A Gantt chart is a graphical representation of the duration of tasks against the progression of time. It is a useful tool for planning and scheduling projects. A Gantt chart is helpful when monitoring a project's progress. A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project.

Gantt Chart

The S Curve is a well known project management tool and it consists in "a display of cumulative costs, labour hours or other quantities plotted against time. The name derives from the S-like shape of the curve, flatter at the beginning and end and steeper in the middle, because this is the way most of the projects look like. The S curve can be considered as an indicator and it's used for many applications related to project management such as: target, baseline, cost, time etc. Variety of S-Curve * Man Hours versus Time S Curve

* Costs versus Time S Curve * Baseline S Curve * Actual S Curve * Target S Curve * Value and Percentage S Curves

S - Curve

The Man Hours versus Time S Curve is appropriate for projects that are labour intensive. It shows cumulative man hours expended over time for the duration of the project. As man hours are a product of man power and working hours, these may be adjusted together or individually in an attempt to keep the project on schedule. Projects may require additional man hours to finish on time due to low productivity, delays and disruptions, rework, variations, etc.

Man Hour S - Curve

The Costs versus Time S Curve is appropriate for projects that contain labour and non-labour (e.g. material supply / hire / subcontract) tasks. It shows cumulative costs expended over time for the duration of the project, and may be used to assist in the calculation of the project's cashflow, and cost to complete.

Cost S - Curve

Prior to project commencement, a schedule is prepared outlining the proposed allocation of resources and the timing of tasks necessary to complete the project within a set time frame and budget. This schedule is referred to as the Baseline Schedule. From this schedule, a Baseline S Curve is generated. This S Curve reflects the planned progress of the project. If the project requirements change prior to commencement (eg. change of scope, delayed start), the Baseline Schedule may require revision to reflect the changed requirements.

Baseline S - Curve

Following project commencement, modification of the Baseline Schedule is usually required. Changes are continually made to the Production Schedule (which is originally the same as the Baseline Schedule). The production schedule reflects the actual progress of the project to date, and any revisions made to tasks yet to commence or not yet completed. From this schedule, a Target S Curve may be generated. This S Curve reflects the ideal progress of the project if all tasks are completed as currently scheduled. In an ideal world, the Target S Curve will meet the Baseline S Curve at the end of the project (On Time, On Budget) or finish below and to the left of the Baseline S Curve (Early, Under Budget). In reality, it is not uncommon for the Target S Curve to finish above and to the right of the Baseline S Curve (Late, Over Budget).

Target S - Curve

The production schedule is updated on a regular basis throughout the duration of the project. These updates include the revision of percentage complete for each task to date. Using this information, an Actual S Curve may be generated. This S Curve reflects the actual progress of the project to date, and may be compared with the Baseline and Target S Curves to determine how the project is progressing. During the project, the Actual S Curve will terminate at the Cut Off Date. This is the date the Production Schedule was last updated. At the completion of the project, the Actual S Curve will meet the Target S Curve.

Actual S - Curve

Sample Project S - Curve

Why Use a S Curve? S Curve is an important project management tool. They allow the progress of a project to be tracked visually over time, and form a historical record of what has happened to date. Analysis of S Curves allow project managers to quickly identify project growth, slippage, and potential problems that could aversely impact the project if no remedial action is taken.

Actual

TIME

% or

COS

T et

c. Planned

ACTUAL

Construct a Gantt Chart with superimposed S-Curve base from the given data.

NODES Activities Work Description Dur.(wks) Cost 1-2 A Demolition & Clearing 8 Php 21,390.00 2-3 B Excavation 14 Php 22,450.00 2-5 C Underground Installation 6 Php 56,980.00

3-4 D Foundation & Columns 5 Php 70,890.00 4-5 E Dummy 0 4-6 F Construction of 2/F 6 Php 100,000.00 4-7 G Roof Framing and Flooring 6 Php 150,000.00 5-7 H G/F Slab 4 Php 90,000.00 5-8 I Mech. Elect. Services 12 Php 120,300.00 6-7 J Construction of Exterior Walls 12 Php 90,000.00 7-8 K Dummy 0 7-9 L Construction of Interior Partition 10 Php 90,000.00 8-9 M Mech. & Elect. Equipment Fixture 12 Php 140,000.00

9-10 N Painting and Finishing Works 8 Php 80,000.00

Steps in constructing Gantt Chart with S-curve 1. Construct the PERT/CPM to verify the precedence of activities.

2. Tabulate the activity with corresponding cost or percentage.

3. Knowing the duration of project from step 1, construct the Gantt chart

based from the respective duration and precedence the activities. Note: - Each cell is equivalent to single duration

4. Provide values on each cell - Cell Value = Cost / duration 5. Repeat step 4 until all activities are plotted. 6. To check, Cost = Summation of Cell Values (horizontal) 7. Summation of cost for each duration - Duration Cost = Summation of Cell Values (Vertical) 8. Compute the Cumulative Cost 9. Plot the cumulative cost(Y-Axis) vs Time (X-axis)

ACT PRECEDES DUR COST A C, D, F 4 Php 10,000 B F, D 7 Php 20,000 C E, G, I 5 Php 15, 000 D E, G, I 10 Php 100,000 E H 2 Php 45,000 F G, I 6 Php 60,000 G H 4 Php 40,000 H END 8 Php 40,000 I END 9 Php 45,000

Construct a Gantt Chart with superimposed S-Curve base from the given data.

ACT PRECEDES DUR COST A C, D, F 4 Php 10,000 B D, F 7 Php 20,000 C E, G, I 5 Php 15, 000 D E, G, I 10 Php 100,000 E H 2 Php 45,000 F G, I 6 Php 60,000 G H 4 Php 40,000 H END 8 Php 40,000 I END 9 Php 45,000

1

2 A 4 C 5 4

3 B 7 F6 5

E 2 6

7

H 8

I 9

G 4 D 10 END

START

J 0 K 0

ACT PRECEDES DUR COST A C, D, F 4 Php 10,000 B D, F 7 Php 20,000 C E, G, I 5 Php 15, 000 D E, G, I 10 Php 100,000 E H 2 Php 45,000 F G, I 6 Php 60,000 G H 4 Php 40,000 H END 8 Php 40,000 I END 9 Php 45,000

1

2 A 4 C 5 4

3 B 7 F6 5

E 2 6

7

H 8

I 9

G 4 D 10 END START J 0 K 0

0

4

7

4

9

17

19

17

13

21 29

26 0

ACT PRECEDES DUR COST A C, D, F 4 Php 10,000 B D, F 7 Php 20,000 C E, G, I 5 Php 15, 000 D E, G, I 10 Php 100,000 E H 2 Php 45,000 F G, I 6 Php 60,000 G H 4 Php 40,000 H END 8 Php 40,000 I END 9 Php 45,000

1

2 A 4 C 5 4

3 B 7 F6 5

E 2 6

7

H 8

I 9

G 4 D 10 END START J 0 K 0

0

4

7

4

9

17

19

17

13

21 29

26

29

21

17

20

19

17

11

7

12

7 3

0 29

0

ACT PRECEDES DUR COST A C, D, F 4 Php 10,000 B D, F 7 Php 20,000 C E, G, I 5 Php 15, 000 D E, G, I 10 Php 100,000 E H 2 Php 45,000 F G, I 6 Php 60,000 G H 4 Php 40,000 H END 8 Php 40,000 I END 9 Php 45,000

1

2 A 4 C 5 4

3 B 7 F6 5

E 2 6

7

H 8

I 9

G 4 D 10 END START J 0 K 0

0

4

7

4

9

17

19

17

13

21 29

26

29

21

17

20

19

17

11

7

12

7 3

0 0

Steps in constructing Gantt Chart with S-curve 1. Construct the PERT/CPM to verify the precedence of activities.

2. Tabulate the activity with corresponding cost or percentage.

3. Knowing the duration of project from step 1, construct the Gantt chart

based from the respective duration and precedence the activities. Note: - Each cell is equivalent to single duration

4. Provide values on each cell - Cell Value = Cost or Percentage / duration 5. Repeat step 4 until all activities are plotted. 6. To check, Cost or Percentage = Summation of Cell Values (horizontal) 7. Summation of cost for each duration - Duration Cost = Summation of Cell Values (Vertical) 8. Compute the Cumulative Cost 9. Plot the cumulative cost(Y-Axis) vs Time (X-axis)

Determine the up to date overall status of the project based from the given data below.

Work Description Dur. (wks)

Cost Previous Present

Demolition & Clearing 8 Php 21,390.00 100% 0 Excavation 14 Php 22,450.00 100% 0 Underground Installation 6 Php 56,980.00 0% 10%

Foundation & Columns 5 Php 70,890.00 100% 0 Construction of 2/F 6 Php 100,000.00 30% 5% Roof Framing and Flooring 6 Php 150,000.00 30% 12% G/F Slab 4 Php 90,000.00 0 10% Mech. Elect. Services 12 Php 120,300.00 20% 7%

Construction of Exterior Walls 12 Php 90,000.00 10% 7% Construction of Interior Partition 10 Php 90,000.00 10% 6% Mech. & Elect. Equipment Fixture 12 Php 140,000.00 2% 2%

Painting and Finishing Works 8 Php 80,000.00 0% 2%

Project Status: Actual S - Curve

Gantt Chart & S-CurveSlide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20