Module introduces you to Badakhshan Emphasis on: Geography & topography Human terrain Recent history Economics Security situation Politics Districts

PROVINCES OF AFGHANISTANBadakhshan

Module introduces you to BadakhshanEmphasis on:

Geography & topographyHuman terrainRecent historyEconomics Security situationPoliticsDistricts

OVERVIEW

BLOCK 1: GEOGRAPHY

Location: NE AfghanistanArea: 15,786 sq miles

47,403 sq km

Terrain:90% mountainous…including High PamirsNumerous peaks over 20,000 feet

Amu Darya watershedFew all-weather roads

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

http://afghanistan.usaid.gov/en/Provinces.aspx

Wakhan MountainsSefi

d K

ers

Khvaje

h M

oham

ed R

ange

Pan

j R

iver

Panj R

iver

Wakhjir Javan Pass(Into China)

Jaman Pass(Tajikistan)

Baroghil Pass(Into Pakistan)

Pamir River

Dora Pass

Turghan Pass

Mon

jani

Riv

er

Hindu K

ush R

ange

Qala Panja Pass

Anjoman Pass

Deforestation from 1980s to presentLittle or no erosion controls in place

Flash flooding problems

Temperate grasslands, savannahsGissaro-Alai woodlands along Pamir RiverCommon plants:

Pistachio AlmondWalnutAppleJuniper Sagebrush

FLORA

Montane grasslands & shrublandsHindu Kush alpine meadowsNorthern and southwestern regionsMeadows and birch forests

Karakorum-West Tibetan alpine steppe

Wakhan CorridorPamir alpine meadow and desert

FLORA

Desert and Xeric shrublandsAfghan mountains semi-desertSouth of FayzabadCommon plants:

Thorny bushesZizyphusAcaciaAmygdatus

FLORA

Paropamisus xeric woodlandsNorthwest and central BadakhshanCommon plants:

PistachioAlmondWillowsSea buckthorn

FLORA

Strategic borders:PakistanChinaTajikistan

1896: border settled with RussiaCapital: Faizabad, Fayzabad

Estimated population: 61,000

Districts: 28Number of villages: 1,851

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY

Wakhan Mountains

TAJIKISTAN

Takhar

Panjshir

Nuristan

PAKISTAN

CH

INA

Fayzabad

BLOCK 2: HUMAN TERRAIN

Population: 819,00096% ruralAvg household: 6 membersMale: 51%; Female: 49%

Ethnic composition:Tajiks (majority)PamirisUzbeks

HUMAN TERRAIN

Ethnicity (Cont’d):Pockets of Ismai’lis along Tajik borderSome Ghilzai Pashtuns, KirghizHazara, TurkmenKuchi nomads

Move into province in summer185,000Winter population: 9,500

HUMAN TERRAIN

Religion:Virtually all residents are MuslimSunni majorityMany Pamiris are Shi’a/Ismaili

Languages: Dari (77%)

HUMAN TERRAIN

Languages (Cont’d):Various Pamiri dialects

ShughniMunjiIshkashimiWakhi

Uzbeki (12%)<2% speak Turkmen, Pashto, Nuristani dialects

HUMAN TERRAIN

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

100200300400500600700800900

1000

Female MaleBoth

Year

Pop

ula

tion

(1

,00

0s)

POPULATION DATA

TajiksHistorically dominantPartly based on tribes

ShaqanyQharqhzaZebaki

SunniGenerally favor Jamiat-e Islami party

ETHNIC BADAKHSHAN

Isma’ilisNot really an ‘ethnicity’……but Muslim sectMinority branch of Shi’aFollowers of Agha Khan

Predominate in Shighnan & WakhanFew once gravitated to Khalq, Maoists

ETHNIC BADAKHSHAN

BLOCK 3: HISTORY

HISTORY

Part of Sassanid EmpirePersiansBadaxs = official Persian title

Silk Road ran through hereEarly East-West trade routeMarco Polo traveled through here

Sassanid Empire

HISTORY

19th century: Great GameBritish India vs RussiaBadakhshan in betweenExplorers reconnoiter territory

1896: Wakhan Corridor createdBadakhshan ‘panhandle’Given to AfghanistanBuffer between Russia, British India

MODERN HISTORY

November 1979: Most of Badakhshan in insurgent handsFayzabad controlled by insurgents

Government, Soviets interveneFayzabad occupied Dec 1979

Main Soviet garrison: FayzabadRest of province in Muj handsRemote Soviet bases supplied by helo

MODERN HISTORY

1982: Soviets blocked Anjoman Pass

Key insurgent logistics route

Jamiat-e Islami strongholdProminent leader: Burhanuddin RabbaniOriginally from FeyzabadPresident of Afghanistan in 1990s

Small HIG base in southern Badakhshan

Commander: Mohammed Bashir

MODERN HISTORY

1991: Muj capture most of province1990s: Northern Alliance stronghold

Never invaded/occupied by TalibanBase for NA anti-Taliban operations

BLOCK 4: ECONOMY

Water access:Household access to irrigated land: 42%Household access to rain-fed land: 65%

Agriculture:Income for 55%+ of households47% own or manage agricultural land

ECONOMY -- Agriculture

Crops:WheatBarleyMaizeRice FlaxMelons

ECONOMY -- Agriculture

Industrial crops:Not as prevalent as in other provincesCottonSesameTobaccoSugarPoppies

Honey

ECONOMY

Income for 21% of populationCattleDonkeysSheepGoatsHorses

ECONOMY – Animal Husbandry

Trade & services:32%: income from trade & services

Mineral resources:Lapis LazuliSilverCopperIronLead depositsRubiesEmeralds

ECONOMY – Trade & Minerals

Literacy rate: 31%Highest provincial rate

Male literacy: 38%Female literacy: 21%Literacy – males ages 15-24: 46%Literacy - females ages 15-24: 27%

DEVELOPMENT -- Education

Kuchi literacy: <5%Primary schools (boys): 336Primary schools (girls): 12Secondary schools (boys): 59Secondary schools (girls): 23School attendance:

Ages 6-13: 46%Boys ages 6-13: 49%Girls ages 6-13: 46%


Education access:Primary school in village: 25%5-10 km to primary school: 16%10+ km to primary school: 15%Secondary school in village: 13%5-10 km to secondary school: 18%10+ km to secondary school: 28%


Higher education:University of Badakhshan

Faculty of EducationFaculty of MedicineTotal enrollment (2005): 22352% of students were female in 2005

Badakhshan Teacher Training InstituteEnrolled 357 students in 2005


(As of 2005)Health centers: 33

Of 1,851 villages only 56 have clinics5-10 km to reach clinic: 16%10+ km to reach clinic: 50%

Hospitals: 2Doctors: 36Nurses: 85Pharmacies: 120

DEVELOPMENT – Health Care

Drinking water:Access to safe drinking water: 13%Direct access to drinking water in community: 68%Travel up to 1 hour to access drinking water: 16%Travel up to 6 hours to access drinking water: 12%

DEVELOPMENT – Water

Toilet facilities:None (open bush/field): 14%Open pit: 27%Traditional covered latrine: 55%Flush latrine: <1%

DEVELOPMENT – Sewage

Electricity access:Around 1% have access to electricity

Transport:Roads for all-season car traffic: 25%Roads for seasonal car traffic: 18%No roads: 57%

DEVELOPMENT – Electricity & Roads

Never

Rarely 1-3 times

Sometimes 3-6 times

Often Few times month

Mostly Happens a lot

Households

10% 27% 48% 9% 6%

DEVELOPMENT DATA

Problems Satisfying Food Need of the Household During Last Year

40% get less than needed daily calories for good health

70% have little or no dietary diversityIn 2005 24% relied on food aid

BLOCK 5: POLITICS

FORMAL POLITICAL SYSTEM

Kabul has the power – by designIntended to throttle back warlords

As a consequence:Governor appointed by PresidentGovernor reports to PresidentMinistries maintain local departments

Departments report to Kabul not Governor

Elected Provincial Council reports to President

Dr. Shah Waliullah AdeebBorn: 1969 in BadakhshanEthnicity: TajikEducation:

High school in PeshawarMasters and PhD from Khartoum University

Appointed: 31 October 2010Escaped assassination June 2011

BADAKHSHAN: Governor

Dr. Shah Waliullah AdeebMember of Jamiat-e IslamiClose to Burhanuddin Rabbani

Former President of AfghanistanAssassinated 2011

Previous assignments:Ministry of EducationWorld Bank, KabulProfessor, Kabul University

BADAKHSHAN: Governor

Assassinated 2011Born in Faizabad, 1940Ethnicity: TajikEducation:

Faculty of Shari’a, Kabul UAl-Azhar, Cairo, mid-1960s

Professor of Sharia, Kabul UFounder of Jamiat-e Islami PartyPresident of Afghanistan, 1990s

Burhanuddin Rabbani

Eldest son of BurhanuddinThird of ten children

Education:King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Dhahran – 1989-1995

Several years in Dubai in export businessSpent many years in UKWife is dental hygienist Returned to Afghanistan, 9/15/01

SALAHUDDIN RABBANI

BLOCK 6: SECURITY

Historical ethnic tensions:Resettled Kuchis & UzbeksResettled Kuchis & Isma’ilis

1975 Islamist revolt against DaudBased in Kidhim, Argu districtsPrimarily linked to Hezb-e Islami

Anti-Soviet uprisings, 1979-1980Jamiat-e Islami dominated resistance

Some Hezb-e Islami, Harakat activity

BADAKHSHAN SECURITY

Some intra-Jamiat tensionsJamiat-HIG clashesCommunal land disputesInsurgent inroads in southSome insurgents sympathy in:

Keran-e MunjanJurmYamganWarduj

BADAKHSHAN SECURITY

DRUG TRADE

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Badakhshan_districts.png

“Each district of Badakhshan has its own distinctive character. Steep Shuhada was a spectacular canyon lined with golden wheat terraces, dark cherry orchards, and hot springs. The Jurm valley was broader and more barren, interrupted by deep green wedges of forest and field where nourishing streams broke out of the mountains. In the fertile highlands of Khash, the streams were densely lined with a reed used for classical Persian calligraphy pens, and the roads were brazenly lined with poppy fields.”

Joel Hafvenstein, Opium Season

BLOCK 7: DISTRICTS

DISTRICT GOVERNMENT

Sub-Governor (woluswal)Police ChiefNDS OfficerSome Ministry sub-DepartmentsTaliban shadow governments

ARGHANJ KHWAH DISTRICT

Location: central BadakhshanEnvironmental features:

AvalanchesSeasonal flash floods

District center: ?

ARGHANJ KHWAH DISTRICT

Est. population: 15,000Ethnicity:

TajiksKuchi nomads in summerPashtuns

ARGHANJ KHWAH DISTRICT: Economy

Crops:WheatBarley

Animal husbandry:GoatsCowsSheep

ARGHANJ KHWAH DISTRICT: Economy

Development data:Roads:

Cars all seasons: 0%Cars seasonal: 7%No roads: 93%

Created 2005 out of FayzabadLocation: east BadakhshanArea: 1,032 sq kmDistrict center: ArgoNumber of villages: 145Est. population: 84,000Ethnicity: Tajik & UzbekDominant languages: Tajik and Uzbek

ARGO DISTRICT

Crops:WheatBarleyMaizePoppySesameTobacco

Industry:Kilm weavingHoney, sugar extracts

ARGO DISTRICT -- Economy

Education:Available for about 50% of childrenPrimary schools: 21Secondary schools: 9

Medical:Clinics: 1

ARGO – Development Data

Roads:Cars all season: 56%Cars seasonal: 14%No roads: 30%New Faizabad-Argo road completed 2009

NGOs:Afghan Aid

ARGO – Development Data

Location: central BadakhshanDistrict center: Do AbEst. population: 33,000Ethnicity: TajikDominant language: Dari

BAHARAK DISTRICT

Crops:WheatBarleyWalnutsCherries

Animal husbandry:GoatsSheepCows

BAHARAK DISTRICT -- Economy



NGOs:Afghan AidAga Khan Development Network

Security:May 2010: insurgent attack on district HQ

BAHARAK DISTRICT

Created 2005 out of FayzabadLocation: western BadakhshanEnvironment:

Seasonal flash foodsDistrict center: Darayim

DARAYIM DISTRICT


TajiksUzbeks

Dominant language:Dari

DARAYIM DISTRICT

Crops: Wheat Barley Poppy

Animal husbandry: Goats Sheep

DARAYIM DISTRICT



Security:Poppy eradication underway, 2008May 2010: IED killed 6 ANP

DARAYIM DISTRICT

Also: Darwaz-e Balaye Nesai

Location: northern BadakhshanBorders TajikistanIncludes part of Amu Darya River

DARWAZI BALAI NESAY DISTRICT


TajiksPamiris

Dominant languages:DariVarious Pamiri dialects


Crops:WheatBarley

Animal husbandry:GoatsSheep

Industry:Karakul skinsDried sugarConfections




NGOs:Aga Khan Development Network


Also: Darwaz-e Payeen Mamay

Location: northern BadakhshanBorders on TajikistanIncludes part of Amu Darya River

Est. population: 23,000

DARWAZI PAYIN MAMAY DISTRICT

Ethnicity:TajiksPamiris

Dominant languages:DariVarious Pamiri dialects


Crops:WheatBarley


Industry:PotteryJewelry






Location: central BadakhshanKokcha River runs through it

District center: Fayzabad CityEst. population: 61,000

FAYZABAD DISTRICT

Ethnicity:TajiksUzbeks

Dominant language:Dari

History:1978-1979: anti-Soviet resistance

Soviets occupy city

Major USSR garrison town in 1980s

FAYZABAD DISTRICT

Crops:WheatBarley


Others:Local trade and commerce hubRice and flour mills

FAYZABAD DISTRICT



NGOs:ACTED

FAYZABAD DISTRICT

Location: east AfghanistanBorders Pakistan:

Northern Areas

Borders TajikistanDistrict center: Ishkashim

ISHKASHIM DISTRICT


Tajiks

Dominant language: DariHistory:

20 July 1991: liberated by Muj

ISHKASHIM DISTRICT

Crops:WheatBarley

Animal husbandry:GoatsSheepDonkeys

ISHKASHIM DISTRICT




ISHKASHIM DISTRICT

Location: central BadakhshanEst. population: 52,000Ethnicity:

Tajiks

Dominant language: Dari

JURM DISTRICT

Crops: WheatBarleyPoppy

Animal husbandry:GoatsSheepPoultry

JURM DISTRICT




Marked improvement in female education

Security:Minimal central government presencePrevious problems with local warlords

JURM DISTRICT

Location: central BadakhshanDistrict center: KhashEst. population: 15,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari

KHASH DISTRICT

Economy:Crops:

WheatBarley


KHASH DISTRICT




Politics:District Sub-Governor: Haji Atiqullah

KHASH DISTRICT

Location: NW BadakhshanBorders TajikistanIncludes part of Amu Darya RiverDistrict center: KhwahanEst. population: 14,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari

KHWAHAN DISTRICT

Crops:WheatBarley


Industry:PotteryJewelry

KHWAHAN DISTRICT



KHWAHAN DISTRICT

Also:Kuran wa MunjamKaran 0 Manjam

Location: southern BadakhshanBorders Pakistani’s Northern AreasTagab-e Anjuman river flows through itTagab-e Munjam river flows through it

KIRAN WA MUNJAM DISTRICT

District center: Kiran wa MunjamEst. population: 8,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari


Crops:WheatBarley

Animal husbandry:GoatsSheepDonkeysPoultry





Security:Aug 2010: 10 aid workers killed in Taliban ambush


Also: KeshimLocation: western BadakhshanIncludes Kishim RiverDistrict center: KishimEst. population: 71,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari

KISHIM DISTRICT

Crops:CottonSesameTobaccoSugar extracts

Big regional poppy producerAnimal husbandry:

GoatsSheep

KISHIM DISTRICT



NGOs:ACTED

KISHIM DISTRICT

Also: KuhistanLocation: central BadakhshanEst. population: 16,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari

KOHISTAN DISTRICT

Economy:Crops:

WheatBarley


KOHISTAN DISTRICT



NGOs:CONCERN

KOHISTAN DISTRICT

Location: northern BadakhshanBorders TajikistanIncludes part of Amu Darya RiverDistrict center: Kufab

KUFAB DISTRICT


TajiksPamiris

Dominant language: DariPamiri dialects

KUFAB DISTRICT

Crops:WheatBarley

Animal husbandry:GoatsSheepDonkeysCattle

KUFAB DISTRICT




KUFAB DISTRICT

Location: north BadakhshanBorders TajikistanPart of Amu Darya RiverEst. population: 29,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari

RAGHISTAN DISTRICT

Crops:WheatBarley

Animal husbandry:GoatsSheepDonkeysPoultry

RAGHISTAN DISTRICT



NGOs:CONCERN

RAGHISTAN DISTRICT

Also: Shahri BuzurgLocation: western Badakhshan

Border on Tajikistan Seasonal flash floodingStill recovering from 1998-2005 drought

District center: KhordakanAlso primary district market

SHAHRI BOZORG DISTRICT


TajikPamiriUzbek



Subsistence farming dominates Arable land:

Less than 10% of land area

Water sources:Primarily rain-fed agriculture

SHAHRI BOZORG -- Economy

Crops:WheatBarleyRiceAlfalfaPoppyApricotsMulberriesPistachios


Animal husbandry:Accounts for <25% of household incomeGoatsSheepCows

Other:Seasonal laborRemittances from IranGold mining




Electricity:No public electricityGenerators rare


NGOs: ACTED

Food security:Lack of dietary diversityWheat bread diets & tea predominate


41%

18%

11%

3%

27%

Very Poor

FoodHousehold ItemsMedicalEducationCredit

HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURESShahri Bozorg District

44%

14%

12%3%

27%

Poor



49%

19%

8%

5%

19%

Better-Off



Ownership largely involves animals, trees and a few household items. There are few household items of money value and the agriculture tools are simple and basic.

- Oxfam study of Buzurg-i Shahri, 2007

Location: NE BadakhshanBorders TajikistanIncludes part of Panj RiverMountainousDistrict center: Bashur

SHIGHNAN DISTRICT

Est. population: 23,000 – 30,000Ethnicity:

Pamiris-IsmailisTajiks

Dominant language: DariPamiri dialects

Religion: Shi’a (Ismaili); Sunni

SHIGHNAN DISTRICT

Historically isolated, marginalizedBuffer zone between:

AfghanistanBritish IndiaRussia

1925: revolt against King AmanullahResponse to taxation & conscription policiesRevolt crushed

SHIGHNAN DISTRICT -- History

1960s to 1980s: Appeal of communismEspecially for Ismaili intelligentsia……who reacted against Kabul’s Pashtunization policiesMany Ismai’lis drawn to Khalq or Maoists


1980-1988: ‘Golden Age’ for Shighnan

War did not affect this area muchResidents promoted to key PDPA positions

Four were provincial PDPA Governors

Relative prosperity

1990s: Mujahedin periodTajikization of ShighnanDisplacement of many Shighnan officialsDrugs, contraband trade increased


Economy:Crops:

Wheat Barley

Animal husbandry: Goats Sheep Donkeys Poultry

SHIGHNAN DISTRICT

Development data:Relatively high literacy rateChronic food deficitsRoads:



SHIGHNAN DISTRICT

Location: northern BadakhshanBorders on TajikistanIncludes part of Amu Darya RiverEst. population: 18,000

SHIKI DISTRICT


Dominant language: DariReligion:

Sunni IslamSizeable Shia minority

SHIKI DISTRICT

Economy:Crops:

WheatBarley


SHIKI DISTRICT




SHIKI DISTRICT

Location: eastern BadakhshanEst. population: 26,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari

SHUHADA DISTRICT

Economy:Crops:

Wheat Barley


SHUHADA DISTRICT



NGOs:Afghan Aid

SHUHADA DISTRICT

Also: TagabLocation: west BadakhshanTerrain: mountainous

Taqab River flows through it


TajiksInflux of Kuchis in summer months


TAQAB DISTRICT

Economy:Crops:

WheatRicePistachio


TAQAB DISTRICT



Politics:Sub-Governor: Haji Awrang

Security: no active insurgent movement

TAQAB DISTRICT

“Tagab was safe. Every Afghan I spoke to agreed that if I had wanted to walk from one end of the district to the other, I would be fine. Awrang’s deal with the people didn’t depend on force or threats, but on his continued supply of benefits and his own reputation for honesty. As far as I could see, he was trying to cast himself as the new Ahmad Shah Massoud, and wanted to keep his reputation untainted by corruption and poppy.”

Joel Hafvenstein, Opium Season

Also TaskhanLocation: western BadakhshanEst. population: 27,000Ethnicity:

TajiksKuchi migrants in summer


TISHKAN DISTRICT

Economy:Crops:

Wheat Barley


TISHKAN DISTRICT



TISHKAN DISTRICT

Location: east BadakhshanBorders:

Pakistan’s Northern AreasTajikistanChina

Est. population: 12,000

WAKHAN DISTRICT

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Wakhan_Corridor.jpg

Ethnicity:TajiksPamirisKirghiz

Dominant languages: DariPamiri dialects

WAKHAN DISTRICT

1895 Afghan-Russian border settlement

British ‘offered’ Wakhan to AfghansBritish desired buffer with Russian Empire

1979: Soviet invasionMay & June 1980: Soviets occupy WakhanLater assumed district administrationSoviets limited access to eastern areasGoal: prevent Chinese arms shipments

Persistent rumors Wakhan ceded to USSRLate July 1991: liberated by Muj

WAKHAN DISTRICT: History

Economy:Crops:

WheatBarley

Animal husbandry:GoatsSheep Donkeys

Industry:Silk

WAKHAN DISTRICT




Security:UN: Low Risk/Permissive Environment

WAKHAN DISTRICT

“The Wakhan Corridor is a heady ethnic and linguistic mix coupled with profound religious differences: Ismailis fervently loyal to the Aga Khan, the 49th Imam, who saved them from certain starvation during the civil war in Tajikistan; Shiites; covert Buddhists; remnants of pre-Islamic paganism reminiscent of that in Ladakh and Nepal; and even vestiges of Zoroastrianism.”

-- Dr. Thomas Markey & Dr. Jean-Claude Muller

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aga_Khan_IV

http://wakhi.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/3277_wakhan-50_m.jpg

“…there was a unanimous belief that the Afghan government is simply an outrageous band of crooks on the take and that Hamid Karzai is chief among them. This disgust cut across all linguistic, age and belief groups.”

-- Dr. Thomas Markey and Dr. Jean-Claude Muller

Also: WardujCreated out of Baharak, 2005Location: central BadakhshanEst. population: 20,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari

WURDUJ DISTRICT

Economy:Crops:

Wheat Barley


WURDUJ DISTRICT



NGOs:Afghan Aid


WURDUJ DISTRICT

Location: NW BadakhshanEst. population: 48,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari

YAFTALI PAYIN

Crops:SesameTobacco


Industry:HoneyDried sugarJewelry

YAFTALI PAYIN


Cars all-season: 15%Cars seasonal: 27%No roads: 58%

NGOs:ACTED

YAFTALI PAYIN

Created out of Fayzabad District, 2005Also called Yaftali PayinLocation: western BadakhshanEst. population: 49,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari

YAFTALI SUFLA DISTRICT

Economy:Crops:

Wheat Barley



YAFTALI SUFLA DISTRICT

Also: Yamqan, YumganCreated out of Baharak in 2005Location: central BadaskhshanEst. population: 22,500Ethnicity:

TajiksPamiris


YAMGAN DISTRICT

Crops:WheatBarleyPoppyWalnuts

Animal husbandry:DonkeysGoatsSheep

Industry: Rugs

YAMGAN DISTRICT



Medical:No clinics



YAMGAN DISTRICT

Created out of Ragh in 2005Location: western BadakhshanBorders TajikistanSeasonal flash flooding problemsStill in recovery from 1998-2005 droughtDistrict center: Sar-e Pul

Also primary district market Est. population: 27,000Ethnicity: Tajik, Pamiri, Uzbek

YAWAN DISTRICT

Subsistence farming dominates economyArable land:

Less than 10% of land

Water sources:Primarily rain-fed agriculture

YAWAN -- Economy

Crops:WheatBarleyRiceMelonsPotatoesAlfalfaPoppyPistachiosApricots

YAWAN -- Economy

Animal husbandry:<25% of household incomeCowsSheepGoats

Industry:RugsPotteryHoney production

Other:Remittances from IranSeasonal laborGold mining

YAWAN -- Economy

Other:Remittances from IranSeasonal laborGold mining

YAWAN -- Economy

Chronic food insecurityWheat bread diets & tea

Roads:Cars all seasons: 0%Cars seasonal: 19%No roads: 81%

Electricity:No public electricityGenerators rare

YAWAN -- Development

NGOs:ACTED

Security:UN: Medium Risk/Unstable Environment

YAWAN -- Development

Ownership largely involves animals, trees and a few household items. There are fewhousehold items of money value and the agriculture tools are simple and basic.

- Oxfam study of Yawan, 2007

41%

18%

11%

3%

27%

Very Poor


HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURESYawan District

44%

14%

12%3%

27%

Poor



49%

19%

8%

5%

19%

Better-Off



YAWAN PASS

Location: east BadakhshanBorders Pakistan

Northern AreasNo designated border crossing into Pakistan

Includes Sanglich, Warduj RiversAvalanches, flash floodsDistrict center: ZebakEst. population: 6,500

ZEBAK DISTRICT


Languages: DariPamiri dialect

History:16 July 1991: liberated by Mujahedin

ZEBAK DISTRICT

Economy:Crops:

WheatBarley

Animal husbandry:SheepCattleGoatsHorses

ZEBAK DISTRICT



Food security persistent challengeNGOs:

Aga Khan Development Network


ZEBAK DISTRICT

Documents

Module introduces you to Badakhshan Emphasis on: Geography & topography Human terrain Recent history Economics Security situation Politics Districts