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Module 3
Four Types of Character Education
Supporting by Philosophical and Scientific
Theories
AUTONOMYAUTONOMY
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AL Prudential
EducationSocial
Education
CulturalEducation
Moral EducationMoral Education
HETERONOMYHETERONOMY
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Human Nature Good
Human Nature Bad
CivicEducation
These types of education that constitute character education when combined were drawn from Moral Education for Americans by Robert Heslep and published by Praeger in 1995
FOCUS ON AUTONOMYFOCUS ON AUTONOMY
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FOC
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ValuesCentered
Personal- Values
Centered
Reciprocal- Relationship
Centered
Reciprocal- Relationship
Centered
Universal- PrinciplesCentered
Universal- PrinciplesCentered
FOCUS ON HETERONOMYFOCUS ON HETERONOMY
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Human Nature Good
Human Nature Bad
Responsible- CitizenshipCentered
Responsible- CitizenshipCentered
Developed by Gordon Vessels ©
FOCUS ON AUTONOMYFOCUS ON AUTONOMY
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& B
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A Morality ofContemplation
Free ChoiceConation
A Morality ofConsonanceCooperationConscience
A Morality ofConvictionInculcation
Commitment
A Morality ofComraderyConformityConnection
PROCESS-ORIENTED PROGRESSIVES
CONTENT-ORIENTED TRADITIONALISTS
FOCUS ON HETERONOMYFOCUS ON HETERONOMY
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Human Nature Good
Human Nature Bad
Developed by Gordon Vessels ©
FOCUS ON AUTONOMYFOCUS ON AUTONOMY
FO
CU
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on
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& B
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LIE
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FreedomCreativity
CompetitionSelf-Regulation
FreedomCreativity
CompetitionSelf-Regulation
MaturationFacilitation
CooperationParticipation
MaturationFacilitation
CooperationParticipation
MotivationInspirationHabituation
Indoctrination
MotivationInspirationHabituation
Indoctrination
Progressive Methods and Outcomes
Traditional Methods and Outcomes
FOCUS ON HETERONOMYFOCUS ON HETERONOMY
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Human Nature Good
Human Nature Bad
ObligationInculcation
SocializationTransmission
ObligationInculcation
SocializationTransmission
Developed by Gordon Vessels ©
FOCUS ON AUTONOMYFOCUS ON AUTONOMY
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& B
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PoliticalPhilosophyLiberal Arts
Creative Arts
PoliticalPhilosophyLiberal Arts
Creative Arts
Social Psychology
PsychobiologyPsychology
Social Psychology
PsychobiologyPsychology
Moral PhilosophyTheology
History; Ethics
Moral PhilosophyTheology
History; Ethics
PROGRESSIVE EDUCATION PROGRESSIVE EDUCATION
TRADITIONAL EDUCATIONTRADITIONAL EDUCATION
FOCUS ON HETERONOMYFOCUS ON HETERONOMY
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Human Nature Good
Human Nature Bad
SociologyCultural
AnthropologyPolitical Science
SociologyCultural
AnthropologyPolitical Science
Developed by Gordon Vessels ©
FOCUS ON AUTONOMYFOCUS ON AUTONOMY
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Study, and Philosophical DescriptorsStudy, and Philosophical Descriptors
FOCUS ON HETERONOMYFOCUS ON HETERONOMY
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Human Nature GoodHuman Nature Good
Human Nature BadHuman Nature Bad
Sectarianism
Virtue Ethicism
Moral Dogmatism
Moral Objectivism
Moral Determinism
Moral Universalism
Moral Authoritarianism
Moral Foundationalism
Sectarianism
Virtue Ethicism
Moral Dogmatism
Moral Objectivism
Moral Determinism
Moral Universalism
Moral Authoritarianism
Moral Foundationalism
Collectivism
Civic-Liberal
and Post-Liberal
Communitarianism
Moral Socialization
Teleological Ethicism
Contractarian Ethicism
Act & Rule Utilitarianism
Collectivism
Civic-Liberal
and Post-Liberal
Communitarianism
Moral Socialization
Teleological Ethicism
Contractarian Ethicism
Act & Rule Utilitarianism
Related Philosophies, Types of Scientific Related Philosophies, Types of Scientific
Liberalism
Individualism
Eudaimonism
Libertarianism
Ethical Egoism
Moral Emotivism
Moral Subjectivism
Rights-Based Ethicism
Liberalism
Individualism
Eudaimonism
Libertarianism
Ethical Egoism
Moral Emotivism
Moral Subjectivism
Rights-Based Ethicism
Moral Agency
Civic-Liberalism
Social Liberalism
Social Constructivism
Rational Utilitarianism
Deontological Ethicism
Affective and Cognitive
Developmentalism
Developed by Gordon Vessels ©
FOCUS ON AUTONOMYFOCUS ON AUTONOMY
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EpicurusSocrates
ProtagorasBenedict Spinoza
Friedrich NietzscheJean-Jacques RousseauJ. Paul Sarte; John LockeIsaiah Berlin; John RawlsAdam Smith; Ann Rand
John Stuart Mill; Alfie Kohn Theodore Sizer
MenciusRene Descartes
Immanuel Kant Henry Giroux; David HumeW.D. Ross; William JamesJohn Wilson; Elliot Turiel; Josiah Royce; John Dewey
Martin Hoffman; Paulo FreireJean Piaget; Jerome Kagan
Lawrence Kohlberg; William Damon; Erik Erikson
AristotlePlato; Confucius
St. Thomas AquinasChristina Hoff SommersKevin Ryan; E.D. Hirsch
Stanley HauerwasThomas LickonaWilliam KilpatrickArthur Schwartz
Thomas Green; Ed WynneWilliam Bennett; Allan
Bloom
Georg W. HegelEmile Durkheim
Cicero; EpictetusJeremy Bentham
Alasdair MacIntyreLawrence Kohlberg
Alexis de TocquevilleThomas Hobbes; S. Freud
James Q. Wilson; Karl MarxJean Elshtain; Robert TaylorAmitai Etzioni; Peter Benson
Associated Philosophersand Scientific Theorists
FOCUS ON HETERONOMYFOCUS ON HETERONOMY
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Human Nature Good
Human Nature BadHuman Nature BadThe quadrant placements of these theorists and advocates for character-building were made by
Dr. Gordon Vessels based on his current and limited understanding of their work. Further study and/or feedback from those still living and other experts could reveal misplacements, which will be corrected.
FOCUS ON AUTONOMYFOCUS ON AUTONOMY
FO
CU
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on
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DIV
IDU
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& B
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SF
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Aristotle Plato; ConfuciusSt. Thomas Aquinas
Christina Hoff SommersKevin Ryan; E.D. Hirsch
Stanley HauerwasThomas Lickona; Ed
WynneWilliam KilpatrickArthur Schwartz
Thomas Green; Allan Bloom William Bennett
FOCUS ON HETERONOMYFOCUS ON HETERONOMY
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CU
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MU
NIT
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Georg W. HegelEmile DurkheimCicero; Epictetus
Alexis de TocquevilleJeremy Bentham
Jean Elshtain; Robert Taylor
Thomas Hobbes; S. Freud
Alasdair MacIntyreJames Q. Wilson; Karl
MarxLawrence Kohlberg
Amitai Etzioni; Peter Benson
MenciusRene Descartes
Henry Giroux; Elliot Turiel; John Wilson; David HumeT. Jefferson; William JamesImmanuel Kant; W.D. Ross Josiah Royce; G. H. Mead;
John Dewey; Martin HoffmanJean Piaget; Jerome Kagan
Lawrence Kohlberg; William Damon; Erik Erikson
MenciusRene Descartes
Henry Giroux; Elliot Turiel; John Wilson; David HumeT. Jefferson; William JamesImmanuel Kant; W.D. Ross Josiah Royce; G. H. Mead;
John Dewey; Martin HoffmanJean Piaget; Jerome Kagan
Lawrence Kohlberg; William Damon; Erik Erikson
EpicurusSocrates Protagoras
Benedict SpinozaFriedrich Nietzsche
Jean-Jacques RousseauJ. Paul Sarte; John LockeIsaiah Berlin; John RawlsAdam Smith; John S. Mill; Paulo Freire; Ann Rand; Theodore Sizer; Alfie Kohn
Aristotle Confucius Martin Hoffman Howard Kirschenbaum Marvin Berkowitz
William Damon Philip Vincent
Robert Heslep John Dewey
David Hume
The quadrant and circle placements of these theorists and advocates for character-building were made by Dr. Gordon Vessels based on his current and limited understanding of their work. Further study
and/or feedback from those still living and other experts could reveal misplacements, which will be corrected.
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