creates New Frontier in Construction Defect Litigation, & Definition of Pollution”

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Mold Lawyers

1,820,000

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Mold Lawyers

1,850,000 Mold & Lawyer found in 0.20 seconds

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Mold Litigation ConferenceJune 16-17, 2005The Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Marina del Rey, CA

CONFERENCE AGENDA Learn about the top cases from different jurisdictions. Discussthe impact of recent mold cases – claims & defenses, verdicts, settlements and the impact on claims across the nation

Materials Covered• State of the law on subsequent remedial measures• State of the law on spoliation of evidence• “After the fact” Operations & Management (O&M) plans• What experts do you really need and how do you protect them • Analysis of recent hearings relating to personal injury &

property damage • How to document mold exposure, testing and remediation• Contrast & compare – the prosecution of property damage vs.

personal injury • Identifying the proper parties to the litigation• The most effective claims by plaintiffs• The most effective defenses

Strategies in Mold Litigation – Break-Out SessionsModerators will lead discussions focusing on the hot-button issues in mold litigation faced in your day-to-day practice

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Old Problem – New Issues

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Reported Mold Effects•• Allergic reactionsAllergic reactions: allergies and asthma trigger: allergies and asthma trigger

•• IrritantIrritant: eye, skin, respiratory tract: eye, skin, respiratory tract

•• Respiratory Respiratory diseasedisease in workers with high mold in workers with high mold exposure: Farmers Lung disease exposure: Farmers Lung disease

•• InfectionsInfections mainly in people with compromised mainly in people with compromised healthhealth

•• Fungus associated with bat, bird droppings causes Fungus associated with bat, bird droppings causes histoplasmosishistoplasmosis

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Reported Mycotoxin Effects•• Respiratory problems, Nasal and sinus congestion Respiratory problems, Nasal and sinus congestion •• EyesEyes--burning, reddened, blurry vision burning, reddened, blurry vision •• Dry, hacking cough, sore throat Dry, hacking cough, sore throat •• Nose and throat irritation Nose and throat irritation •• Shortness of breath and lung disease Shortness of breath and lung disease •• Chronic fatigue Chronic fatigue •• Skin irritation Skin irritation •• Central nervous system problems Central nervous system problems •• Aches and fever, headaches, diarrhea, etc. Aches and fever, headaches, diarrhea, etc.

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Mold & HealthMold and damp conditions in homes are linked to asthma symptoms, to coughing, wheezing, and upper respiratory tract symptoms in healthy people

However, the available evidence does not support an association between indoor dampness or mold and the wide range of other health complaints that have been ascribed to them.

Institute of Medicine authors clearly state that there are no such things as toxic mold

Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, 2004

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Media ResponseMedia Response•• Time MagazineTime Magazine•• Wall St. JournalWall St. Journal•• Reader's DigestReader's Digest•• People MagazinePeople Magazine•• 48 Hours48 Hours

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How Mold Grows

Source ASHRAE Lew Harriamn

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Conditions for Mold Growth•• Food: Organic materials Food: Organic materials

-- Cellulose building materials (wood, paper faced Cellulose building materials (wood, paper faced sheetrock)sheetrock)

•• Temperature: Temperature:

-- Best conditions between 60 to 125 degrees FBest conditions between 60 to 125 degrees F

•• Excess moisture: Primary factorExcess moisture: Primary factor

-- Water: flooding, roof and plumbing leaks Water: flooding, roof and plumbing leaks

-- Water vapor: Mold grows above 70% RHWater vapor: Mold grows above 70% RH

•• Time. Mold colonies will form in 48 hoursTime. Mold colonies will form in 48 hours

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Conditions for Mold Growth•• Food: Organic materials Food: Organic materials

-- Cellulose building materials (wood, paper faced Cellulose building materials (wood, paper faced sheetrock)sheetrock)

•• Temperature: Temperature:

-- Best conditions between 60 to 125 degrees FBest conditions between 60 to 125 degrees F

•• Excess moisture: Primary factorExcess moisture: Primary factor

-- Water: flooding, roof and plumbing leaks Water: flooding, roof and plumbing leaks

-- Water vapor: Mold grows above 70% RHWater vapor: Mold grows above 70% RH

•• Time. Mold colonies will form in 48 hoursTime. Mold colonies will form in 48 hours

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Building Mold Locations•• Crawl spaces and basementsCrawl spaces and basements•• AtticsAttics•• Inside damp/wet walls and on sidingInside damp/wet walls and on siding•• Carpets on concrete slabsCarpets on concrete slabs•• WindowsWindows•• BathroomsBathrooms•• Behind vinyl wall coveringsBehind vinyl wall coverings•• DuctworkDuctwork

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Building Science

The study of how buildings interact within their ‘natural’ environment…

Building Science includes: Heat and moisture transfer, heating and cooling equipment, ventilation, the immediate climate and homeowner behavior.

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First Law of Building Science

•• Everything in a building participates as Everything in a building participates as one systemone system-- You can never do just one thingYou can never do just one thing-- Actions in one spot or system may show up as Actions in one spot or system may show up as

symptoms far removed and seemingly unrelatedsymptoms far removed and seemingly unrelated

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Second Law of Building Science

•• Things want to go from high to lowThings want to go from high to low-- Heat moves from high temperature to lowHeat moves from high temperature to low-- Air moves from high pressure to lowAir moves from high pressure to low-- Water vapor moves from high pressure to lowWater vapor moves from high pressure to low-- Gravity moves matter from high elevation to Gravity moves matter from high elevation to

lowlow

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Third Law of Building Science

•• But they donBut they don’’t alwayst always……-- You can force things to go in the opposite You can force things to go in the opposite

direction from where it wants to godirection from where it wants to go-- This can be on purpose or ACCIDENTALLYThis can be on purpose or ACCIDENTALLY

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Moisture problems often have more than one source, several modes of transport and accumulation sites.

Multiple construction shortcomings increase likelihood of moisture problems - exponentially.

People do stupid things: by using Bad Science (BS) instead of Building Science.

Complex construction = complex moisture dynamics.

The best moisture protection is redundant protection.

Experience tells us . . .

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Understanding Moisture Dynamics

• Accumulation Site Characteristics

• Transport Mechanisms• Bulk Moisture Movement• Capillary Action• Air Transported• Vapor Diffusion• Equipment Condensate

•Source(s) of Excess Moisture

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Moisture Accumulation

Accumulation:

•More moisture is coming in than can possibly go out

•The level of moisture rises until it becomes a problem

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Accumulated Moisture Storage

(To a limit…)

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Sources of Moisture

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Moisture Transport

Moisture moves by:

•Gravity: (liquid)

•Capillary action

•Carried in by air

•Diffusion (vapor)

•Equipment condensate

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Liquid Flow of Water

•• Responsible for most problemsResponsible for most problems-- FloodsFloods-- Roof LeaksRoof Leaks-- Plumbing leaks and spillsPlumbing leaks and spills-- Driving rain and rain splashDriving rain and rain splash

•• Most problems easy to recognizeMost problems easy to recognize

Do not neglect or delay fixing theseDo not neglect or delay fixing these! !

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Capillary Action

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Capillary Action

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Air Transported Moisture

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Air Movement Driving Forces

Wind Stack Effect

Wind

Exhaust fans

Clothes drier

Stack effect(Gravity)

Air handler

Return leaks

Supply leaks

Closed doors

-Fans and Blowers

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Driving forces:

Closed doors

Driving Forces and Pressure

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Driving forces:

Closed doors


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Driving forces:

Closed doors


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Driving forces:

Closed doors

+


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Source: Builder’s Guide Cold Climates

Air Transported Moisture vs. Diffusion

Vapor diffusion is less important than air pressure in moving

moisture

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Relative Humidity & CondensationAs the temperature of air lowers, it is able to hold less water

If a material is colder than the dew point of the air, moisture will condense

This critical temperature is called its dew point

50% RH

95 F

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75% RH

Relative HumidityAs the temperature of air lowers, it is able to hold less water



80 F

45

100% RH




65 F

46

100% RH




65 F

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Relative Humidity and Wood Moisture Content

Relative Humidity of

Air %

Wood Moisture

Content %40 950 1160 1370 1580 1890 23100 35

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How to Investigate Mold

•• Use your eyes and noseUse your eyes and nose•• Inspect all areas: Inspect all areas:

-- Crawl space, attic, equipment chases, and Crawl space, attic, equipment chases, and suspect hidden areassuspect hidden areas

•• Interview the occupantsInterview the occupants•• Know the principles of moisture movement, Know the principles of moisture movement,

condensation & storage condensation & storage •• Utilize qualified specialists for difficult Utilize qualified specialists for difficult

problems problems

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Diagnostic ToolsDiagnostic Tools•• Moisture metersMoisture meters

•• HygrometerHygrometer

•• Blower Door and Duct BlasterBlower Door and Duct Blaster

•• BoroscopeBoroscope

•• Digital pressure meterDigital pressure meter

•• Smoke bottleSmoke bottle

•• Data loggersData loggers

•• Infrared cameraInfrared camera

•• Digital CameraDigital Camera

•• Appropriate PPEAppropriate PPE

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Case Study 1

Mold on Ceilings

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Ceiling Stains

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Isolated(One or more)

LinearRound

In a line

Adjacent to a wall or peak

Concentric saturation

lines

Identify stain

boundary

Air brush pattern

Random

Common Ceiling Stain Patterns

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Ceiling Stains

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Ceiling Stains

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Ceiling Stains

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Ceiling Stains

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Ceiling Stains

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Ceiling Stains

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Ceiling SpotsInsulated walls, but left vents open

No insulation/Vapor retarder on floor or ducts

Plastic under the gravel

Sump pump at top of gravel

Perimeter drain

Although excess moisture entered attic all year, only when it condensed on the snow covered roofs and dripped back down was the problem realized

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Building Science:As warm air rises out of the attic, it must be replaced by other air,

Air takes the path of least resistance (comes either from CS or Soffit vents)

Moist air will condense on cold surfaces (nails)

Gravity causes it to drip down – sufficient volume will develop into water stains on ceiling

B S:A fan in the crawlspace will fix this problem

More vents in the attic will fix the problem

A attic fan will fix this problem

If we do enough things & spend enough money the crawlspace and attic will be dry

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Case Study 2

Mold on Walls

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Wall Stains

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Wall Stains

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Wall Stains

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Upstairs supply duct location and location of floral activity in down stairs dining room

Wall Stains

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Hole from crawlspace into wall cavity

Mold seen from inside the downstairs dining room.An oval shaped duct is located in this 6” wall cavity to supply the upstairs.Duct access to the wall in the crawlspace is not sealed, putting wet crawlspace air in communication with the wall cavity.

Wall Stains

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Damp crawlspace near site –Note high water mark.

Wall Stains

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Damp crawlspace near wall stain

Mold seen from inside the downstairs dining room.An oval shaped duct is located in this 6” wall cavity to supply the upstairs.Duct access to the wall in the crawlspace is not sealed, putting wet crawlspace air in communication with the wall cavity.Crawl space is very wet.

Wall Stains

Hole from crawlspace into wall cavity

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Wall Stains

We still haven’t found the ultimate source of moisture

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Building Science:Water vapor goes from high to low pressure – It will move into the wall cavity from the crawlspace

Water will condense on cold ducts inside the walls and collect on the wallboard

Mold will grow on damp gypsum board.

The CS is not the source of moisture its just another accumulation site.

B S:A fan in the crawlspace will fix this problem

More vents in the crawlspace will fix the problem.

It just needs a ground vapor barrier

Seal the hole – problem fixed!

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Case Study 3

Mold on Floors

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Mold Stain on Vinyl Floor - 2

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Mold Stain on Vinyl Floor

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Mold Stain on Vinyl Floor - 272°F

Dewpoint = 75°F

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Building Science:

Cooled air from the home cause the floor to be cool.

Moisture from crawlspace enters floor cavity and condenses under cold vinyl.

Insulation needs to be aligned with the air and vapor barriers.

B S:

We don’t really need a vapor barrier under the home.

A small opening in the insulation doesn’t matter much. - Insulation doesn’t have to be “100%”

Vapor barriers are bad in the South aren’t they?

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Case Study 4

Mold and Bathrooms (closets, etc.)

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Bathrooms

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Bathrooms

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Bathrooms

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Hole in ceiling - Light from bathroom below

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Bathrooms

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Building Science:

Water vapor can be pulled out of the humid attic with low pressures even from reverse stack.

Hot, humid air will float on the top of the room. Concen-trated in a small area.

Bathrooms are overcooled, anyway and the toe kick often doesn’t mix the air in the ceiling area.

Holes in the ceiling are risky

B S:People will use a noisy bath fan.

People will open bathroom windows to ventilate moisture.

A little extra supply air isn’t going to cause problems.

A few exposed bays in the attic won’t hurt anything.

Factory fan, UL listed has to work right, Right?

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Should You Test?Should You Test?

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Be Sure Sampling Provides a BenefitAll molds are undesirable - speciation doesn’t effect cleanup response or protocol.

Homeowners may insist, or have already sampled, often with questionable techniques.

There may be legal reasons to sample or not to sample

If there are health issues, hidden mold may be uncovered

May prove that a suspected stain is not mold

If it looks like mold, smells like mold, don’t sample - clean it!

Sampling is often conducted as a clearance criteria

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Mold Testing is Expensive

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Don’t over sample

Do we need to sample this?

Do we need 24 samples?

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Types of Sampling

• Culturable vs. non-culturable samples

• Bulk and surface sampling

• Air sampling

• Homeowner kits

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Comparison of Total Outside Mold Counts -and Master Bedroom

Mold levels indoors is an average of the mold levels from outdoor sources – some from air in the yard, some from air in the crawlspace 2,716 Master Bd Apr

400 Master Bd Sep

3,201 Outside Apr

29,933 Crawlspace Apr

5,000 Crawlspace Sep

4,780 Outside Sep

Area represents 500 Spores/m3

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Comparison of Outside Mold Counts - and Master Bedroom Penicillium/Aspergillus(Pen/Asp)

Mold levels indoors is an average of the mold levels from outdoor sources – some from air in the yard, some from air in the crawlspace


640 Crawlspace Sep

483 Master BdApr

20 Master Bd Sep

27 Outside Sep

367 Outside Apr

16,200 Crawlspace Apr

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Deck Oct -17,469

Playground Oct -107,730

Crawlspace Oct -46,029

Crawlspace Apr -29,933

Crawlspace Sep -5,000

Driveway Sep -4,780

Outside Apr -3,201

Comparison of Total Outside Mold Counts –

Mold levels outside vary with the season, windspeed, time of day and collection location. Following are each of the reported outside mold levels cited in this case.


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Table 1. Comparison of air sampling results & recommendations

Investigator Qualifications

Certified Mold Remediator PE

Certified Industrial Hygienist Certified Indoor Environmentalist

Certified Industrial Hygienist Certified Safety Professional

Sample date October 3, 2006 September 8, 2006 April 5, 2006 Mold observations No visible mold No visible mold Visible in CS

Moisture observations Moisture at door HVAC accumulation

Moisture at door

None

Sample results Spores cfu/m3 Spores cfu/m3 Spores cfu/m3 Total Pen/Asp Total Pen/Asp Total Pen/Asp Outdoor 17,469 81 4,780 27 3,201 367 Crawlspace 46,029 5,360 5,000 640 29,933 16,200 Master Bed 400 20 2,716 483

Conclusion No mold sources are present within the home

No amplification of airborne fungi

Significant microbial contamination from the CS

Recommendations

Dry the crawlspace and seal bottom plastic. Conduct follow up testing

Remediation not indicated.

Significant remediation specified ($111,000)

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Mold Professional CertificationsIAQA Certified Indoor Environmentalist Consultant IAQA Certified Indoor Environmentalist Consultant --

(CIEC) (CIEC) IAQA Certified Indoor Environmentalist IAQA Certified Indoor Environmentalist -- (CIE) (CIE) IAQA Certified Indoor Environmentalist Associate IAQA Certified Indoor Environmentalist Associate --

(CIEA) (CIEA) IAQA Certified Microbial IAQA Certified Microbial RemediatiorRemediatior -- (CMR)(CMR)IAQA Certified Microbial Consultant IAQA Certified Microbial Consultant -- CMCCMCIAQA Certified Microbial Investigator IAQA Certified Microbial Investigator -- CMICMIIAQA Certified Residential Mold Inspector IAQA Certified Residential Mold Inspector -- CRMICRMIIAQA Certified Residential Mold Inspector Associate IAQA Certified Residential Mold Inspector Associate --

CMIACMIACertified Industrial Hygienist Certified Industrial Hygienist –– CIHCIHCertified Associate Industrial Hygienist Certified Associate Industrial Hygienist -- CAIHCAIHCertified Safety Professional Certified Safety Professional -- CSPCSPCertified Mold Inspectors Certified Mold Inspectors -- CMICMICertified Mold Certified Mold RemediatorsRemediators/Contractors /Contractors -- CMRCCMRCCertified Toxic Mold Exterminator Certified Toxic Mold Exterminator -- CTMECTMECertified Environmental Hygienist Certified Environmental Hygienist -- CEHCEHCertified Waterproofing Pro Certified Waterproofing Pro -- CWPCWPCertified Water Leak Locator Certified Water Leak Locator -- CWLLCWLL

Certified Mold Inspector Certified Mold Inspector -- (CMI)(CMI)Certified Mold Remediation Contractor Certified Mold Remediation Contractor -- (CMRC)(CMRC)Certified Mold Professional Program Certified Mold Professional Program -- (CMP)(CMP)Certified Restorer Program Certified Restorer Program -- (CRP)(CRP)NAMP Certified Mold Professional NAMP Certified Mold Professional -- CMPCMPNORMINORMI™™ Certified IAQ/Mold Inspector Certified IAQ/Mold Inspector -- CMICMINORMINORMI™™ Certified Mold Assessor Certified Mold Assessor -- CMACMANORMINORMI™™ Certified Mold Certified Mold RemediatorRemediator -- CMRCMRNORMINORMI™™ Certified Environmental Evaluator Certified Environmental Evaluator -- CEECEENORMINORMI™™ Certified Indoor Environmental Advisor Certified Indoor Environmental Advisor --

CIEACIEANORMINORMI™™ Certified Biocide Applicator Certified Biocide Applicator -- CBACBAMold Worker Certification Mold Worker Certification –– MWCMWCPro Lab Mold Certification Classes Pro Lab Mold Certification Classes ––PLMCPLMCMold Inspection Certified Professional Mold Inspection Certified Professional -- (MICP)(MICP)The Indoor Environmental Certified Consultant The Indoor Environmental Certified Consultant --

(IECC)(IECC)Indoor Environmental Master Consultant Indoor Environmental Master Consultant -- (IEMC)(IEMC)Certified Mold Detection Dog Certified Mold Detection Dog –– (CMDD)(CMDD)

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EPA Remediation Flow Chart

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Remediation Simplified•• Respond PromptlyRespond Promptly•• Protect the occupants, Keep them informedProtect the occupants, Keep them informed•• Protect the workers Protect the workers –– use PPEuse PPE•• Fix the moisture problemFix the moisture problem•• Dry out excess moistureDry out excess moisture•• Clean up all the moldClean up all the mold

-- Be aware of potential hidden moldBe aware of potential hidden mold•• Supervise contractorsSupervise contractors

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Grandma’s Cleanup Guidelines

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Remediation Cleanup Guidelines

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EPA Cleanup Guidelines

Three clean up categoriesThree clean up categories

-- Small Small –– Less than 10 ftLess than 10 ft22

-- Medium Medium –– 10 to 100 ft10 to 100 ft22

-- Large Large –– Greater than 100 ftGreater than 100 ft22

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EPA Cleanup Methods

1.1. Wet vacuum (Steam clean carpets & Wet vacuum (Steam clean carpets & upholstered furniture)upholstered furniture)

2.2. Damp wipe surfaces with plain or soapy Damp wipe surfaces with plain or soapy waterwater

3.3. HEPA vacuum after materials dried HEPA vacuum after materials dried

4.4. Remove water damaged materials Remove water damaged materials

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Material or Furnishing Affected

Cleanup Methods† Personal Protective Equipment

Containment

Books and papers 3 Minimum

Carpet and backing 1, 3

Concrete or cinder block 1, 3

Hard surface, porous flooring (linoleum, ceramic tile, vinyl)

1, 2, 3 None required

Non-porous, hard surfaces (plastics, metals)

1, 2, 3

Upholstered furniture & drapes

1, 3

Wallboard (drywall and gypsum board)

3

Wood surfaces 1, 2, 3

Total Surface Area Affected Less Than 10 square feet (ft2)

N-95 respirator, gloves, and goggles

Guidelines for Remediating Building Materials with Mold Growth Caused by Clean Water*

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Containment

Books and papers 3 Limited or Full Limited

Carpet and backing 1, 3, 4



1, 2, 3


1, 2, 3


1, 3, 4


3, 4

Wood surfaces 1, 2, 3

Total Surface Area Affected Between 10 and 100 (ft2)

Use professional judgment, consider potential for

remediator exposure and size of contaminated area

Use professional judgment, consider potential for remediator/occupant exposure and size of contaminated area


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Containment

Books and papers 3 Full Full

Carpet and backing 1, 3, 4



1, 2, 3, 4


1, 2, 3


1, 3, 4


3, 4

Wood surfaces 1, 2, 3, 4

Total Surface Area Affected Greater Than 100 (ft2)or Significant Potential for Increased Occupant or Remediator Exposure During Remediation

Use professional judgment, consider potential for

remediator exposure and size of contaminated area

Use professional judgment, consider potential for remediator/occupant exposure and size of contaminated area

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Have we found all of the water sources?

Remediation Simplified

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What level remediation is needed?


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Will surface Will surface cleaning fix cleaning fix this problem? this problem?


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If walls get and stay If walls get and stay wet, repair often wet, repair often requires that: requires that:

•• First 4 ft of sheetrock First 4 ft of sheetrock and insulation be and insulation be replaced. replaced.

•• Exposed wood framing Exposed wood framing is dried and cleaned.is dried and cleaned.


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EPA Containment Levels1. 1. NoneNone::2. 2. Limited:Limited: Seal off area with floorSeal off area with floor--toto--ceiling ceiling

polyethylene.polyethylene.-- Maintain negative pressure with HEPA filterMaintain negative pressure with HEPA filter

3. 3. Full:Full: Level 2 plus double layer of fireLevel 2 plus double layer of fire--retardant poly with air lock entryretardant poly with air lock entry-- Exhaust HEPA filtered air outside Exhaust HEPA filtered air outside

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Remediation Simplified: Containment

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Biocide Use

•• EPA generally does not recommend use of EPA generally does not recommend use of biocides (e.g.bleach) to kill moldbiocides (e.g.bleach) to kill mold

•• Cleaning is needed to remove existing mold. Dead Cleaning is needed to remove existing mold. Dead mold remains a health issue.mold remains a health issue.

•• Ventilate space if biocides usedVentilate space if biocides used

•• Do not use inside air ductsDo not use inside air ducts

•• Do not use outdoor designed fungicides insideDo not use outdoor designed fungicides inside

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Clearance Criteria •• Completely fixed the moisture problem. Completely fixed the moisture problem. •• You should complete mold removal. Visible mold, You should complete mold removal. Visible mold,

and moldy odors should not be present.and moldy odors should not be present.•• Is an Is an EncapsulantEncapsulant part of the strategy?part of the strategy?•• Types of mold in the building should be similar Types of mold in the building should be similar

and Concentrations less compared to those found and Concentrations less compared to those found outside.outside.

•• Revisit the site Revisit the site -- it should show no signs of water it should show no signs of water damage or mold growth. damage or mold growth.

•• People should be without health complaints or People should be without health complaints or physical symptoms. physical symptoms.

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Bathrooms

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Mold Stain on Vinyl Floor

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Wall Stains

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Multiple Problems

May be too costly to repair

Documents

Moisture & Mold Diagnostics and Mitigationncenergystar.org/sites/ncenergystar.org/files/fConlin.pdfMoisture & Mold Diagnostics and Mitigation ... “When Fresno homeowners Matt and