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Module 8
Motivation
8 - 3McGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights
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Learning Objectives
1. Appreciate the nature of motivation at work.
2. Gain insight into some managerial viewpoints of motivation.
3. Understand the difference between the “content” and the “process” approaches to motivation.
4. Describe the behavior modification motivational technique.
5. Gain insights into your own motivation patterns.
6. Identify some basic managerial actions and programs that can foster individual motivation.
8 - 4McGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights
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Key Terms and Concepts
Motivation theory
Motivators
n achievement
n power
P-L (Porter-Lawler) model
Process theories of motivation
Profit-sharing plans
Pygmalion effect
Self-efficacy
Skill-based pay
Team motivation
Work motivation
Behavior modification
Content theories of motivation
Dissatisfiers
Employee stock ownership plans (ESOP)
Equity theory
Expectancy theory
Goal-setting theory
Hierarchy of needs
Hygiene factors
Management by objectives and results (MBO&R)
Motivation
8 - 5McGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights
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Module Outline
• Premodule Preparation
• Introduction
• Managerial Viewpoints on Motivation
• Content Theories of Motivation
• Process Theories of Motivation
• Linking Theory and Managerial Practice
• International Viewpoint on Motivation
• Summary
8 - 6McGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights
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Premodule Preparation
Activity 8-1: Motivation to Work
Objectives:
a: To determine your views of what has made you most and least productive in past work situations.
b: To compare your results with some current motivational studies and theories.
Worksheet for Activity 8-1
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Introduction
Motivation is a core concept to study as we look at the effectiveness of
- the individual- the small group- intergroup activities- the organization.
We examine motivation with:(1) case study: Car Wash(2) philosophical viewpoints(3) activities, self-assessment tools, and cases(4) dominant motivation theories
8 - 8McGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights
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Managerial Viewpointson Motivation
• Traditional Viewpoint
• Human Relations Viewpoint
• Human Resources Viewpoint
• Alternative Clusters of Motivational Theories
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Content Theories of Motivation
• Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
• McClelland’s n Achievement and n Power
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Content Theories of Motivation(Continued)
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Content Theories of Motivation(Continued)
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Content Theories of Motivation(Continued)
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Process Theories of Motivation
• Equity Theory
• Expectancy Theory- Porter-Lawler Model
• Goal-Setting Theory
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Process Theories of Motivation(Continued)
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Process Theories of Motivation(Continued)
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Process Theories of Motivation(Continued)
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Linking Theory and Managerial Practice
• Management by Objectives
• Profit-Sharing Plans
• Skill-Based Pay
• Pygmalion and Motivation
• Behavior Modification
• Motivation in Work Teams
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Linking Theory and Managerial Practice(Continued)
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International Viewpoint on Motivation
Motovation is culture bound.
People carry “mental programs” that are rooted in family and reinforced by the educational system.
Hofstede and Trompenaars show that Maslow’s motivation theory does not work for employees outside of America.
The word achievement itself is hardly translatable into any language other than English.
Human expectations and goals in different parts of the globe seem to be shifting and as such should our motivational programs and practices.
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Questions
Summary
