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Module Code PH4202: Multiculturalism, Nationalism and Citizenship

Module Title Political Philosophy

Semester Semester 1, 2010/2011

Teaching Staff Co-taught by Prof Chandran Kukathas and A/P Tan Sor Hoon

Co-taught by Professor Chandran Kukathas (Visiting from London School of Economics) And Associate Professor Tan Sor Hoon (Philosophy Department) This module will be recognized by Political Science Department as a Political Theory module for fulfillment of Political Science Honors or graduate requirements. The class will meet twice a week for three hours each week for the first few weeks to maximize meetings with the Visiting Professor; the total number of seminars will still be 13 for the whole semester. AIMS & OBJECTIVES Multiculturalism and nationalism have been much discussed in recent normative political theory. The purpose of this course is to introduce students to some of these discussions and to engage with a number of the issues that have proven especially challenging. Its focus will be on philosophical and ethical questions rather than on empirical ones. Debates over multiculturalism and nationalism often lead quite readily to an engagement with questions about the nature of the state and political society, and about the importance of various ethical ideals, including justice, equality, toleration, and freedom. It is with these matters that we shall be concerned. More particularly, this course will consider the broader question of the compatibility of multiculturalism and nationalism with liberalism and the ethical values that are most prized in a liberal society.

1. To provide students with a deep understanding of the philosophical and ethical issues in contemporary debates about multiculturalism and nationalism.

2. To develop a critical understanding of different approaches to normative political philosophy.

3. To provide students the opportunity to develop argumentative skills in class discussions,

research and writing skills in their written assignments. ASSESSMENT Participation 20% Review paper 15% Term paper 25% Final Exam 40%

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The review paper is an analysis and critical discussion of one of the assigned readings and should be no more than 1500 words (6 pages, Times 12 points double space). This is due at end of week 6 (Friday, 5 p.m.). The term paper should be between 2500 and 3000 words (10 to 12 pages, Times 12 points double space), on a question designed by students and approved by the instructor. This is due at the end of week 12 (Friday, 5 p.m.). The 2-hour exam will be an open book exam. Students will answer 2 out of 5 questions. READINGS Compulsory texts Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship, Oxford University Press Chandran Kukathas, The Liberal Archipelago, OUP Brian Barry, Culture and Equality, Polity David Miller, On Nationality, OUP Paul Kelly (ed.), Multiculturalism Reconsidered, Polity Supplementary readings C.L. Ten, Multiculturalism and Diversity of Value B. Parekh, Rethinking Multiculturalism S. Okin, Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women? Charles Taylor and Amy Gutmann, Multiculturalism and the Politics of Recognition Paul Kelly, Liberalism Y. Tamir, Liberal Nationalism Tariq Modood, Multiculturalism DETAILED COURSE SCHEDULE

Week 1 (Tuesday, 10 Aug, 4.30 p.m.) preliminary meeting A short meeting to discuss administrative details, and answer any questions students may have about the module. Week 1, Seminar 1 (Friday, 13 Aug, 4-7 p.m.): Introduction This seminar will discuss the relationship between liberalism and multiculturalism C. Kukathas, ‘Nationalism and Multiculturalism’, in Kukathas and Gaus (eds), The Handbook of Political Theory C.Kukathas, ‘Moral Universalism and Cultural Difference’, Oxford Handbook of Political Theory C. Kukathas, ‘Anarcho-multiculturalism: the pure theory of liberalism’, in Geoffrey Levey (ed.), Australian Multiculturalism Jeff Spinner-Halev, ‘Multiculturalism’, Oxford Handbook of Political Theory Paul Kelly, Liberalism, chs.1-5 Tariq Modood, Multiculturalism, chs.1-2

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Week 2, Seminar 2 (Tuesday, 17 Aug, 4-7 p.m.): Kymlicka’s Theory Can the case for multicultural citizenship be built on a foundation of respect for individual autonomy? Is liberalism compatible with multiculturalism? Should liberals – or anyone – care about culture? Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship C.Kukathas, ‘Are there any cultural rights?’, Political Theory 20:1, 1992 Will Kymlicka, ‘The rights of minority cultures: response to Kukathas’, Political Theory 20:1, 1992 C.Kukathas, ‘Cultural rights again: a rejoinder to Kymlicka’, Political Theory 20:3, 1992 C.Kukathas, ‘Multiculturalism as Fairness’, Journal of Political Philosophy, 5:4, 1997 Joseph Carens, Culture, Citizenship and Community, ch.3 Week 2, Seminar 3 (Friday, 20 Aug, 4-7 p.m.): Group Recognition Is the problem with Kymlicka’s view that it does not give groups sufficient recognition? Does Charles Taylor have a better appreciation of why groups matter? Does Iris Young? Charles Taylor, Multiculturalism and the Politics of Recognition Iris Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference Monique Deveaux, Cultural Pluralism and Dilemmas of Justice, chs.1, 7 C.Kukathas, The Liberal Archipelago, ch.6 Week 3, Seminar 4 (Tuesday, 24 Aug, 4-7 p.m.): Liberal Equality Against Multiculturalism What are the main elements of Brian Barry’s critique of multiculturalism? Is multiculturalism incompatible with liberal equality? Are all variants of multiculturalism equally susceptible to Barry’s critique? Are all variants of liberalism incompatible with multiculturalism? Brian Barry, Culture and Equality Paul Kelly (ed.), Multiculturalism Reconsidered Week 3, Friday (East Asian Perspectives on Law workshop) CK away in Week 4 Week 4, Seminar 5 (Tuesday, 31 Aug, 4-7 p.m.): The Liberal Archipelago How does the perspective of TLA on the relationship between liberalism and multiculturalism compare with and differ from the accounts of Barry, Taylor, and Kymlicka? What are the main difficulties confronting this theory? What is the role of the principle of freedom of exit in the theory, and can it do the work it is meant to? Does autonomy offer a more plausible basis for liberalism than toleration? C.Kukathas, The Liberal Archipelago Geoffrey Levey, ‘Equality, Autonomy and Cultural Rights’, Political Theory 25:2, 1997 Anne Phillips, Multiculturalism without Culture, ch.4 A. Eisenberg and J. Spinner-Halev, Minorities within Minorities, chs.7-11 Andrew Fagan, ‘Escaping the Cultural Context of Human Rights’, Human Rights and Human Welfare, vol. 6, 193-202.

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Week 4, Seminar 6 (Friday, 3 Sep, 4-7 p.m.): Feminism and Multiculturalism Is multiculturalism bad for women? How does Susan Okin’s liberalism differ from that of Brian Barry? Is there a tension between feminism and multiculturalism or is any incompatibility between these ideals the product of the tension between liberalism and multiculturalism? Susan Okin, Is Multiculturalism Bad For Women Susan Okin, ‘Feminism and Multiculturalism: Some Tensions’, Ethics 108:4, 1998 Susan Okin, ‘Mistresses of their own destiny’, Ethics 112:2, 2002 Susan Okin, ‘Multiculturalism and feminism: no simple question, no simple answers Ayelet Shachar, Multicultural Jurisdictions C.Kukathas, ‘Is Feminism Bad for Multiculturalism?’, Public Affairs Quarterly 5:2, 2001 C.Kukathas, ‘Exit and Gender’, unpublished ms. C.Kukathas, ‘Dilemma of a Dutiful Daughter’, unpublished ms. Week 5, Seminar 7 (Tuesday, 7 Sep, 4-7 p.m.): Education, Religion and Citizenship Can a liberal society survive without suppressing diversity? Can it survive without suppressing religion, at least to some degree? Is multiculturalism compatible with public education? Stephen Macedo, Diversity and Distrust, chs.6-9 Eamonn Callan, Creating Citizens, chs.1-3 Rob Reich, Bridging Liberalism and Multiculturalism in American Education, selected chapters Deborah Fitzmaurice, ‘Autonomy as a Good’, Journal of Political Philosophy 1:1, 1993 R. Arneson and I. Shapiro, ‘Democratic Autonomy and Religious Freedom’, in I. Shapiro and R. Hardin (eds.), Political Order: Nomos XXXVIII, 1996 Shelley Burt, ‘In defense of Yoder: parental authority and the public schools’, in I. Shapiro and R. Hardin (eds.), Political Order: Nomos XXXVIII, 1996 Jeff Spinner-Halev, Surviving Diversity: Religion and Democratic Citizenship C. Kukathas, ‘Education for Citizenship in Diverse Societies’, International Journal of Education, 35, 2001 C. Kukathas, ‘Classical Liberalism and Ethical Pluralism’, in R.Madsen and T. Strong (eds.), The Many and the One Y. Tamir, Democratic Education in a Multicultural State, papers by Mendus, Macedo, Tamir, Halstead CK's last class before 10 Sep (week 5)/Friday, 10 Sep is public holiday/ Week 6, Seminar 8 (Friday, 17 Sep, 4-7 p.m.): Multicultural Sensibilities: Speech, Attire, Animals, Holidays Should different cultural sensibilities be accommodated in a liberal society – or any society? Can there be any principled or theoretical basis for determining how far such accommodations should be made? Alison Renteln, The Cultural Defense, chs. 2,6 8,11 P. Casal, ‘Is Multiculturalism Bad for Animals?’, Journal of Political Philosophy, 11:1, 2003 B.Parekh, Rethinking Multiculturalism, ch.10 T.Modood, Hansen, Bleich, O’Leary, Carens, ‘The Danish Cartoon Affair: Free Speech, Racism, Islam and Integration’, in International Migration 44:5, 2006 A. Galeotti, ‘Citizenship and Equality: the place for toleration’, Political Theory 21:4

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N.C. Moruzzi, ‘A problem with headscarves’, Political Theory 22:4 A.Galeotti, ‘A problem with theory: a rejoinder to Moruzzi’, Political Theory 22:4 Peter Jones, ‘Bearing the consequences of belief’, Journal of Political Philosophy, 2:1, 1994 C.Kukathas, The Liberal Archipelago, ch.6 Recess Week: 18-26 Sep Week 7, Seminar 9 (Friday, 1 Oct, 4-7 p.m.): Nationality, Nationalism and Multiculturalism Does multiculturalism undermine national solidarity? If so, is it a problem? Is liberalism consistent with nationalism in any form? David Miller, On Nationality Elie Kedourie, Nationalism Y. Tamir, Liberal Nationalism, ch.3 Margaret Moore, The Ethics of Nationalism, chs. 1, 2 J. Raz and A. Margalit, ‘National Self-Determination’, Journal of Philosophy LXXXVII: 9, 1990 C.Kukathas, The Liberal Archipelago, ch.6 Week 8, Seminar 10 (Friday, 8 Oct, 4-7 p.m.): Immigration, the Open Society, and Open Borders What is an open society, and does it require open borders? What would it mean for borders to be open? Michael Walzer, Spheres of Justice, ch. 1. J. Carens, ‘Aliens and Citizens: the case for open borders’, in Kymlicka (ed), The Rights of Minority Cultures Joseph Carens, ‘A Reply to Meilander: Reconsidering Open Borders’, International Migration Review 33:4, 1999, 1082-97 Joseph Carens, ‘Live-in Domestics, Seasonal Workers, and Others Hard to Locate in the Map of Democracy’, Journal of Political Philosophy B.Barry and R.Goodin (eds.), Free Movement, papers by Carens, Goodin, Nardin, Barry D. Miller and S.H. Hashmi, Boundaries and Justice, papers by Lomasky, Kymlicka, Hardin, Philpott D. Miller, ‘Immigration: the case for limits’, in C. Wellman and A. Cohen (eds.), Contemporary Debates in Applied Ethics C. Kukathas, ‘The Case for Open Immigration’, in C. Wellman and A. Cohen (eds.), Contemporary Debates in Applied Ethics C. Kukathas, ‘Expatriatism: a theory of open borders’, unpublished ms. Week 9, Seminar 11 (Friday, 15 Oct, 4-7 p.m.): Is Singapore a “success story of multiculturalism”? What kind of multiculturalism do we find in Singapore? How well have the policies aimed at managing Singapore’s multicultural society worked? What could we do better? How do the concepts and theories we have learned in earlier sessions apply or fail to apply when we inquire into Singapore’s experience? To what extent does the Singapore experience challenge contemporary theories of multiculturalism? This seminar and the next revise and attempt to use the concepts and theories we have learned in previous seminars to understand a specific case: Singapore. For background reading on Singapore “multiculturalism” or “multiracialism,” the following readings will be helpful:

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Chua Beng Huat, Culture, Multiracialism, and National Identity in Singapore Sharon Siddique, “Singaporean Identity,” in K. S. Sandhu and Paul Wheatley (eds.), Management of Success (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asia Studies, 1989) Kevin Tan, “The Legal and Institutional Framework and Issues of Multiculturalism in Singapore,” in Lai Ah Eng, Beyond Rituals and Riots. Michael Hill and Lian Kwen Fee, The Politics and Nation Building and Citizenship in Singapore (London: Routledge, 1995) Nirmala S. PuruShotam, Negotiating Multiculturalism: disciplining differences in Singapore (Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter) The politics of multiculturalism : pluralism and citizenship in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia / edited by Robert W. Hefner Week 10, Seminar 12 (Friday, 22 Oct, 4-7 p.m.): Is Singapore a “success story of multiculturalism”? Continue with the same topic as the last seminar Week 13, Seminar 13 (Friday, 12 Nov, 4-7 p.m.): Revision The class may send in questions on which they would like to discuss further.