Sustainable Urban Mobility and Public Transport – Singapore’s Experience

Urban Mobility India 2010

New Delhi

3rd December 2010

Mohinder Singh Dean, LTA Academy

Outline of Presentation

Land Transport PoliciesLand Use – Transport Integration Planning of Public Transport NetworkRegulation of Public Transport

5.1 million people

Singapore

710 sq km

Land Transport

• Road Network - 3,356 km- Expressway Network- 161 km

• Vehicle Population - 940,120• Car Population - 579,517

• MRT - 130 km• LRT - 29 km• Buses - 4,035 (344 routes) • Taxis - 25,537

Travel StatisticsDaily Bus trips : 3.1 million

Daily MRT/LRT trips : 1.9 million

Daily Taxi trips : 0.9 million

Total PT Trips : 5.9 million

Note: Average daily trips for the respective modes in 2010

Smooth-Flowing Roads

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Singapore Hong Kong London New York Tokyo

Ave

rage

Spe

ed (K

ph)

Average Traffic Speed in CBD (AM peak)

Singapore’s PT fares amongst the lowest in the developed world

Average MRT & Bus Fares (S$/Trip)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Spore Hong Kong London New York Tokyo

S$/

Trip

07-MRT07-Bus

Efficiency and Affordability

0

8

16

24

32

40

48

56

64

Singapore Hong Kong London New York Tokyo

PT jo

urne

y tim

e (m

inut

es)

Average PT journey time

(all day)

Sustainable Sustainable TransportTransportStrategies Strategies

IntegrateTransport –

Land UsePlanning

Develop Public Transport

Manage Private Transport Demand

Optimise Road

Capacity

Transport Policies

Managing Private Transport Demand

• Raising the costs of Vehicle Ownership

• Charging for Road Usage

UsageRestraint

OwnershipControl

Not Economically nor environmentally sustainable to keep

building roads to meet the ever increasing demand for road space!

Usage Restraint

Ownership Control

Demand Management

Ownership Measures:Vehicle Quota SystemOther Ownership Costs

Additional Registration FeeExcise DutyRoad Tax

Usage Measures:Road Pricing

Area Licensing Scheme (ALS)

Restricted Zone

RT

Ang Mo Kio

CBD

Bukit Timah

RT

Ang Mo Kio

CBD

Bukit Timah

Implemented in 1975Reduced traffic entering the Restricted Zone (RZ)

65 kph45 kph

IncreaseERP rate

DecreaseERP rate

Expressways

30 kph20 kph

Increase ERP rate

DecreaseERP rate

Arterial Roads

ERP is a congestion management toolPay-as-you-use principle Review speed range at 3-month interval, adjust ERP rates

Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)

Integrate Transport and Land Use

Concept PlanTransportation Plan

Integrated Planning - SCP Concept Plan 1972

Blueprint to guide physical developmentDevelopments in ring pattern around Central Catchment

Road and rail network connects developments around the island

Integrated Planning

1972

Concept Plan1991

Long Term Landuse and Transportation Plans

Integration of Transport with Housing

Town planning integrated with transport planning

Sengkang and Punggol Towns

Sengkang Station

Sengkang LRT

Punggol Town

Sengkang Town

Punggol Station Punggol LRT

Residential

Commercial

LRT

City Planning inMarina Bay area

InternationalPassengerTerminal

MarinaBarrage

SingaporeFlyer

Business & Financial Centre

Golf Course

Sands Integrated Resort

Singapore Botanic

Gardens 2

DTE

Marina Coastal Expressway

CCL

Marina Bay bridge

Promenade station

Possibility of trams

Esplanade

Bayfront

Landmark

Cross Street

Rapid Transit Network Today

Woodlands Extension

North-East Line

Sengkang LRT

Bukit PanjangLRT

Changi Airport Extension

East West Line

North South Line

Total Length - 159 km

Circle Line 1 to 3Boon Lay Extn

RTS Network & Ridership

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

1986 1990 1996 1999 2001 2003 2007 2009 20100.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

2.25

Rid

ersh

ip (M

illio

ns)

RTS Ridership RTS Stations (as-built) RTS Length (km)

RTS

Len

gth

& Nu

mbe

r of S

tatio

ns

Expanding RTS NetworkExisting

East

North

West

North-East

In progress

NEL

Central Region

Downtown Line

Thomson Line

Eastern Region LineTuas Extension

Circle Line

By 2020

NSL

EWL

278 kmLength

2020 RTS NetworkNorth South

Line Extension

9

Expansion of Rail NetworkBy 2020

• RTS network will grow from 159 km today to 278 km

• RTS density will increase from 31 km per million persons today to 51 km per million persons

• Short 5-minute walk (400 m) to an MRT station in the city

• Comparable to cities like New York, London

The Role of BusesHDB Towns Transport Hub City

Town A

Town B

Town C

• Feeder to/from MRT• Long-haul journeys in corridors not yet well served by MRT

• Serve local needs or short journeys

MRT Network

High-density housing

Existing RTS Lines s

Jurong and Tuas industrial areas

Airport

CBD

Pasir Ris Town

TAMPINES EXPRESSWAY

TAM

PIN E

S AV

ENUE

10

PASIR RIS DRIVE 1

LOYA

NG AVENUE

TAM

PIN

ES A

VENU

E 12

PASIR RIS DRIVE 3

PASI

R RI

S DR

IVE

12

DUSTRIAL AVENUE 3

TAMPINES LIN

K

LOYA

NG AVENUE

PASIR RIS DRIVE 1

PASIR RIS DRIVE 3

PASIR RIS DRIVE 1

PASIR RIS DRIVE 3

PASIR RIS DRIVE 1

PASIR RIS DRIVE 3

PASIR RIS DRIVE 3

PASIR RIS DRIVE 1

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000250Meters

Pasir Ris Town – MRT Feeders & Local Connectivity

Bus routes to MRT

Commercial / recreation amenity

Polyclinc

Junior College

Private housing cluster

Legend

Town Boundary

• Complete coverage of town for connectivity to MRT station

• Bus network also used for local connectivity to amenities within town

Pasir Ris

0 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,0001,250Meters

Pasir Ris – Long Haul Connectivity• By feeding passengers to the MRT network,

majority of islandwide destinations can be served

• Buses serve in between MRT stations and along corridors not well served by RTS yet

Pasir Ris

Pasir Ris Town – Short Journey Connectivity

TAMPINES EXPRESSWAY

PAN ISLAND EXPRESSWAY

KALL

ANG

PAYA

LEB

AR E

XPRE

SSW

AY

0 1,250 2,500 3,750 5,000625Meters

Town Boundary

Bus routes

Employment clusters

Legend

Hougang

Sengkang

Tampines

Punggol

Simei

Expo

Airport

Pasir Ris

• Good direct bus connectivity to adjacent towns and employment centres

Integration of Public Transport

Physical Integration

Transit stations are designed to integrate with developments

Safe and convenient pedestrian facilities

Ageing population and wheel chair access

Integrating Transport Modes

Transit stations are designed to integrate physically with or connected to other transport facilities.

Includes bus interchanges, taxi stands and pick up/drop off points

Transfer between modes made as “seamless” and as sheltered as possible

Network Integration – bus and rail systems should be an integrated network

Integrated Fare System

Sengkang Interchange

SKLRT

NEL

Compass Point

SKG Bus Interchange

Compass Height

Integrated Fare System

Entry and exit at rail stations

Bus boarding & alightingIntegrated Fare System (EIFS)Contactless smart cards for RTS and public bus fare collectionNon-transit applications. E.g. retail purchases

Regulation ofPublic Transport

Public Transport Industry

2 major multi-modal operators

Operate train, bus and taxi services

Better integration of different transport modes within the same corridor

Benchmarking in terms of service standards and performance

No direct competition

Regulation of Public Transport Industry

Public Transport

Council (PTC)

Approves Bus & RTS

Fares

Approves Bus

Routes

Licences &

regulates Bus

Services

LTA

Licences &

regulates Taxi

Services

Approves vocational licences

Licences &

regulates RTS

services

Provides technical and

agency services

Regulation of Public Transport System

RTS Financing Framework

LTA constructs RTS projects that are:Economically viable

Financially viable

Fare box revenue to cover operating, maintenance and depreciation costs

No operating subsidies given

Government funds infrastructure and 1st set of operating assets

Regulation of Public Transport System

RTS Industry Framework

2 operators in the market (SBST and SMRT)

Each given a X year licence

RTS Operator LicenceExtent, hours and level of service

Safety

Maintenance and operation of the railway

Operating Performance Standards

Regulation of Public Transport System

Govt funds infrastructure such as bus interchanges and bus shelters

Capital costs of buses & depots borne by operators

Operators enjoy certain tax concessions for buses

No operating subsidies given

Bus Financing Framework

Regulation of Public Transport System

2 basic bus operators (SBST and SMRT Buses)

PTC issues Bus Service Operator Licence

Universal Service Obligations (USO) within their respective areas of responsibilities

Covers a set of Quality of Service (QoS) standards, other licence conditions

Penalties imposed for non-compliance

Bus Industry Framework

Barrier-Free Accessibility

MRT networkAlready fully accessible to people with special mobility needs By 2011: additional lifts at stations

Wheelchair accessible public buses

Introduced in 2006By 2020: 100%

Barrier free road facilitiesBy 2010: All pedestrian walkways, access to MRT stations, taxi & bus shelters, and public roads will be barrier free

Thank you