Module 5 counselling to suit the client part b

Module 5 Part B:

Using the Right Counselling Technique

CHCCSL506A

Apply counselling therapies to address a

range of client issues

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Unit Description

• This unit describes the knowledge and skills relating to using

a range of counselling techniques to assist clients in dealing

with a variety of life issues

(c) Copyright CTA CHCCSL506A, MODULE 5 Part B Version Date: 10.3.13

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Use techniques from a range of counselling

techniques

• 1.1 Work with knowledge of at least five counselling

techniques

• 1.2 Identify the applications, benefits and limitations of

common counselling techniques in the context of own work

role

• 1.3 Demonstrate the application of counselling techniques

and processes from these approaches

• 1.4 Combine counselling techniques and processes from

different approaches in an effective way


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A Summary of Contemporary Counselling

Models

1. Psychoanalytic

Psychotherapy

2. Behaviourism

3. Humanistic counselling –

Cognitive Therapy

4. Person-centered

psychotherapy

5. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

6. Gestalt therapy – the ‘aha’

experience


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Models cont.

7. Neuro Linguistic

Programming

8. Cognitive Behavioural

Counselling or Therapy (CBT)

9. Narrative Therapy

10. Solution Focused Therapy

11. Emotional Release

Counselling

12. Hypnosis and Guided

Imagery Techniques


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Models cont.

13. Eye-Movement

Desensitisation and

Reprocessing (EMDR)

14. Thought-field therapy

15. Brain Gym

16. Be Set Free Fast

17. TheoPhostic Ministry

(Spiritual Healing Technique)


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1. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy

• Sigmund Freud

• ID

– Base desires

• EGO

– Our conscious mind

• SUPEREGO

– Our conscience


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• B.F.Skinner

• Watson

• We are stimulus/response

creatures… we move

towards reward and avoid

punishment

• Thinking… is a nonsense

concept


2. Behaviourism

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3. Humanistic counselling – Cognitive Therapy

• In the 1950s, both Psychoanalytic

theory and Behaviourism were

challenged by humanist thought

as being too pessimistic about

human nature.

• Humanism is a theoretical

orientation that emphasises the

unique qualities of humans,

especially their freedom and their

potential for personal growth.


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Humanist contribution

• Carl Rogers and Abraham

Maslow took an optimistic

view of human nature.

• They forged the basis of

Cognitive Therapy, which

emphasises the importance

of thinking and changing

our thinking in order to

influence positive human

behaviour.


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4. Person-centered psychotherapy

• Person-Centered Therapy

(PCT), also known as

Client-centered therapy or

Rogerian Psychotherapy,

was developed by the

humanist psychologist Carl

Rogers in the 1940s and

1950s.

• It is one of the most widely

used models in mental

health and psychotherapy.


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Person Centered Therapy

• The basic elements of

Rogerian therapy involve

showing congruence

(genuineness), empathy,

and unconditional positive

regard towards a client.

• Based on these elements

the therapist creates a

supportive, non-judgmental

environment in which the

client is encouraged to

reach their full potential.


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How it works…

• PCT is used to help a person achieve

personal growth and/or come to terms

with a specific event or problem.

• PCT is based on the principle of talking

therapy and is a non-directive approach.

• The therapist encourages the client to

express their feelings and does not

suggest how the person might wish to

change, but by listening and then

mirroring back what the client reveals to

them, helps them to explore and

understand their feelings for themselves.


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The client decides…

• The client is then able to

decide what kind of

changes they would like to

make and can achieve

personal growth.

• Although this technique has

been criticized by some for

its lack of structure and set

method, it has proved to be

a hugely effective and

popular treatment.


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The 6 conditions for change

1. Therapist-Client

Psychological Contact

• A relationship between

client and therapist must

exist.

• It must be a relationship

in which each person's

perception of the other is

important.


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6 conditions cont.

2. Client incongruence or

Vulnerability

• That incongruence exists

between the client’s

experience and

awareness.

• Furthermore, the client is

vulnerable to anxiety

which motivates them to

stay in the relationship.


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6 conditions cont.

3. Therapist congruence

or Genuineness

• The therapist is

congruent within the

therapeutic relationship.

• The therapist is deeply

his or herself - they are

not “acting” - and they

can draw on their own

experiences (self-

disclosure) to facilitate

the relationship.


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6 conditions cont.

4. Therapist Unconditional

Positive Regard (UPR)

• The therapist accepts the

client unconditionally,

without judgment,

disapproval or approval.

• This facilitates increased

self-regard in the client,

as they can begin to

become aware of

experiences in which their

view of self-worth was

distorted by others.


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6 conditions cont.

5. Therapist Empathic

understanding

• The therapist experiences an

empathic understanding of

the client’s internal frame of

reference.

• Accurate empathy on the

part of the therapist helps the

client believe the therapist’s

unconditional love for them.


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6 conditions cont.

6. Client Perception

• That the client perceives, to

at least a minimal degree,

the therapist’s Unconditional

Positive Regard and

empathic understanding.


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5. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs


Self-actualization

Needs

Self-esteem Needs

Love and Belongingness Needs

Safety Needs

Physiological Needs

Currently unsatisfied but felt needs are “Motivators”

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6. Gestalt therapy – the ‘aha’ experience


• Frederick (Fritz) Perls

founded the Gestalt Therapy

which emphasizes the present

‘here and now’.

• Perls encouraged clients to

take responsibility for their

actions without blaming either

the past or others

• He concentrated on raising

client’s awareness of current

bodily sensations, emotional

feelings and related thoughts

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7. Neuro linguistic programming (NLP)

• NLP has three main elements:

– The ‘Neuro’ refers to neurology

i.e. how mind and body are

linked through the nervous

system.

– The ‘Linguistics’ is about

language i.e. how we influence

each other and ourselves by the

use of language.

– The ‘Programing’ is about

repeated sequences of thought

and behaviour i.e. how we act to

gain our goals and the

consequences of our actions.


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8. Cognitive Behavioural Counselling or

Therapy (CBT)

• Albert Ellis

• The ABC system!

• Change the way you think…

change the way you feel and

act…

• Many counsellors use CBT… it

is one of the most researched

therapeutic interventions


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ABC (and D & E)


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9. Narrative therapy

• ‘Storying’

• Lewis and Butler practiced

what they called ‘life review

therapy’

• David Epston and Michael

White continued to develop

this

• Alternate life scripts… where

you don’t play the victim… or

aggressor


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Narrative Therapy

• The problem is the

problem, as opposed to the

person being the problem

• E.g. “When did the

depression first come…”

instead of “When did you

first get depressed…”

• This language change

externalises rather than

internalises the problem


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10. Solution focused therapy

• Milton Erickson placed emphasis on turning perceived deficits into resources

• ‘Amplify what is already working, look for times when the client has been successful in the past and for times when the client has used coping skills successfully’

• St Luke’s Innovative Resources which include the Strength and Bear Cards series

• www.stlukes.org.au

• or phone 03 54401100


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11. Emotional release counselling


• Patricia and Michael

Nolan

• This therapy builds on the

notion that our problems are

due to repressed emotion,

and that by expressing the

emotion we can resolve

issues

• www.turnarounddevelopme

nt.com.au/cal1.html

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12. Hypnosis and guided imagery techniques


• Hypnosis is based on the

assumption that the rigidity

of the conscious mind blocks

painful memories or ways of

thinking, which, if unblocked,

may lead to a cessation of

painful emotions.

• Therapy is therapist-led…

and moves clients into

deeper states of relaxation

until they are in a

suggestible state.

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13. Eye-Movement Desensitisation and

Reprocessing (EMDR)

• Francine Shapiro

• Simulating Rapid Eye Movement in

sleep cycle… assisting the brain to

make sense of traumatic or

disturbing events, imagery, sounds,

feeling, meaning.


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EMDR explained…

• EMDR is primarily used for

trauma reduction

• The eye movements tend to

take the client back to the

original distressing event that

wasn’t ‘processed’ and helps

the brain to make sense of it

in a more positive way

• This in effect puts the trauma

‘to bed’ and allows the person

to live without the event

blockage which tends to

dominate their lives


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EMDR continued

• EMDR has been

successfully used for pain

relief for chronic pain

sufferers as pain is

somewhat similar to trauma

in its impact on the nervous

system

• EMDR can also be used for

self esteem and a myriad of

other issues. It is a “miracle

therapy”.


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14. Thought field therapy


• Dr. Callahan – the author

• This intervention is designed

to stimulate different parts of

the brain, such as touch,

singing, reciting, movement

etc. These reduce distress for

the client.

• The algorithm is a tapping

sequence which is performed

on the Meridian points around

the head, top half of the body

and the hands.

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15. Brain gym

• Dr. Paul Dennison, a pioneer

in the field of applied brain

research.

• Brain Gym is a program

consisting of 26 simple and fun

physical activities designed to

enhance connections of the

brain’s neural pathways and

integrate the entire brain.

• The end result is an increased

ability to learn and improved

performance.


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Brain Gym


• Brain Gym consists of

simple movements, many

similar to those

accomplished by children

as they go through various

stages of development.

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16. Be set free fast


• Dr Larry Nims PhD

• BSFF is an Energy Therapy

method for eliminating the

emotional roots and self-

limiting belief systems that

are embedded in the

subconscious mind, and

which automatically

determine and control most

of our experience, self-

expression and behavior.

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BSFF

• This therapy involves

tapping while repeating

positive statements about

the ‘self’.

• BSFF is an adapted version

of thought field therapy.

(simpler)


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17. TheoPhostic Ministry (spiritual healing)


• Dr Ed Smith

• ‘Lies’ or negative beliefs we hold

about ourselves are at the basis

of our emotional pain and not the

actual event.

• Pinpointing the lies in time and

inviting God to bring truth and

light to these events brings lasting

change to negative feelings,

thoughts and behaviours, says

the author – a Christian Minister

and psychologist.

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Traditional Spiritual Healing

• Many cultures and traditions have

their own Spiritual Healers who

practice a combination of ritual and

herb medicine interventions with

great impact for the sufferer.

• While in some cultures this may be

seen as superstition and not helpful,

if the person themselves holds a

deep belief about the usefulness of

treatment, then we know that the

subconscious mind is able to

respond in quite a miraculous way!


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Confirm suitability of counselling techniques in

specific situations

• 2.1 Clarify specific client needs and issues and agreed

desired changes to be addressed, including analysis of

client’s developmental status and response to change

• 2.2 Identify application and limitations of identified

counselling techniques in addressing client needs, issues and

goals

• 2.3 Identify client and counsellor roles in therapeutic process

in relation to a range of counselling techniques

• 2.4 Identify own level of comfort and/or issues in relation to

using identified counselling techniques

• 2.5 Select most appropriate counselling technique(s) for

application in identified situations


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Finding the right therapy…

• It is always important to find the

right therapy for your client

• Not all people are the same

• People of different ages

appreciate different styles of

counselling

• We all as counsellors have our

preferences… but it is always

about matching the right

intervention with the person

before us… their personality,

presenting issue and

expectation.


• At the end of the day, we

need to be confident in

what we do!

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Apply counselling techniques to address specific

client issues and/or needs

• 3.1 Demonstrate appropriate and effective use of counselling

techniques in assisting clients to deal with a range of issues

• 3.2 Use counselling skills appropriately in the context of each

counselling modality and technique

• 3.3 Explain rationale for using specific techniques and

evaluate effectiveness of the technique in context

• 3.4 Review own role as counsellor and in applying each

technique and identify areas for improvement and/or changes

in approach for the future

• 3.5 Identify indicators of client issues requiring referral and

report or refer appropriately, in line with organisation

requirements


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Practice, practice, practice…

• Throughout this course you will be introduced to a range of

therapeutic interventions.

• You will have a chance to learn them, practice them with

scenarios and then with real clients… usually your fellow

students.

• It is important that you are willing to be a guinea pig in the

process…

• Pick smaller issues that you don’t mind sharing with fellow

students…

• If you need counselling for larger issues… speak to your

trainer.


Documents

Module 5 counselling to suit the client part b