ADVERBS OF MANNER

HOW?

Adjectives and adverbsAdjectives modify nouns.

A beautiful day An interesting ideaAdverbs modify verbs by telling us how we do something.

She works quietly. They write clearly.Many adverbs are formed by adding ly to the adjective.easy - easily careful – carefully nice - nicely

A few words, like fast, hard, late and low, take the same form as both adjectives and adverbs.

It was a late movie. I stayed out late.She had a hard time. She studied hard.

Forming adverbs from adjectives

Many adverbs are formed by simply adding –ly to an adjective:

Adjective Adverbbeautiful beautifullycareless carelesslycautious cautiously

courteous courteouslyjoyous joyouslyquick quickly

Forming adverbs from adjectives

If an adjective ends in –y if often changed to i before the –ly is added:

Adjective Adverbangry angrilyeasy easilyguilty guiltilyhappy happilyhasty hastily

shabby shabbily

Forming adverbs from adjectives

If an adjective ends in –le, the –le is dropped before –ly is added:

Adjective Adverbcapable capably

comfortable comfortablymiserable miserably

simple simply

ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -LY

• IN THIS CASES WE CAN USE A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE WITH FASHION, MANNER OR WAY.

HE SMILED ME IN A FRIENDLY WAY.

PARTICIPLE ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -ED• MOST OF THESE DON’T HAVE AN

ADVERB FORM AND SO WE USE A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE INSTEAD.

HE FACED THE COURT IN A

DIGNIFIED FASHION. (NOT.. DIGNIFIEDLY)

HOWEVER SOME DO HAVE AN ADVERB FORM WITH -LY• UNEXPECTEDLY• AGITATEDLY• DETERMINEDLY• WORRIEDLY• REPEATEDLY• EXITEDLY

• HURRIEDLY• DISAPOINTEDLY• DESERVEDLY• SUPPOSEDLY• ALLEGEDLY

THE WEATHER TURNED UNEXPECTEDLY STORMY.

• SOME ADVERBS HAS TWO FORMS, ONE ENDING IN –LY AND THE OTHER NOT.

SHE RAN QUICK/QUICKLY TOWARDS

THE DOOR.

• CHEAP (LY)• CLEAN (LY)• CLEAR (LY)• FINE (LY)• LOUD (LY)• SLOW (LY)• THIN (LY)

• IN SOME CASES THERE IS A DIFFERENT MEANING WITH AND WITHOUT –LY.

• I ARRIVED LATE TO THE CONCERT.• I HAVEN’T SEEN JOHN LATELY.

Adjective Adverb (meaning)

Adverb (meaning)

good welldifficult with difficultypublic publicydeep deep (place) deeply (feeling)direct direct directly (=soon)hard hard hardly (=seldom)high high (place) highly (figurative)late late lately (=recently)most most mostly (=usually)near near nearly (=almost)

pretty pretty (=rather) prettilyshort short shortly (=soon)

The following adjectives are also used as adverbs (without moficication)

daily, enough, nearly, far, fast, hourly, little, long, low, monthly, much, straight, weekly,

yearly …

In general: adjective + -lyadjective example

slow slowlyExceptions in spelling

exception exampleSilent ‘e’ is dropped in true, due, whole true → truly

y becomes i happy → happilyle after a consonant is dropped sensible → sensibly

After ll only add y full → fully

Rules

Adjectives ending in –ic: adjective + -ally (exception: public- publicy)

adjective adverbfantastic fantastically

Adjectives ending in –ly: use ‘in a … way / manner’ or another adverb with similar meaning

adjective adverbfriendly in a friendly way

in a friendly mannerlikely probably

Rules

POSITION• They are usually placed after the

main verb or after the object. • Examples:• He swims well, (after the main

verb)• He ran... rapidly, slowly,

quickly..

• She spoke... softly, loudly, aggressively..

• James coughed loudly to attract her attention.

• He plays the flute beautifully. (after the object)

• He ate the chocolate cake greedily.

• BE CAREFUL! The adverb should not be put between the verb and the object:

• He ate greedily the chocolate cake [incorrect]

• He ate the chocolate cake greedily [correct]

• If there is a preposition before the object, e.g. at, towards, we can place the adverb either before the preposition or after the object.

• Example:• The child ran happily towards his

mother.• The child ran towards his mother

happily.

• Sometimes an adverb of manner is

placed before a verb + object to add emphasis:

• He gently woke the sleeping woman.

ADVERBS OF PLACE.WHERE?

Adverbs of place also know as adverbs of location express where the verb action is carried out.

• EVERYWHERE• NOWHERE• HERE• THERE• NEAR• FAR • BEHIND• AROUND• OUT, OUTSIDE

• They are usually placed after the main verb or after the object:

• Example:• after the main verb:• I looked everywhere • John looked away, up, down,

around...

• I'm going home, out, back• Come in after the object:• They built a house nearby • She took the child outside

• Upstairs… The children were playing upstairs

• Outside… The children were playing outside.

POSITION• They are usually placed after the

main verb or after the object:• Example:• after the main verb:I looked everywhere John looked away, up, down,

around...

• I'm going home, out, back Come in

• after the object:• They built a house nearby

• She took the child outside

ADVERBS OF DIRECTION• Other adverbs of place: ending in '-

wards', expressing movement in a particular direction:

• Backwards• Forwards• Downwards• upwards

• Inwards• Outwards• northwards• southwards• eastwards• westwards• homewards• onwards

• Example:• Cats don't usually walk backwards.• The ship sailed westwards.

• BE CAREFUL! 'Towards' is a preposition, not an adverb, so it is always followed by a noun or a pronoun:

• He walked towards the car.• She ran towards me.

• expressing both movement and location:

• ahead, abroad, overseas, uphill, downhill, sideways, indoors, outdoors

• Example:• The child went indoors.• He lived and worked abroad.

ORDER.• BEGINNING OF SENTENCE BEGINNING OF SENTENCE

(before the subject(before the subject):):Connecting adverbs: Then, next, however, suddenly, etcSuddenly the door opened.Next, a ghost floated into the room.

Comment adverbs: Luckily, unluckily, fortunately, surprisingly, stupidly, etcStupidly, I forgot my keys.Fortunately, she has decided to help us.Frequency adverbs (special emphasis, indefinite frequency): usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes and occasionally (NOT: always, ever, rarely, seldom and never).Sometimes I think I’d like to live somewhere else.Usually I get up early.

Some adverbs of certainty: maybe, perhaps.Maybe I’m right.Perhaps her train is late.

Adverbs of place (special emphasis): here, there, at the end, etc.Here comes your bus. The word order changes in this sentence.

There she is.On the bus sat a pretty girl with a blue hat.

Adverbs of time (special emphasis): today, in 1956, etc.Today, I’m going to London.In June we went to Cornwall.

MID-POSITION (before the MID-POSITION (before the main verb, after an main verb, after an auxiliary verb or after auxiliary verb or after “be”“be”))::Adverbs of certainty: certainly,

definitely, clearly, obviously, probably; He probably thinks you don’t like him.There is clearly something wrong.It will certainly rain today.

Adverbs of frequency: never, rarely, sometimes, often, usually, always, ever, seldom, etc We usually go to Scotland in August.I’m seldom late for work.

Focusing adverbs: even, only, also, mainly, etcShe’s also my friend.We are only going for two days.

Some adverbs of time: already, still, finally, eventually, soon, last, just; She’s still working in the office.They’ve just arrived.

Adverbs of manner (when they are not important): slowly, suddenly, happily, etcI slowly started to feel better again.We will happily start moving to London next month.

Some adverbs of degree: almost, greatly, mostly, etcShe’s almost finished.He totally agrees with you.

END OF SENTENCE END OF SENTENCE (after (after the verbthe verb):):Adverbs of manner: slowly,

suddenly, badly, quietly, etc He drove off angrily.You speak English well.Adverbs of place: upstairs, around, here, to bed, from school, etcThe children are playing upstairs.Come and sit here.

Frequency expressions (definite frequency) : once a month, every week, etcShe buys the newspaper twice a week.I visit my grandma every day.Adverbs of time: today, finally, soon, yet, etcI’m going to Paris today.She’ll be coming soon.

If there’s more than one adverb after the

verb, the correct order is:

Manner + place + frequency + time + purpose1 2 3 4 5

Beth swims enthusiastically in the pool every morning before lunch to keep in shape.

ADVERBS OF DEGREE

• Adverbs of degree tell us about the intensity or degree of an action, an adjective or another adverb.

• Common adverbs of degree:• Almost, nearly, quite, just, too,

enough, hardly, scarcely, completely, very, extremely.

• Adverbs of degree are usually placed:

• before the adjective or adverb they are modifying:e.g. The water was extremely cold.

• before the main verb:e.g. He was just leaving. She has almost finished.

• Examples:• She doesn't quite know what she'll

do after university.• They are completely exhausted

from the trip.• I am too tired to go out tonight.• He hardly noticed what she was

saying.

ADVERBS OF CERTAINTY• These adverbs express how certain

or sure we feel about an action or event.

• Common adverbs of certainty:

• certainly, definitely, probably, undoubtedly, surely

• Adverbs of certainty go before the main verb but after the verb 'to be':

• He definitely left the house this morning.

• He is probably in the park.

• With other auxiliary verb, these adverbs go between the auxiliary and the main verb:

• He has certainly forgotten the meeting.

• He will probably remember tomorrow.

• Sometimes these adverbs can be

placed at the beginning of the sentence:

• Undoubtedly, Winston Churchill was a great politician.

• BE CAREFUL! with surely. When it is placed at the beginning of the sentence, it means the speaker thinks something is true, but is looking for confirmation:

• Example:• Surely you've got a bicycle?