Module 5 - Techdrawing

8/13/2019 Module 5 - Techdrawing

1/92

Competency Based LearningMaterial

Sector: CONSTRUCTION

Trade Area:Construction Painting NCII

Unit o Competency:

Prepare and Interpret Tec!nical "ra#ing

Module Title:

Preparing and Interpreting Tec!nical "ra#ing

Institution:

Tec!nical $ducation and S%ills"e&elopment Aut!ority

Training center

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INTRODUCTION

Unit Prepare & Interpret Technical Drawing

Module Preparing & Interpreting Technical Drawing

S'MBOLS

These symbols are located at the left margin of the module.These illustrate the actions that should be taken or resourceto be used at a particular stage in the module.

ModuleIntroduction



LOLearning Outcome

Resources

Reading Acti&ity

Use Computer

Practice Tas%

Sel(C!ec%

Ans#er )ey

Assessment

Remem*er+Tips

Saety


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Tec!nical "ra#ing, also known asdrating, is the practice of creatingaccurate representationsof objects for

technical, architectural & engineeringneeds. A practitioner of the craft isknown as a draftsman, and recently,"drafter".

Importance of Drafting

Technical Drawing or drafting is known to be one of the basiclanguages of technology, namely math, science and drawing,Through this application a technology task can be performedcorrectly. Eamples of it is the schematic diagram of acircuit for electronics technician & electrician, detailedplan of an object for carpenters and machinist, technical andfloor plans for carpenters and construction workers.

Although drafting is sometimes accomplished by a projectengineer, architect ! or een by shop personnel such as amachinist ! skilled drafters #and$or designers% usuallyaccomplish the task and are always in demand to some leel.ut basically it must be a common competency for all technicalworkers in order to interpret the task to be performed andcould prepare one to describe other details of the task to beperformed to other co!workers.


Figure 1

Figure 2: Perspective Drawing

Figure 1 is a pictorial cut-off view thatshows the parts of any object. Althoughit shows the original feature of the objectbut how to construct it is another thing.

This is shown in the technical drawinglike in Figure 2. It may give the buildingdetails of the object.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plans_(drawings)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecturalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plans_(drawings)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecturalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering


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ModuleIntroduction



Conditions:

Trainees must *e pro&ided #it! t!e ollo#ing:

'. (earning )aterials

)odule* +repare & nterpret Technical Drawing

)anuals of Tools

-. Training acilities /tudy area

0iewing Area

Tool room$cabinets

1. Tools, /upplies and )aterials

Drawing Triangles 2leaning +ad 2ompass /et

Drafting Tape Dusting rush Eraser

Erasing /hield rregular 2ure (ead +ointer

(ettering 3uide )echanical +encil 4rdinary +encil 5D

+rotractor /cale Template

Drafting oard Drawing +late +rojection o

/ample projects



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Learning Element 1

"ra#ing Tools - $.uipment

n completion of this element you should be able to*

dentify the basic drawing tools

Eplain the importance of the tools.

Discuss the use of each drawing tools.

Eplain the safety of using drawing tools.

dentify the different category of drawing tools.

Apply the 6/ principles at the workplace.

To undertake this element you are re7uired to hae on handsthe following resources*

nformation sheet 8'* mportance of 5and tools

/elf 2heck

Answer /heet

9ob /heet

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Learning Outcomes

Resources

LO


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!earning"cti#it$ 1



(earning 4utcome

nformation sheet '

Answer the 7uestions on the 7uestionnaire:ask for the answer sheet from your trainer.

2heck your answers by looking at thefeedback sheets: ask for the assistance ofthe trainer.

;sing the 9ob /heet, perform the practicesfollowing the instructions.

Ask permission from your instructor.

4bsere safety practices

)aintain cleanliness

Ask for ealuation if you are through withthe practice.

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Reading Acti&ity

Sel(C!ec%

Practice Tas%


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ModuleIntroduction



TOOLS AN" $/UIPM$NT

UNIT OB0$CTI1$

After completion of this unit, you should be able to identifybasic drafting tools, use and care for arious drafting tools.

2ompetencies will be demonstrated by completing the assignmentsheets, job sheets, and the unit tests with a minimum score of parts of '6? by using 1@?$@?and >6? triangles. 30o* S!eet 486

d. ;se a compass to draw circle and arcs.30o* S!eet 496e. Diide a line using a diider. 30o* S!eet 46f. )easure angles with a protractor. 30o* S!eet 4;6



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De'inition o'Ter()



Terms and "einitions

"ra#ing Media ! Any type of drawing material upon whichan object is graphically represented.

ample:

In% ! 2omposed mainly of carbon in colloidal suspension#late or solution of special shellac% and gum

#B4TE*The fine particles of carbon gie the deep, dark, blackappearance to the ink, and the gum makes it 7uick to dry and

waterproof.%

Lead ! made of graphite with kaolin #clay% added inarying amounts in order to make the eighteen gradesfrom the hardest #C5% to the softest #%

#B4TE*3rade labeling aries according to the manufacturer.%

Parallel ! Two lines or surfaces side by side, e7ualdistances apart at all points.

$>ample:

Perpendicular ! At a C@? angle to a gien plane or line.

$>ample:

1ernier! A measuring deice consisting of a main fiedscale and a smaller graduated scale that slides to obtainfine measurements.

1ertical! A line straight up and down, perpendicular tothe hori=ontal plane.

$>ample:

?or%ing Surace! Any surface such as a drafting board ordesk used to secure drawing media.

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In'or(ation+heet 1



Basic "ra#ing Tools

Ad@usta*le Triangle! used for drawing ertical orinclined lines that is not at the standard '6?increments.

Cleaning Pad! A loosely woen bag of ground art gumeraser used to remoe loose graphite from a drawing.

Compass! ;sed to draw circles and arcs.

Compass Adapter! A deice which holds a technical pen ina proper position in a compass

"i&ider! ;sed to transfer dimensions

"rating tape! A specially!prepared tape used to adheredrawing media to the working surface

"usting *rus!! ;sed to brush loose graphite and eraserdust from a drawing

$raser! ;sed to remoe pencil lines and graphite smudgesfrom a drawing

$raser s!ield! A metal plate with arious slots and

openings used to protect line work when a portion of adrawing is to be erased

Irregular cur&e! ;sed to lay out any noncircular cure

Lead pointer! ;sed for sharpening mechanical pencils

Lettering guide! ;sed to lay out guidelines forlettering

Mec!anical pencils ;sed to hold leads of arioushardness

Protractor! ;sed to measure angles Scales! ;sed to measure the length of a line

Template! A thin, flat, plastic tools with arious si=eopenings of different shapes used to epedite the drawingof standard features

Triangle! A thin, flat, right!angled piece of plastic ormetal with acute angles of >6?, or 1@? and @? used fordrawing ertical or inclined lines that are multiples of'6?

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In'or(ation+heet 1



-a)ic Drawing Tool)

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Adjustable Triangle Cmpass & Di!iders Technical Pens Dusting "rush

Irregular Cur!es

Dra#ting Tape Cleaning Pad $ead Pinter

%echanical Pencil/$ead lder

'raser'rasing (hield

$ettering )uide

Prtractrs

Templates

(cale*egular Triangles

$i+uid In, 'raser


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In'or(ation+heet 1



-a)ic Drawing /0uip(ent


Dra'ting Tale

Drawing -oard

Parallel "ar Dra#ting %achine

-.Trac, Dra#ter

T.(+uare

$.(+uare

'lbw Dra#ting %achine


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In'or(ation+heet 1



Types o drating mac!ines and !o# t!ey operate

A. Parallel *ar! A parallel bar is a long flat bar similar

to a T!s7uare that has a hollow area in its middlethrough which cable pass. These cables work through aseries of pulleys, and the ends are attached to a tensionbracket. The cables allow the bar to moe in a parallelmotion up and down the working surface.

. $l*o# drating mac!ine! An elbow drafting machine has aprotractor head which can be adjusted to any anglemeasurement accurate to the nearest 6 minutes of adegree. The protractor head moes in any direction on theworking surface. The head is mounted at the end of twoarms hinged in the middle with an elbow swiel joint.This allows the drafter to make parallel lines at anyangle.


C"-!/

-"R

T/N+ION -R"C/T

C"-!/PU!!/+

Prtractr ead

rintal (cale

-ertical (cale

pper Arm

Clamp

$wer Arm

'lbw


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In'or(ation+heet 1



2.1(trac% drater! The 0!track machine has a protractor

head which can be adjusted to any angle measurementaccurate to the nearest 6 minutes of a degree: thisprotractor head moes on a ertical track which in turnmoes on a hori=ontal track. This allows the drafter tomake parallel lines in any directions.

Advantages of each type of drafting machines

A. Advantages of a parallel bar

'. Easy to make hori=ontal lines-. )ore accurate than a T!s7uare1. 0ery little maintenance>. /imple to operate

B. Advantages of an elbow drafting machine

'. ncreases drafting output-. Fe7uires fewer tools to operate

1. (ess epensie than 0!track machine>. 2an be aligned to any base line

C. Advantages of a V-track drafting machine

'. /imple to operate-. 0ersatile1. Accuracy is better maintained.>. All areas of drafting board are accessible.6. ew working parts


rintal Trac,

-ertical (cale

rintal (cale

Prtractr head

%unting Clamp

-ertical Trac,

Pi!t Pint

rintal/-ertical"rea,


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In'or(ation+heet 1



Parts o a standard protractor !ead

Rules or maintenance and care o drating mac!ines

A. Geep support clamps secured snugly to desk.. Geep scales aligned and tight.

#2A;T4B* Do not oer tighten%

2. Geep scales cleanD. Geep scales flat on working surface. Do not lift machines

by scales.E. Geep band tension adjusted properly.. +rotractor head should adjust easily.

#2A;T4B* Do not force. 2heck protractor brake wing nut.%

3. Tighten baseline and protractor wing nuts snugly but nittoo tightly.

#2A;T4B* Do not force.%

5. (ift machine by handle to moe from position to position.. )ake sure scales are neer used to cut or tear paper.9. Beer use scales as straight edges for cutting with a

knife.G. Beer store drafting machine with scales protruding oer

the edge of drafting table.



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In'or(ation+heet 1



Types o compasses

" 5riction

- -ow

C -ea(


"1 'T "1 D*1P (P*I4) (P''D "1


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In'or(ation+heet 1



Types o di&iders

" 5riction

- -ow

C Proportional

Types o irregular cur&es

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ips Cur!e

5le6ible Cur!e

5rench Cur!e

*ule Cur!e


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In'or(ation+heet 1



Types o common template

A. 2ircle. Ellipse2. sometric ellipseD. ArchitecturalE. +iping. /tructural steel shape3. 5e bolt head5. Thread. +lumbing9. 2iil

G. Electronic

#B4TE* )any others may be added to this list.%

Rules or maintenance and care o drating tools and e.uipment

A. Geep hands and e7uipment clean.. Geep all instruments clean and dry.2. Do not bend templates sharply.D. Do not use templates or scales as edges for cutting

tools.E. Do not use templates as eraser shields.. Do not hit scales and triangle on edges.3. Do not oeretend compasses and diiders.5. 2lean plastic tools with soap and water only.

. Do not stick compasses and diider points into scales andtriangles.9. Beer sharpen leads oer drawing and table surface.



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In'or(ation+heet 1



Types o drating pencils

A.Mec!anical lead !older! (ead re7uires sharpening

. T!in(lead mec!anical pencils ! (ead does not re7uiresharpening

C, Regular Pencil

#B4TE* )any styles of thin!lead mechanical pencils are aailable.%

Types o leads and de&ices used to s!arpen t!em

A, Compass leads

'. file-. /andpaper pad

B, Mec!anical lead(!older leads

'. /andpaper!cone lead pointer-. )etal!cutter lead pointer

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In'or(ation+heet 1



Tools used or in%ing

A. Technical pen. nk riser2. Triangles with inking edgesD. nking erasers

'. +lastic inyl-. 2hemically!imbibed1. (i7uid

Types o pen points

A. Stainless steelfor hand use and programmed automated digital plotters!

B. 0e#elfor hand use and automated digital plotters!

"#T$% The jewel point can fracture if it is dropped& or if the point should meet with impact on a hard surface'therefore& do not top a pen with a jewel point on the desk top.!

C. Tungsten(car*idefor use with programmed automated digital plotters!

D. Plotter pensavailable in li(uid ink plotting points& ball point cartridges& or felt tip pens.!

?ays to properly use and care or tec!nical pens

A. The proper way to hold the technical pen is ertically,with a ery light touch.

. Hhile drawing, always pull the technical pen: neer pushit.

2. The air channel allows air enter the ink cartridge inorder to replace the ink that has been used.

D. The technical pen shouldalways be capped when not in use,een if not used for a shortperiod of time.

E. The wire!weight shouldneer be remoed during cleaning,specially si=es 1@mm 8@@ orsmaller.. Hhen a technical pen is tobe stored for an etended periodof time, it should be cleanedwell and filled with pen cleaningsolution.

"#T$% )heck the manufacturer*s recommendation.!

3. efore using the pen that has been stored a long time,flush it with warm water, thoroughly dry it, and refill itwith ink

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6o +heetNo 1



OP$RAT$ AN A"0USTABL$ TRIANL$

A. Tools and E7uipment

Adjustable triangle

+arallel bar$Drawing oard

Actiity +aper

+encil

Eraser

. +rocedure

/et re7uired angle on triangle by loosening adjusting

knob and setting the scale. #see figure below% Fead numbers on lower half of scale if re7uired angle

is greater than >6?. The angle will be the actual anglemade by the triangle.

Fead numbers on upper half of scale if re7uired angleis less than >6?. The angle will be complementary tothe angle.



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6o +heetNo 1



"#T$% Adjustable triangle can also be adjusted so that the long side can serve as the base line. This changes the directionthe individual lines will run. +ee figure below.!

>. +ractice setting arious angles and rotating triangle to

get arious line angle.

6. 2onstruct parallel lines by drawing along one edge of thetriangle. /lide the triangle along working edge to knewposition and construct the new line. #igure 1%



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6o +heetNo 2



"RA?


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6o +heetNo 2



. Draw ertical lines by placing a triangle against theparallel scale and using the ertical C@? angle side ofthe triangle to trace along.

2. +roblems* ;sing a new sheet of drawing paper, draw thefollowing figures using the specifications noted.2onstruct problem ' in the left half of the sheet and+roblem - in the right half of the sheet.

+roblem '*

(ine A! is diided into e7ual parts.(ine A!D is diided into C e7ual parts.


C

B

D

A

4

4


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6o +heetNo 2



#B4TE* Accuracy is a ImustJ for a drafter. Hork onaccuracy of spacing and keep all corners clean andsharp.%


5

5


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6o +heetNo 3



"I1I"$" A CIRCL$ INTO 79 PARTS O2 5 B' USIN 8D+;D AN" 9TRIANL$S

A. Tools and e7uipment

'. Triangles! 1@?$@? and >6?-. Drafting machine or parallel bar1. Drafting media>. Drafting pencil

6. Eraser

. +rocedure

'. ;se the established center point and lines as a referencepoint from which two standard triangles can be used tofind the first '6? angle. #igure '%

-. ;se one triangle to find the 1@? angle net to the '6?angle.

1. ;se one triangle to find the >6? angle net to the 1@?angle.

>. ;se one triangle to find the @? angle net to the >6?angle.

6. ;se two triangles to find the6? angle net to the @?angle.

. ;se one triangle to find the C@? angle net to the 6?angle.

. 2ontinue with triangles and drafting machine or parallelbar until the circle has been diided into -> parts andeach angle has been correctly labeled.



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6o +heetNo 3



D. +roblem!Diided the circle below into -> parts of '6?.



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6o +heetNo 4



US$ A COMPASS TO "RA? CIRCL$ AN" ARCS

A. Tools and E7uipment'. compass-. Eraser1. Drafting )edia #IAJ si=e ellum! < K ''J%>. Drafting pencil

. +rocedure

"#T$% A compass is used to draw circles or arcs that are too large or different in si,e from a circle template.!

'. /et the radius to be used.)aution% Do not place the compass directly on the scale because this practice could eventually damage the scale.!

-. After radius is determined, start the circle by holding thecompass handle between the thumb and the forefinger.

1. 2omplete the circle by rotating the compass in a clockwisedirection.

>. ;se the scale to check accuracy of the diameter beforedarkening lines.



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6o +heetNo 4



Pro*lem* 2onstruct a 1 '$-J s7uare centered on the ellum andconstructs a figure like the one shown below in that space.Draw ' 1$>J radius arcs at A, , 2, and D, and construct smallarcs so that they intersect as shown in the below. 2ompletethe problem by adding center lines.

"#T$% #mit radius lines A& & )& and D from finished drawing.!



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6o +heetNo 4



US$ A "I1I"$R TO "I1I"$ A LIN$ INTO $/UAL PARTS,

A. Tools and E7uipment

'. Diider-. Eraser1. Drafting media #IAJ si=e ellum%>. Drafting pencil

. +rocedure

#B4TE* A diider is used to transfer adimension from one point to another or to subdiide aline into a gien number of e7ual parts.%

'. To diide a line into a gien number of e7ualparts, set one point of the diider at one endof the line.

-. ;se one hand to adjust the diider toapproimately '$1 the distance of the line.

#B4TE* Distance will change defending uponnumber of diisions.%

1. /wing the diider clockwise to the secondpoint on the line.

>. /wing the diider counterclockwise to thethird point on the line.

#B4TE* f spacing is too short or too long,lengthen or shorten the diider spacing

slightly and try again. This is a trial anderror method, but a useful method topractice.%



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6o +heetNo 4



2. +roblem! 2onstruct a >J s7uare in the center ofthe working space. ;sing the figure below as aneample, diide lines A!D and !2 into seen e7ualparts locating the corners of the s7uares.2onstruct the s7uares and complete the figure byadding center lines.


" -

C D


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6o +heetNo



M$ASUR$ ANL$S ?IT< A PROTRACTOR

A. Tools and supplies

'. +rotractor-. +encil

. +rocedure

1. +lace the base line or '


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6o +heetNo



2. +roblems! )easure and record the angles shown in theblanks proided.


1 7777777777777 2 7777777777777

3 7777777777777

4 7777777777777

7777777777777% 7777777777777


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+el' Chec891


!earning/le(ent

Drawing Tool) & /0uip(ent

'. )atch the terms on the right with their correct

definitions.LLLL a. At a C@ angle to a gien '. Drawing )ediaplane or line

LLLL b. A line straight up and -. 5ori=ontaldown, perpendicular to thehori=ontal plane

1. nkLLLL c. )ade of graphite with

kaolin added in aryingamounts in order to make >. (ead

the eighteen grades fromthe hardest to the softest

6. +arallelLLLL d. A measuring deice

consisting of a main fiedscale and a smaller . +erpendiculargraduated scale that slidesto obtain fine measurements

. 0ernierLLLL e. Any type of material

upon which an object is

graphically represented


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+el' Chec891


!earning/le(ent


1. Distinguish among the types of drafting machines byplacing the following letters net to the correctdescriptions*

E! Elbow Drafting )achine

+! +arallel ar

0! 0!track Drafting )achine

LLLL a. 5as a protractor head which can be adjusted to anyangle measurement accurate to the nearest 6 minutes of adegree: this protractor head moes on a ertical trackwhich in turn moes on a hori=ontal track.

LLLL b. 5as a protractor head which can be adjusted to anyangle measurement accurate to the nearest 6 minutes of adegree. The protractor head moes in any direction of the

working surface. The head is mounted at the end of twoarms hinged in the middle with a swiel joint.

LLLL c. s a long flat bar similar to a T!s7uare that has ahollow area in its middle through which cable pass. Thesecables work through a series of pulleys, and the ends areattached to a tension bracket. The cables allow it tomoe in a parallel motion up and down the workingsurface.


a c ed '

g h i:


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+el' Chec891


!earning/le(ent


>. (ist two adantages for each type of drafting machine.

a. +arallel bar

'% LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

-% LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

b. Elbow drafting machine



c. 0!track drafting machine



6. dentify parts of a standard protractor head.

a. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL e. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

b. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL f. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLc.LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL g. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

d. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL h. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL


"

-

C

D

/

5

;


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!earning/le(ent


. /elect true statements concerning rules for maintenanceand care of drafting machines by placing an IMJ net to

the true statements.

LLLL a. Geep scales aligned and tight.

LLLL b. /cales can be used as straight edges of cuttingknies.

LLLL c. /cales do not need to be kept clean.

LLLL d. Tighten baseline and protractor wing nuts snugly butnot too tight.

LLLL e. /tore drafting machine with scales protruding oerthe edge of the drafting table.

LLLL f. (ift and moe drafting machine by the scales.

LLLL g. +rotractor heads are hard to adjust: force itnecessary.

LLLL h. Geep band tension adjusted properly.

LLLL i. Geep support clamps loose when not in use.

. dentify the following types of compasses.

a. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL b. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL


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+el' Chec891


!earning/le(ent


''. /elect true statements concerning rules for maintenance

and care of drafting tools and e7uipment by placing an IMJ inthe appropriate blanks.

LLLL a. Do not bend templates sharply.

LLLL b. Templates and scales can be used as straight edgesfor cutting.

LLLL c. Geep all instruments clean and dry.

LLLL d. A circle template can be used as an eraser shield.

LLLL e. Do not hit scales and triangles on edges.

LLLL f. 2ompasses and diiders cannot be oeretended.

LLLL g. 2lean plastic tools with soap and water only.

'-. Distinguish between the types of drafting pencils byplacing an IMJ net to the description of the thin!leadmechanical pencil and an I4J net to the mechanical leadholder.

LLLL a. (ead re7uires sharpening.

LLLL b. (ead does not re7uire sharpening.'1. )atch the types of lead on the right with the deices usedto sharpen them.

LLLL a. ile '. 2ompass leads

LLLL b. /andpaper pad -. )echanical lead!

LLLL c. )etal!cutter lead pointer holder leads

LLLL d. /andpaper!cone lead pointer

'>. dentify the following tools used for inking.a. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL b. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

'6. (ist three types of pen points.

a. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

b. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

c.LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL



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e$ toCorrection


!earning/le(ent


5,

a. ; b. E c. 9 d. F e. 5 f. g. 8 h. 7

7,

a. cures b. eraserc. erasing

shieldd. protractor e. template

f. draftingtable

g. (!s7uareh. bow

diideri. beam j. T!s7uare

8,

a. $ b.1 c. P9,Ad&antages o aparallel *ar

Easy to makehori=ontal lines

)ore accurate thana T!s7uare

0ery little

maintenance /imple to operate

Ad&antages o an el*o#drating mac!ine

ncreases draftingoutput

Fe7uires fewer toolsto operate

(ess epensie than 0!

track machine 2an be aligned to anybase line

Ad&antages o a 1(trac%drating mac!ine

/imple to operate 0ersatile

Accuracy is bettermaintained.

All areas of drafting

board are accessible. ew working parts

,

a. baseplate e. ernier plate

b. protractor f. chuck plate

c. handle g. inde thumbpiece

d. adjusting screw h. scale chuck

;,

a. G d. G h. G

F,

friction bow beam

E,

friction bow proportional



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e$ toCorrection


!earning/le(ent


H,

5ip 2ure leible 2ure rench 2ure Fuled 2ure

5D,

2ircle +iping +lumbing Thread

Ellipse/tructuralsteel shape

2iil sometricellipse

Architectural 5e bolt head Electronic

55,a. G c. G e. G f. G g. G

57,

a. O b. G

58,

a. 5 b. 5 c. 7 d. 7

59,

a. Technicalpen

b. nk riserc. Triangleswith inking

edges

d. nkingerasers

5,

/tainless steel 9ewel

Tungsten!carbide +lotter pens



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+el'Chec8 9 1


Module Drawing Tool) and /0uip(ent

Answer the following Nuestions. 3et the answer sheet fromyour trainer$instructor.

Nuestions/atisfactoryFesponse

The trainee should answer the following questions YES NO

'. )atching of Terms

-. dentifying tools

1. Distinguishing drawing machines

>. Adantages of drawing machines

6. dentifying parts protractor heads

. Fules for maintenance drafting machines

. Types of compasses

. nking tools

'6. types of pen points

The traineeOs underpinning knowledge was P Q /atisfactory P Q Bot satisfactory

eedback to Trainee*

TraineeOs /ignature* Date*

TrainerOs /ignature Date*



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"))e))(ent


Module Drawing Tool) & /0uip(ent

Perormance $&aluation

Assessment 2riteria/atisfactoryFesponse

The trainee will be assessed through the following criteria: YES NO

Answered all the interiew 7uestions

clearly +erformed all actiities accordingly

ollowed all instructions in theactiities

+erformed housekeeping after working

4bsered safety precautions

TraineesO +erformance is*

P Q /atisfactory P Q Bot /atisfactory

eedback to Trainee*

TraineeOs /ignature*Date*

TrainerOs /ignature*Date*



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Learning Element 2

S%etc!ing


)atch terms related to sketching with theircorrect definitions.

/tate purposes of sketching.

/elect true statements concerning rules insketching.

Arrange in order the steps in completing adrawing.

Distinguish between types of sketches.


nformation sheet 8-* /ketching

/elf 2heck

Answer /heet

9ob /heet



Learning Outcomes

Resources

LO


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!earning"cti#it$ 2


(earning 4utcome

nformation sheet -



;sing the 9ob /heet, perform the practices

following the instructions. Ask permission from your instructor.

4bsere safety practices

)aintain cleanliness


ModuleIntroduction



Reading Acti&ity

Sel(C!ec% 7

Practice Tas%


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S)$TC. /ketch ellipses. # Assignment sheet 8>%'6. /ketch an isometric cube. # Assignment sheet 86%'. /ketch an obli7ue cube. # Assignment sheet8%'. /ketch a cone. # Assignment sheet 8 %'


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Terms and "einitionsA. Arc! Any portion of the circumference of a circle.

. Diameter! The distance across a circle passingthrough its center point.

D. Ellipse! A foreshortened circle haing a majorais and a minor ais.

E. ocus #oci% ! +oint#s% which lines come towardeach other or moe away from each other.

. reehand technical sketching! )aking a drawingwithout the use of instrument, yet with care takento obtain the correct line widths.

9. sometric sketch! A sketch based on the objectbeing drawn on three ais spaced '-@ apart.

(. )ajor ais! The ais passing through the fociof an ellipse.

B. )inor ais! The chord of an ellipse passingthrough the center perpendicular to the major ais.

4. 4bli7ue sketch! A sketch that shows the face ofthe object parallel with the plane of projection.

+. 4rigin ! An M, R, or M, R, S coordinate fromwhich all geometry is referenced.

N. +roportioning! Drawing parts of an object in

the same si=e relationship as the object itself.F. Fadius The distance from the center point ofa circle to the 4utside circumference.

0. /ketch lines reehand connections between twoor more points.

In'or(ation+heet 2



A*C

DIA%'T'*

%ajr A6is

%ajr A6is

*adius


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Purpose o S%etc!ing

+reliminary approach to a problem before going to theepense of making an instrument drawing.

To gie the drafter a better picture of the object to bedrawn

or recording notes and technical information in the shop

or field for the future use in the drafting department.

As an aid to Ithink throughJ the solution to anengineering!type problem.

Rules in S%etc!ing

A scale is not re7uired.

/ketches are drawn in proportion.#B4TE* 3ridded paper canbe helpful to keep objects proportional.%

/mall objects are sketched larger than their normal si=e.

reehand lines are rough, not rigid.

(ine contrast should be used.

A soft pencil should be used.

inished line work should be dark and conform to linealphabet standard.

/ketches are dimensioned the same as machine drawings.

In'or(ation+heet 2




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Steps in completing a dra#ing

/elect necessary iews.

lock in lightly the shape of the object.

lock in details in each iew.

Erase unwanted construction lines.

Darken lines.

Types o s%etc!es

Pictorial A picture like, three dimensionaldrawing of an object as it appears to the eye.

Multi(&ie#! A drawing showing the separate iews ofan object, arranged so each iew is related to theother iews.



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In'or(ation+heet 2



2actors in center line usage

;sed to show ais of symmetry#B4TE/* 2enter lines are sometimes called symmetry lines.%

;sed to show the center line of both circles and pathsmotion.

/ymbol for center line is

The center line should be etended J past the isible

line.

(ong dashes should begin and terminate center lines.#B4TE* 2enter lines for small holes can be thin solidlines.%

A gap must be present when a center line is acontinuation of a isible or hidden line.

#B4TE* 2enter lines need not be shown on filleted cornersbecause they are self locating.%

?ays to interpret t!e meaning o lines

A isible or hidden line can mean #indicate% theintersection of two surfaces.

A isible or hidden line can mean #indicate% an edge iewof a surface.

A isible or hidden line can mean #indicate% a contour

iew of a cured surface.

#B4TE* t is necessary to eamine all iewscarefully to determine their meaning since noshading is used on working drawings.%



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In'or(ation+heet 2



Met!ods or proportioning a s%etc!

Approimation by eye method

o 4bject is studied for its arious shapes.

o /i=e of each shape is compared to each other.

o /i=e of shape is compared with oerall width,height, and depth of object. #B4TE* ;se part of theobject as reference point to compare against.%

+encil and eye method The pencil is used as measuringstick to proportion height, width, depth and angels.#B4TE* This is commonly known as an artist techni7ue.%

Actual measurement methods

o /cale

o +roportional diider

o 2alipers

Types o grids a&aila*le or ree!and s%etc!ing

3raph paper! >, 6, < or '@ s7uares per inch.

sometric grid 3raph paper with guide lines at 1@angels from the hori=ontal.

+erspectie grid! 3raph paper that proides anishingpoints and projection lines for one!two!pointperspectie.



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6o +heetNo %



S)$TC


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6o +heetNo %



ASSINM$NT S6?angle, subdiide into '6? angles and then obtain there7uired angle.

Erase all unneeded construction lines.

"irections:

;sing the drawing papers to be proided to you by

your trainer, sketch the following lines byconnecting points A to points .

+roblem A * 0ertical (ines

+roblem * hori=ontal (ines

+roblem 2 * nclined (ines



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6o +heetNo



ASSINM$NT S


53/92

6o +heetNo *



ASSINM$NT S


54/92

6o +heetNo ,



ASSINM$NT49S)$TC< $LLIPS$S

A. 3uidelines for sketching ellipses

'. )ark off major and minor aes on centerlines.

-. o in outlines of the ellipse.

1. /ketch in major and minor arcs of ellipse.

>. Fotate wrist in a curing motion andconnect arcs.

6. Erase construction lines and darken ellipsesoutline.

. +roblems* /ketch three ellipses using the gienapproimate measurements.



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'. UJ major ais, KJminor ais

-. -J major ais, 'J minor ais

1. -J major ais, K I minor ais

6o +heet

No 1.



"++I;NM/NT +


56/92

1cm M 1cm M 1cm

6o +heet

No 11



ASSINM$NT S


57/92

. Eraseconstruction lines.

. +roblem* /ketch an obli7ue cube using the

dimensions -J-J-J and >cm M 1cm M >cm.

+el' Chec892


!earning/le(ent

+8etching

'. )atch the terms below with their correctdefinitions.

LLLLLLLa. A point at which lines come toward eachother or moe away from each other.

LLLLLLLb. A foreshortened circle haing a major aisand a minor ais.

LLLLLLLc. )aking a drawing without the use ofinstruments, yet with care taken to obtain thecorrect line widths

LLLLLLLd. The chord of an ellipse passing through

the center & perpendicular to the technicalmajor ais.

LLLLLLLe. The distance from the center point of thecircle to the outside circumference.

LLLLLLLf. The ais passing through the foci of anellipse.

LLLLLLLg. Any portion of the circumference of acircle.

LLLLLLLh. The distance across a circle passingthrough its center point.

LLLLLLLi. A sketch based on the object being drawnon three ais spaced '-@V apart.

LLLLLLLj. Drawing parts of an object in the samesi=e relationship as the object itself.

'. Arc . Diameter '1. Digiti=e

-. )ajor ais


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LLLLLLc. lock in lightly the shape of the object.

LLLLLLd. Darken lines.

LLLLLLe. lock in details in each iew.

6. Distinguish between the types of sketches byplacing an IMJ net to the description of apictorial sketch.

LLLLLLa. A drawing showing the separate iews of anobject, arranged so each iew is related to theother iews.

LLLLLLb. A picture like, three!dimensional drawingof an object as it appears to the eye.

+el' Chec892


!earning/le(ent

+8etching

. /elect true statements concerning factors incenter line usage by placing an IMJ net to the truestatements.

LLLLLLa. 2enter lines are used to show ais of

symmetry.LLLLLLb. The symbol for center line is W.

LLLLLLc. The center line should etend 'J past theisible line.LLLLLLd. (ong dashes should be begin and terminatecenter lines.

. ill in the blanks in the following sentence onways to interpret the meaning of lines.

A isible or hidden line can meanLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

4rLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

LLLLLLLLLL



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To gie the drafter a better picture of the object to be drawn

or recording notes and technical information in the shop orfield for the future use in the drafting department.

As an aid to Ithink throughJ the solution to an engineering!type problem.

8, A scale is not re7uired.

/ketches are drawn in proportion.#B4TE* 3ridded paper can behelpful to keep objects proportional.%

/mall objects are sketched larger than their normal si=e.

reehand lines are rough, not rigid.

(ine contrast should be used.

A soft pencil should be used.

inished line work should be dark and conform to line alphabetstandard.

/ketches are dimensioned the same as machine drawings.

9,

a. 9 b. 5 c. 7 d. e. 8

,

b. G

;,

a. G d. G

e$ toCorrection

Unit Prepare & Interpret Technical Drawing!earning/le(ent

+8etching

F,

A isible or hidden line can mean #indicate% theintersection of two surfaces.

A isible or hidden line can mean #indicate% an edge iew of

a surface.

A isible or hidden line can mean #indicate% a contour iew

mmgsibal Page %1 03/08/2008


62/92

of a cured surface.

E,

Approimation by eye method

+encil and eye method

Actual measurement methods

H,

3raph paper! >, 6, < or '@ s7uares per inch.

sometric grid 3raph paper with guide lines at 1@ angelsfrom the hori=ontal.

+erspectie grid! 3raph paper that proides anishing pointsand projection lines for one!two!point perspectie.

+el'

Chec8 9 2


Module +8etching

Answer the following Nuestions. 3et the answer sheet fromyour trainer$instructor.

Nuestions/atisfactoryFesponse

The trainee should answer the following questions YES NO

'. Defining$)atching of Terms

mmgsibal Page %2 03/08/2008


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-. +urposes of sketching

1. Fules in sketching

>. /e7uence of sketching

6. Types of sketches

. ;sing of center lines

. )eaning of lines


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65/92

)atch terms related to technical drawing withtheir correct definitions.

/tate purposes of different lines.

;se correct line representations in describingobjects through drawing.

Arrange in order the steps in completing adrawing.

Distinguish among types of lines.


nformation sheet 81* Alphabet of lines

/elf 2heck Answer /heet

9ob /heet

!earning"cti#it$ 3



(earning 4utcome nformation sheet 1


Resources

Reading Acti&ity


66/92




Ask permission from your instructor. 4bsere safety practices )aintain cleanliness


ModuleIntroduction



Alp!a*et o Lines

UNIT OB0$CTI1$

After completion of this unit, the student should be able tostate the purpose and meaning of arious types of drawinglines. The student should also be able to sketch objects using

the correct lines to accurately graphically represent objectsand. 2ompetencies will be demonstrated by completing the

mmgsibal Page %% 03/08/2008

Sel(C!ec% 8

Practice Tas%


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assignment sheets, job sheet, and the unit tests with aminimum score of


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T'P$O2LIN$

"$SCRIPTION

PURPOS$

R$PR$S$NTATION

OB0$CTLIN$

Thick

boldline

Toshowthe

isiblesides$shapeoftheobject


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$GT$

NSIONLIN$

(ines

thatetendfromtheobjectwitha

slightbreak inbetween

Toshowdimensioningpoints

"IM$NSIONLIN$

(ines

witharrow

heads,unbrokeneceptwhere

dime

nsion isplaced

Touchtheetension

linesandshowsthedistance

gien bydimensions

In'or(ation+heet 3



L$A"$RLIN$

Afinestraightlinewithan

arrowheador

roundsoliddot

+oints

directlytotheobject forthepurpo

se

mmgsibal Page %, 03/08/2008

#$)T

#$)T

#$)T

/.0


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71/92

lineor aseries oflongdashes.

onthedrawing.Theselinesare

orientedertically,

hori=ontally orat anactual

angleat

whichthepartis

shown

S$CTIONLIN$S

/eries offinelines

,solid

,solidand

broken,

arrangedin

specific

patterns.

Theymaybe

showneithe

rstraightor

cured.Hhenshown

straightthey

Toindicatetheimaginary

cutsurface

referredto bythecutting

planeline.

Torepresentarious

kindsof

materials.


+T$$1 )A+T I2#"& 3A11$A1$I2#"& 4$"$2A1 5+$ 6#2

A11 3AT$2IA1+

)#PP$2& 2A++&2#"7$& A"D)#3P#+ITI#"

7I")& 1$AD& 89IT$3$TA1& AITT A"D

A11#:+

3A4"$+I53& A153I"53& andits A11#:+


72/92

areusually

drawnat>6?

angle,

howeerthisanglewillarywhenapplied toadjacent

part.

In'or(ation+heet 3



C


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S


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6o +heetNo 12



llustrate the following objects as indicated in theinstructions.

A. Draw the object below using the obli7ue method.ollow the metric measurements


('CTI14 $I4'

C'4T'* $I4'

$'AD'* $I4'

.30

.30

.20

.30

.30

.30


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. Draw the object below using the isometric method.ollow the metric measurements.

+el' Chec893


!earning/le(ent

"lphaet o' line)

dentify the ollowing (ines, write the names ofeach line in the opposite blank bo.


#$)T

/.0

A A

.30

.30

.30

.30

.20

.20


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e$ toCorrection


!earning/le(ent

"lphaet o' !ine)

'. 2enter line

-. /hort break line

1. 2utting plane line

>. +hantom line

6./teel

. Dimension line


#$)T


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. Hhite metal


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eedback to Trainee*



Learning Element 4

Ort!ograp!ic 1ie#s


)atch terms related to orthographic drawing withtheir correct definitions.

/tate purposes of orthographic drawing.

;se correct representations in describing theprincipal ies through orthographic drawing.


Learning OutcomesLO


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Arrange in order the steps in completingorthographic iews.


nformation sheet 8>* 4rthographic iews

/elf 2heck Answer /heet

9ob /heet

!earning"cti#it$ 4



(earning 4utcome

nformation sheet >


mmgsibal Page *. 03/08/2008

Resources

Reading Acti&ity

Sel(C!ec% 9


81/92



Ask permission from your instructor.

4bsere safety practices )aintain cleanliness


In'or(ation

+heet 4



ORT


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. (ine precedence ! (ines that are more importantto show than others

3. )ulti!iew drawing ! A drawing of a mechanicalpart that shows eact si=e by looking straight atthe object from one to si positions.

5. 4rthographic projection ! Fight angleprojection* projector lines are parallel to eachother perpendicular to the plane of projection.#B4TE* This is one method used to create a multiiew drawing%

. +rojection lines ! (ines used to etend fromone iew to the net iew.

9. True si=e! A surface or line that is shownin its actual si=e

B. 0isuali=e ! To form a mental picture orimage.

In'or(ation+heet 4



Pro@ection system

'. All iews are projected onto planes lying*et#eenthe object and iewer

-. ;sed in the ;nited /tates, 2anada, and other

countries

Planes o pro@ection

A. rontal plane ! ;sed for front iews

. +rofile plane ! ;sed for right and left side iews

#B4TE* The frontal and profile planes are bothertical planes%

2. 5ori=ontal plane! ;sed for top and bottom iews

mmgsibal Page *2 03/08/2008


83/92

Steps in &isuali=ing an ort!ograp!ic pro@ection

A. 0isuali=e by looking at the actual object or pictureof the object.

. To obtain iews, project the lines of sight to eachplane of projection from all points on the object.

2. Fotate all planes until they align with frontalplane of projection.

D. 0isuali=e the si possible iews of the object that arereoled into the same planes on a drawing surface.

E. nspect iews and determine those needed to ade7uatelyrepresent the object

1ie#s possi*le in ort!ograp!ic pro@ection

A. Top

. ottom

2. ront

D. Fear

E. Fight side

. (eft side

In'or(ation+heet 4



Principal &ie#s in ort!ograp!ic pro@ection

A. Top

. ront

2. Fight side

#NOT$:4ther iews may be used if needed to showfeatures that are hidden in the principal iews.%

Steps in selecting correct &ie#s o an o*@ect

A. /elect the number of iews necessary torepresent the object. This

)ay re7uire only one iew or as many asall si iews.

. /elect the front iew which*



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'. est describes contour shape.

-. 2ontains the least number of hiddenlines

1. s usually the longest iew

>. /hows object in normal position

2. /elect alternate position for right sideiew if drawing area is crowded.

D. /elect iew positions to aoid crowding ofdimensions and notes

Basic dimensions o an o*@ect

A. 5eight Distance between two hori=ontalplanes #bottom to top%

. Hidth #length% Distance between twoprofile planes #left side to

Fight side%

2. Depth Distance between two frontalplanes#front to back%

In'or(ation+heet 4



PRO0$CTION BOG

The projection bo is an imaginary bo wherein theobject shall be placed in to easily identify thethree principal iews needed the TOPJ 2RONT andSI"$1ie#s, 3shown in the figure $illustration below6


PERSPECTIVE


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ST$PS IN PRO0$CTIN

Step 5:dentify and illustrate the front iew ofthe object from the base line and project all thelines of the drawn figure.

Front View

In'or(ation+heet 4



Step 7:dentify and illustrate the top iew ofthe object leaing a space of at least fiecentimeters from the front iew and project all thelines of the drawn figure.

mmgsibal Page * 03/08/2008

B!e

0.50

Pro"e#tion $ine! PR%&ECTI%' B%(


86/92

Step 8:)ake a >6=angle line from the corner of

the front iew. Then project the lines downward tothe base line starting from the corners of theintersected lines of the >6X angle. Draw the figureof the side iew.

In'or(ation+heet 4



Step 9:Hrite all the details needed #measurements

and names of the figures%, write all the detailsoutside, do not put it in the projection area thenerase all the projected lines.

mmgsibal Page *% 03/08/2008

32

2

3

.

T%P


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/ome measurements are not written, since it may beincluded in the whole measurement of the objectside. An eample is on the front and side iew. Thewhole measurement of the height is 6 centimeters:you can use your math for the measurement of themiddle section. '.6 Y -.6 Z 9,DJ therefore 6.@ >.@

Z 5,D which is the measurement of the middle sectionof the side iew. This system is used to aoid oercrowding the area of the details like in the topiew.

f the area for writing in the detail of a section,instead of using the inside arrow line you may usethe outside arrow line as shown in the top iew.

In'or(ation+heet 4



ASS$MBLIN T


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Steps in assem*ling t!e parts:

Step 5:ollow the procedures of sometric drawing.2reate first the 1@X angles used in creatingisometric figures.

In'or(ation+heet 4



Step 7:llustrate or draw the F4BT iew first,following the gien measurements. +roject the sideiew after completing the front iew.

mmgsibal Page ** 03/08/2008

3.@ 3.@

,.@


89/92

Step 8:llustrate or draw the /DE iew accordingto the details or measurements gien.

In'or(ation+heet 4



Step 9: +roject the remaining lines that willcomplete the top iew. After completing the figure,erase all unnecessary lines or the projection lines.

mmgsibal Page *, 03/08/2008


90/92

6o +heetNo 13



A, dentify the 1 principal iews of the objectbelow. #T4+,F4BT and right /DE iew%. Allmeasurements are in centimeters.

mmgsibal Page ,. 03/08/2008

3.0

3.0

).0


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A, dentify the 1 principal iews of the objectbelow. #T4+,F4BT and right /DE iew%. Allmeasurements are in centimeters.

"))e))(ent


!earning/le(ent

Orthographic Drawing

Perormance $&aluation

Assessment 2riteria/atisfactoryFesponse

The trainee will be assessed through the following criteria: YES NO

Answered all the interiew 7uestions

mmgsibal Page ,1 03/08/2008

3.0

3.0

1.5

1.54.0

2.02.0

3.0

3.0

T%P

FR%'T SIDE


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clearly

+erformed all actiities accordingly

ollowed all instructions in theactiities

+erformed housekeeping after working

4bsered safety precautions



eedback to Trainee*



M"RC M! ; +I-"!+enior T/+D +peciali)t

Documents

Module 5 - Techdrawing