Brian Alderman | MCT, CEO / Founder of MicroTechPointPete Harris | Microsoft Senior Content Publisher

Database Fundamentals

Meet Brian Alderman | @brianalderman

Chief Executive Office, Founder MicroTechPointIndustry-recognized consultant Noted author and conference speakerBrian’s expertise and designs range across Microsoft operating systems

More than 25 years of industry experienceBrian has been focused on helping IT Pros and Database Administrators (DBAs) better understand core Microsoft technologies for over 25 years. A frequent presenter at SharePoint Conferences around the world, he has authored or contributed to several SharePoint, SQL Server, and other technical books, and is a MCSE, MCT, and MCITP: SharePoint and SQL Server Administrator. Brian has a BS and MS in Computer Information Systems where he graduated summa cum laude from Regis University of Colorado Springs and lives in Scottsdale, AZ where he enjoys playing golf year round and traveling around the world.

LinkedIn /brianalderman

Blog http://brianalderman.wordpress.

com

Meet Pete Harris | @SQLPete

Content Development Manager in Microsoft’s Learning Experiences team

Focuses on SQL Server and Web training 

With Microsoft since 1995 Part of the first team of developer training folks in the post-Microsoft University eraHas built a variety of content and spoken to customers all over the world

Course Modules

Database Fundamentals

01 | Introducing core database concepts (50 minutes) Define databases, example of relational database tables, and introduce common database

terminology

02 | Relational Concepts (50 minutes)Normalization, referential integrity, and constraints

03 | Creating databases and database objects (50 minutes)Data types, database objects, DDL statements, and creating scripts

04 | Using DML statements (50 minutes)DML statements, using the SELECT statement; using INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE to manage data; indexes and triggers

05 | SQL Server Administration Fundamentals (50 minutes)SQL Server security; securing database and objects; performing database backups and database restores

Click to edit Master subtitle style

04 | Using DML Statements

Brian Alderman | MCT, CEO / Founder of MicroTechPointPete Harris | Microsoft Senior Content Publisher

Introducing DML statementsUsing the SELECT statementModifying data using DML statementsIndexes and triggers

Module Overview

DML Statements

SELECT – retrieve data INSERT – add data UPDATE – modify dataDELETE – remove dataBULK INSERT – Import a data file

Common DML statements

The SELECT statement

Using the basic SELECT statement

The SELECT statement is used to retrieve rows and columns from a table

SELECT * FROM tablename

The SELECT statement requires the name of the table and either the * (retrieves all columns) or specific column names

To limit the number of rows returned you can include the WHERE clause in the SELECT statement

Sample SELECT statement SELECT BusinessEntityID, JobTitle, Gender

FROM HumanResources.Employee WHERE BusinessEntityID <= 50

Returns the following results:BusinessEntityID Title Gender------------------ -------------- ---------1 Chief Executive Officer

M2 Vice President of Engineering

F3 Engineering Manager

M4 Senior Tool Designer

M 

Multiple WHERE clauses

You can combine several WHERE clauses in one query statement to create more specific queries.

SELECT BusinessEntityID, Jobtitle, VacationHoursFROM HumanResources.EmployeeWHERE JobTitle = ‘Design Engineer’ AND gender = ‘F’ AND HireDate >= ‘2000-JAN-01’

SELECT BusinessEntityID, Jobtitle, VacationHoursFROM HumanResources.EmployeeWHERE VacationHours > 80 OR BusinessEntityID <= 50

Using the BETWEEN clause

Retrieving rows within a date range using the BETWEEN clause

SELECT BusinessEntityID, Jobtitle, VacationHoursFROM HumanResources.EmployeeWHERE VacationHours BETWEEN 75 AND 100

Sorting the result set using ORDER By

Sorting the result set by using the ORDER BY to specify what field to sort by.

SELECT BusinessEntityID, Jobtitle, VacationHoursFROM HumanResources.EmployeeWHERE VacationHours BETWEEN 75 AND 100ORDER BY VacationHours

You can sort in descending order by using the DESC clause.

SELECT BusinessEntityID, Jobtitle, VacationHoursFROM HumanResources.EmployeeWHERE VacationHours BETWEEN 75 AND 100ORDER BY VacationHours DESC

Using the NOT clause

Write a query to return data that specifies what you don’t want returned

SELECT BusinessEntityID, Jobtitle, GenderFROM HumanResources.EmployeeWHERE NOT Gender = ‘M’

UNION clause

The UNION clause allows you to combine the rows returned from multiple SELECT statements into a single result set

SELECT BusinessEntityID, Jobtitle, HireDateFROM HumanResources.EmployeeWHERE JobTitle = 'Design Engineer' UNIONSELECT BusinessEntityID, Jobtitle, HireDateFROM HumanResources.EmployeeWHERE HireDate BETWEEN '2005-01-01' AND

'2005-12-31'

EXCEPT and INTERSECT clauses

The EXCEPT clause returns distinct values from the left query that are not found on the right query

SELECT ProductID FROM Production.Product EXCEPT SELECT ProductID FROM Production.WorkOrder ;

The INTERSECT clause returns any distinct values returned by both the query on the left and right sides of intersect operand

SELECT ProductID FROM Production.ProductINTERSECT SELECT ProductID FROM Production.WorkOrder ;

JOIN clause

The JOIN clause allows you to combine related data from multiple tables into one result set

INNER JOINS uses a comparison operator to match rows from two tables based on values in a common column that exists in both tables

OUTER JOINS (left, right, or full) includes rows from one or both tables even if they don’t have matching values CROSS JOINS return all rows from the left table with all rows from the right table. WHERE conditions should always be included.

Aggregate sample

SQL Server provides aggregate functions to assist with the summarization of large volumes of data

SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT SalesOrderID) AS UniqueOrders, AVG(UnitPrice) AS Avg_UnitPrice, MIN(OrderQty)AS Min_OrderQty, MAX(LineTotal) AS Max_LineTotalFROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail;

Demo query generator

Using the SELECT Statement

Demo

Inserting data

You can add a new row to a table using the INSERT statement

INSERT INTO Production.UnitMeasureVALUES (N'FT', N'Feet', '20080414')

You can add multiple rows to a table using the following INSERT statement

INSERT INTO Production.UnitMeasure VALUES (N'FT2', N'Square Feet ', '20080923'), (N'Y', N'Yards', '20080923'), (N'Y3', N'Cubic Yards', '20080923'

BULK INSERT can be used to import a data file into a table with a user-specified format.

Update statement

The UPDATE statement is used to modify the data that is already stored in a table

UPDATE Sales.SalesPerson SET Bonus = 6000, CommissionPct = .10, SalesQuota = NULL WHERE sales.SalesPerson.BusinessEntityID = 289

DELETE statement

The DELETE statement is used to delete rows from a table

DELETE FROM Production.UnitMeasureWHERE Production.UnitMeasure.Name =

‘Feet’

A DELETE statement without a WHERE clause will cause all rows to be deleted

DELETE FROM Sales.SalesPersonQuotaHistory;

Modifying data using DML statements

Demo

Indexes and triggers

SQL Server indexes

Indexes allow you to speed up the retrieval of data stored within a table or view

The SQL Server query optimizer evaluates each method for retrieving the data and selects the most efficient method which may be a table scan or using one or more indexes if they exist.

The most commonly used indexes includeclusterednonclusteredunique

Creating a DML trigger

Triggers are used to enforce business rules when data is modifiedThis DML trigger displays a message to the user when they try to add or change data in the customer table

CREATE TRIGGER Reminder1 ON Sales.Customer AFTER INSERT, UPDATE AS RAISERROR ('Notify Customer Relations', 16, 10); GO

Summary

The SELECT statement is use to retrieve data from one or more tables stored in a database

The SELECT command must indicate what columns and what table you want to retrieve data from when executing the query.

Optionally the SELECT statement can include the WHERE clause to define the conditions used to determine what rows will be returned

Summary

Other arguments that can be used to control what data is returned include;

BETWEENNOTUNIONEXCEPTINTERSECTJOIN (INNER, OUTER, CROSS)

Summary

DML commands that can be used to manage table and view data include

INSERTBULK INSERTUPDATEDELETE

Indexes are used to speed up the retrieval of data from tables and viewsTriggers are used to enforce business rules when data is modified

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