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Agenda
1. Motivation
2. Introduction
3. System Physical Design
4. Results and Conclusions
5. Recommendations
Mohamed Shehata - Master Thesis – REMENA 09/12/2014
1. Motivation
Help in making Egypt a better place
Skills
Masters
Bachelor
2
2. Introduction
Project Application / Tool
Need Material
Work Scope
3
Source: Harald Mehling · Luisa F. Cabeza (Heat and cold storage with PCM)
Parametric tool (annual sum on hourly basis) http://english.ahram.org.eg/
Solar container design
Source: ZAE Bayern
Source: Quarterly energy prices, DECC. Table 4.1.1
3.System Physical Design Technical break-down analysis
4
System schematic diagram showing the sub-systems for input determination
Source: Shenzhen Shine China ltd.
Source: Solar med-atlas
Source: sunxtender
Source: western co.it
Source: Solar med-atlas
3.System Physical Design Electrical System Inputs
5
Source: Egyptian ministry of electricity website
Source: Google maps
Source: DC Masterflux USA (DC)
Source: GEA, Germany
3.System Physical Design Refrigeration Cycle Inputs
6
Source: ZAE Bayern
3.System Physical Design Thermal Storage Unit
Parameter Value Product mass per batch 400 kg
Product loading intervals ½ day
Time at loading 9 am
Product shifting intervals ½ day
Time at shifting 9 am
Product unloading intervals 4 days
Time at unloading 9 am
7
3.System Physical Design Annual Cooling load
Annual required cooling load
8
Parametric Tool
Cooling load coverage driven
from the PV system
Input
3.System Physical Design Parametric Tool
Input Input
Input Input
Input
9
Source: Google pictures Source: Rubitherm Gmbh
3.System Physical Design Output
Source: Google pictures
$$
10
Systems/Properties CW4.64 CW4.06 CW3.48 Ice4.64 Ice4.06 Paraffin3.48 Paraffin 4.06
Cold Storage Material Cold-water Cold-water Cold-water Ice Ice Paraffin Paraffin
PV [kWp] 4.64 4.06 3.48 4.64 4.06 3.48 4.06 Chiller capacity [kW] 4.2 5.2 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3
Battery capacity [kWh] 4.8 3.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
Battery lifetime [years] 10 11 7 20 17 15 17
Mass (tons)/ 3 3 3 0.3 0.31 0.5 0.5 Storage Capacity (kWh)
20.9 20.9 20.9 31.32 32.36 32.22 32.22
Solar load Coverage 0.995 0.996 0.995 0.999 0.997 0.995 0.999
3.System Physical Design System alternatives
11
4.Results and Conclusions
12
4. Results and Conclusions Economical Assessment
Item Price PV Array 600 €/kWp Solar charge controller 180 €/1,8kWp Battery 200 €/kWh DC Chiller 650 €/kW Evaporator 500 €/system Pumps/piping 500 €/system Water fan coil units 1000 €/system Installation 500 €/system
Component Lifetime [years] PV Array 20 Solar charge controller 10
Battery Depends on the no. of cycles
Storage Unit 20 DC Chiller 20 Pumps/piping 10
Water fan coil units 20
Material Price € /kg Water 0.07 Ice 0.07 Paraffin of purity 95% 1.5
13
Maintenance Frequency Annual maintenance Each year (5% initial
cost) Spare parts / replacements Midlife time
Years CW 4.64 CW 4.06 CW 3.48 Ice 4.64 Ice 4.06 Paraffin 3.48 Paraffin 4.06
1 10724 10786 11143 10730 10383 10583 11111 2 137 169 237 237 237 237 237 3 137 169 237 237 237 237 237 4 137 169 237 237 237 237 237 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 137 169 237 237 237 237 237 10 137 169 237 237 237 237 237 11 3379 3267 2524 3062 3062 2832 3062 12 137 169 237 237 237 237 237 13 137 169 237 237 237 237 237 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 137 169 237 237 237 237 237
Total 16560 17095 18562 18063 17715 17685 18444
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Pri
ce in
EU
R
Years
Annual Cash Outflow
CW4,64 CW4,06 CW3,48 Ice 4,64 Ice 4,06 Paraffin3,48 Paraffin 4,06 Conventional
4. Results and Conclusions Annual Cash-outflow
14
4. Results and Conclusions Sensitivity Analysis NPV (IR 10%)
Years CW 4.64 CW 4.06 CW 3.48 Ice 4.64 Ice 4.06 Paraffin 3.48 Paraffin 4.06
1 10724 10786 11143 10730 10383 10533 11111 2 124 154 216 216 216 216 216 3 113 140 196 196 196 196 196 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 18 27 33 47 47 47 47 47 19 25 30 43 43 43 43 43 20 22 28 39 39 39 39 39
NPV 13116 13394 14245 13804 13456 13518 14185
15
13456
15644
NPV (EUR)
NPV
ICE 4.06 Diesel
4. Results and Conclusions Ice Storage System vs. Conventional
Economically
-10000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Acc
umul
ated
Sav
ings
in E
UR
Discounted Payback Period (Net Savings ICE 4.06 vs. Diesel IR 10%)
10 years 5 years Conventional
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Parameter Value
Chiller capacity 7.3 kW
PV power 4.06 kWp
Storage material Ice
Storage material mass 310 kg
Battery Capacity 1.2 kWh
System COP 1.29
Evaporator temperature -5oC
Container storage temperature 12oC
4. Results and Conclusions Conclusion I
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
1-Jan 1-Feb 1-Mar 1-Apr 1-May 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep 1-Oct 1-Nov 1-Dec
kWel
Time
Actual PV Electricity -DC Used electricity from PV field
Battery Charging Power
17
4. Results and Conclusions Storage system operation
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� The suggested ice alternative fulfils the set criteria
� 14% cheaper than the Diesel alternative with subsidized fuel price (2014)
� The chosen system saves the environment from 80.9 tons of CO2 and 0.918 tons of Nox (for lifetime of 20 years)
� Increase the technology know-how curve in Egypt
4. Results and Conclusions Conclusion II
19
5. Recommendations
� Cascaded PCM storage
� Feeding the un-used electricity into the grid – (Feed-in tarif)
� Mobility of the system
� Using Capillary-tube matrix of higher thermal conductivity (With respect to the application’s material)
20
Thanks for you attention
Questions & Discussion …
21
Mohamed Shehata - Master Thesis – REMENA 09/12/2014
Back-up Slides
22
PCM-Details
Latent heat of Fusion kJ/kg
Specific heat capacity L kJ/kg.k
Specific heat capacity S kJ/kg.k
T melting °C
T congealing °C
Density Liquid state kg/m3
Density Solid state kg/m³
PCM Testing
23
Q components
24
Diesel aspects / Maintenance
25
