Module 5 (2.456)Input Output Storage Devices

8/2/2019 Module 5 (2.456)Input Output Storage Devices

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

Self Access Learning Module

Computer HardwareCOMPUTER PARTS & COMPONENTS

INPUT DEVICESOUTPUT DEVICESSTORAGE DEVICES

PUSAT PERKEMBANGAN KURIKULUMKEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

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ICTL For Secondary School - HARDWARE Module

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MODULE 5

INPUT DEVICESOUTPUT DEVICES

STORAGE DEVICES

Curriculum Development CentreMinistry of Education Malaysia




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1. Name of Module : Computer Parts and Components –Input Devices, OutputDevices and Storage Devices.

2. Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to:

a. identify and list the input devices

b. state the respective functions of input devices

c. identify and list the output devices

d. state the respective functions of output devices

e. identify and list the storage devices

f. state the functions of storage devices

g. identify the differences between primary and secondary storage

devices

h. state the units for data measurement

3. Knowledge and Skills

a. identify main components of computer system

b. state the computer system unit

c. identify the different types of peripheral

4. Module Summary: At the end of the module, students should be able to identify

input, output and storage devices and their functions respectively.

This module contains 3 activities:

Activity 1: Input devices

Activity 2: Output devices

Activity 3: Storage devices




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Activity 1: INPUT DEVICES

Input devices are electronic devices connected to a computer that produce input signals.Below are some of the examples of input devices.

A keyboard is an example of input device for typing text.

Figure 1.1 - Keyboard

A scanner is an example of input device for copying graphic aswell as text input.

Figure 1.2 - Scanner

A microphone (Figure 1.3) is an example of inputdevice used for audio input. A webcam (Figure 1.4)

is an example of an input device for video input.

Figure 1.3 - Microphone

A mouse is also an input device but it is called a pointing deviceused to input data into a computer.

Figure 1.5 - Mouse

Figure 1.4 - webcam




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a. Input Devices for Texts

Input devices for text is used to enter information into the computer by pressing the keys

on a keyboard (Figure 1.6), virtual keyboard (Figure 1.7) on the screen, Optical reader(Figure 1.8) or Bar Code reader (Figure 1.9).

An optical reader is a device that uses a light source to read characters, marks andcodes and then converts them into digital data, that a computer can process.

b. Input Devices for Graphics

Input devices for graphics are used to capture images. For example, a scanner (Figure1.10) is an input device that captures images from photographic prints, posters,

magazine pages and similar sources for computer editing and display.

A digital camera (Figure 1.11) is used to take pictures and store the photographedimages digitally.

Figure 1.11 - DIGITAL CAMERAFigure 1.10 - SCANNER

Figure 1.6 - KEYBOARD Figure 1.7 - VIRTUALKEYBOARD

Figure 1.8OPTICAL READER &

Figure 1.9 BAR CODEREADER




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c. Input Devices for Audio

Audio input is the speech, music and sound effects entered into the computer. Thiscan be done using input devices such as a microphone (Figure 1.12) and digital

musical instruments like the Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) keyboard(Figure 1.13).

d. Input Devices for Video

Video input are motion images captured into the computer by special input devices.

A Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) (Figure 1.14) video camera is a type of digitalvideo camera that enables a home or small business user to capture video and stillimages.

A webcam (Figure 1.15) is a video camera that displays its output on a web page, inthe internet.

A digital video camera (Figure 1.16) allows the user to record full motion and storethe captured motion digitally.

Figure 1.12 - Microphone Figure 1.13 – Midi Keyboard

Figure 1.14 – CCTV Camera Figure 16 – Digital Video CameraFigure 1.15 – Webcam




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e. Pointing Devices

A pointing device is another form of input device. Pointing devices such as a mouse,trackball, graphics tablet and touch screen are used to input spatial data into thecomputer.

Spatial data refers to data that is continuous and multi-dimensional.

Figure 1.17 - Figure 1.18 - trackball Figure 1.19 – graphicstablet

Figure 1.20 – touch




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Activity 2: OUTPUT DEVICES

An output device is hardware that is capable of delivering or showing information to oneor more users. An output device shows, prints and presents the results of a computer’s

work.

Types of Output Devices

a. Monitor

A display device is an output device that visually conveys texts, graphics and videoinformation.

A monitor is an example of an output device that can be used to display text. It can also

display graphics and video. It is similar to a television set that accepts video signals froma computer and displays information on its screen. LCD Monitor (Figure 2.1) is anexample of output device.

Figure 2.1 - LCD MONITOR

Figure 2.0 – Examples of output devices




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b. Printer

A printer is an output device that can be used to print text, apart from graphics, onmediums such as paper, transparency film or even cloths.

A photo printer is a colour printer that produces photo quality pictures. An image setterproduces high quality output compared to an ordinary laser printer. An image setter is ahigh resolution output device that can transfer electronic text and graphics directly tofilm, plates, or photo-sensitive paper.

c. Audio

An audio output device produces music, speech or other sounds. A pair of speakers is

an audio output device that generates sound. The headphone is a pair of small speakersplaced over the ears and plugged into a port on the sound card. A woofer or subwooferis used to boost the low bass sound and is connected to the port on the sound card.

Figure 2.2 - Examples of output devices

SPEAKER HEADPHONE WOOFER

Figure 2.3 – Examples of audio devices




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d. Other output devices

Other output devices include Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projectors and facsimile(fax) machines. A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector uses its own light source toproject what is displayed on the computer on a wall or projection screen. A digital lightprocessing (DLP) projector uses tiny mirrors to reflect light which can be seen clearlyin a well-lit room.

Figure 2.4 - Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)




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Activity 3: STORAGE DEVICES

What Is Computer Storage?

Information and documents are stored in a computer storage so that it can be retrievedwhenever they are needed later on.

Computer storage holds of data in an electromagnetic form to be accessed by a computerprocessor.

Types of Computer Storage

1. Primary storage2. Secondary storage

a. PRIMARY STORAGE

Primary storage is the main memory in a computer. It stores data and programs that canbe accessed directly by the processor.

Types Of Primary Storage

There are two types of primary storage which are RAM and ROM.

RAM is a short form for Random-Access Memory which means thedata and program in RAM can be read and written.

Figure 3.1

ROM is a short form for Read-Only Memory. The data or program inROM can just be read but cannot be written at all.

Figure 3.2

PENDRIVE DISKETT HARD DISK CD-ROM

Figure 3.0 – Storage Devices




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Random-Access Memory (RAM)

RAM is installed inside computers. RAM is also known as aworking memory.The data in RAM can be read (retrieved) or written (stored).RAM is volatile which means the programs and data in RAMare lost when the computer is powered off.A computer uses RAM to hold temporary instructions anddata needed to complete tasks. This enables the computerCPU (Central Processing Unit) to access instructions anddata stored in the memory very quickly.RAM stores data during and after processing.

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

ROM is another type of memory permanently stored inside thecomputer.ROM is non-volatile. It holds the programs and data when thecomputer is powered off.Programs in ROM have been pre-recorded. It can only bestored by the manufacturer once done, it cannot be changed.It has complex functions such as start up operating instructions,translators for high-level languages and operatingsystems are placed in ROM memory.All the contents in ROM can be accessed and read but cannotbe changed.

b. SECONDARY STORAGE

Secondary storage is another alternativestorage to keep your work and documents. Itis very useful to store programs and data forfuture use.

It is non-volatile, which means thatit does not need power to maintain

the information stored in it. It willstore the information until it is erased.

Figure 3.3 - RAM

Figure 3.4 - ROM

Figure 3.5 – Secondary Storage




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Types Of Secondary Storage

Figure 3.6 Examples of Secondary Storage

Magnetic Medium

Magnetic Medium is a non-volatile storage medium. It can beany type of storage medium that utilizes magnetic patterns torepresent information. The devices use disks that are coatedwith magnetically sensitive material. Example of magnetic

storage are:

magnetic disk such as:a floppy disk, used for off-line storagehard disk, used for secondary storagemagnetic tape; including video cassette, audiostorage reel-to-reel tape and others.




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Optical Medium

Optical Medium is a non-volatile storage media that holdscontent in digital form that are written and read by a laser. Thesemedia include various types of CDs and DVDs.

These following forms are often commonly used :

CD, CD-ROM, and DVD: Read only storage, used fordistribution of digital information such as music, video and computer programmes.

CD-R: Write once storage, the data cannot be erased or written over once it is saved.CD-RW, DVD-RW and DVD-RAM: Slow to write but fast reading storage; it allows

data that has been saved to be erased and rewritten.

Optical media has more advantages over magnetic media such as the disk capacity.One optical disk holds about the equivalent of 500 floppy disks worth of data. Durability

is another feature of optical media, they are able to last for up to seven times as long astraditional storage media.

Flash Memory

Flash Memory is a solid-state, non-volatile, rewritable memory thatfunctions like RAM and a hard disk drive. Flash memory store bits ofelectronic data in memory cells just like DRAM (Dynamic RAM), but italso works like a hard disk drive. Flash memory cards and flash

memory sticks are examples of flash memory.

Flash memory cards are also used with digital cellular phones, MP3players, digital video cameras and other portable digital devices.

Flash memory is also called USB drives, thumb drives, pen drivesor flash drives which are the up-and coming players in the portablestorage market.

The advantages of flash memory are: offers fast reading accesstimes among the secondary storage devices (though not as fastas RAM) it is durable and requires low voltage. It is also light andsmall.

The disadvantage is, it is more expensive than the magneticdisk of the same capacity.




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c. THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STORAGE

PRIMARY STORAGE SECONDARY STORAGE

Known as the main memory of a computer. Alternative storage in a computer.

RAM / ROM.Examples : Floppy disc, Hard disk, CD-ROM,USB drive

Storage capacity is limited. Storage capacity is larger.

An internal memory (inside the CPU) thatcan be accessed directly by the processor.

Refers to various ways a computer can storeprogram and data.

Has a volatile memory for RAM and non-volatile memory for ROM.

Is non-volatile, which means that it does not

need power to maintain the informationstored in it.

Units for data measurement

Bit

Byte

Kilobyte (KB)

Megabyte (MB) Gigabyte (GB)

Basic terminology

8 Bits = 1 Byte 1024 Byte = 1 KB 1,048,576 Bytes = 1024 KB = 1 MB

1,073,741,824 Bytes = 1024 MB = 1 GB




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Exercise 1

Fill in the blank with the correct word.

Laser printer Output device Flash cardTape Bar code Pen driveFlat panel monitor

1. Identification code consists of vertical line and spaces of different width is knownas _________________________

2. __________ storage requires sequential access.

3. A _____________ is commonly used as the ‘film’ for digital cameras.

4. __________________ is any type of hardware component that conveys information

to one or more people.

5. An LCD monitor is also called _______________ that produces harp, flicker freeimages.

6. A ______________ is a flash memory storage device that plugs in a USB port.

7. _____________ is a high speed, high quality non impact printer.




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Exercise 2

Identify the type of input these devices produce. Tick (/) in the appropriate column

Devices Text Audio Graphics Video Pointing

1. Microphone

2. Keyboard

3. Webcam

4. Scanner

5. Bar Code Scanner

6. Mouse

Exercise 3

Mark on the types of output each device produces.

Device Text Graphic Audio Video

Monitor

Printer

LCD Projector

Speakers

Headphone

Facsimile Machine




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Exercise 4

Tick (/) the correct answer.

No QUESTIONS T RUE FALSE

1 A display device is an output device that visually conveys text.

2 Microphone produces music.

3A Photo printer is a colour printer that produces photoquality pictures.

4Output is the result of raw input data that has been processed by

the Central Processing Unit into meaningful information.

5A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector uses its own lightsource to project what is displayed on the computer on awall or projection screen

6A digital light processing (DLP) projector uses large mirrors toreflect light which can be seen clearly in a welllit room.

7A video camera is an electronic device used to capture andstore photographs digitally

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photograph

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photograph

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics




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Exercise 5

Convert the following storage to the particular measurement

1. 1 GB = ______ MB 2. 1024 KB = ______ Bytes

3. 2 GB = ______ KB 4. 1024 MB = ______ GB

5. 10 GB = ______ MB 6. 2000 KB = _______ MB

7. 2 MB = ______ KB 8. 4800 MB = _______ GB

9. 6 MB = ______ Bytes 10. 100 GB = _______ MB




Reference

Cashman, S. (2006) Discovering Computers 2006 . USA : Thomson Course Technology.

Ibrahim Ahmad, Mohd Hafiz et al (2007) Information and Communication Technology (ICT)Based on SPM Syllabus . Selangor: Venton Publishing (M) Sdn Bhd.

NCC Education (2002) Computer Studies, Computer Ace . Sri Lanka : Computer Pioneers.

Basic Computing (2003) by TMEdu Tech (M) Sdn Bhd

http://www.wikipedia.org

http://images.search.yahoo.com

http://www.google.com.my

CD courseware ICT, PPK KPM

Documents

Module 5 (2.456)Input Output Storage Devices