Module 3 Course Manual - aromalyne.comaromalyne.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Level-3...Aromalyne Training Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (VTCT) 1 Christina Lyne Ltd©2017 Module

Aromalyne Training Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (VTCT)

1 Christina Lyne Ltd©2017

Module 3

Course Manual

Christina Lyne [email protected]



Instructions for Module 3 Please take some time to read through this module and then answer the questions in the Module 3 workbook. Once you have completed the workbook please email it to me for marking to: [email protected] I recommend that you also carry out some background reading to support your learning during this module to help you answer the questions in the workbook. Main topics covered by Module 3:

• Handling, Storage and Safety of working with Essential Oils

• Contra-indications and Contra-actions

• Essential Oil profiles

o Black Pepper

o Cedarwood, Atlas

o Chamomile German

o Chamomile Roman

o Geranium

o Ginger

o Lemongrass

o Neroli

o Patchouli

o Sandalwood

mailto:[email protected]



Essential Oils and their Safety Precautions

Essential oils are volatile substances and so certain safety precautions must be followed when using them to ensure a safe and effective treatment with no adverse effects upon the client. The following safety precautions should be followed:

▪ Carry out a risk assessment of the area of work and how to safely handle all items to be used for the treatment.

▪ Use products in the correct way and with the correct amount.

▪ Always work in a well-ventilated room. ▪ Air the treatment room in between clients.

▪ Allow yourself a decent break between clients.

▪ Use clean towels and couch roll for each client.

▪ Have trolley or work area laid out with all the equipment you need

prior to treatment or making of the product.

▪ Ensure you have a way of clearing spillages safely and correctly.

▪ Electrics – no trailing of wires and make sure the electrics are tested annually.

▪ Always take a fully detailed consultation from the client prior to

the first treatment.

▪ If your client has a medical condition that gives you cause for concern refer them to their GP before carrying out a treatment.

▪ Always make sure you have clean hands and containers and the work area is clean.

▪ Always keep individual essential oils in a sealed container or box.



▪ Never take essential oils internally.

▪ Never apply undiluted essential oils to the skin.

▪ Keep essential oils away from eyes.

▪ Always use sensible proportions of essential oil in a blend.

▪ Avoid prolonged use of the same essential oil. Ensure the use of a variety of oils over a course of treatments.

▪ Carry out a patch test if your client has sensitive skin or suffers

from allergies.

▪ Never use essential oils that you are not familiar with.

▪ Always keep a full and accurate record of the essential oils used in a blend with dilutions for each client.



Handling and Storage of Essential Oils

Essential oils are volatile substances so great care must be taken when handling and storing essential oils. The following guidelines must be followed:

▪ Keep all equipment clean and stored safely.

▪ Store in dark amber glass bottles with tight lids to prevent evaporation.

▪ Store in normal to cool temperatures out of direct sunlight.

▪ Keep away from naked flames and extreme temperatures as

essential oils are highly flammable.

▪ Ensure you are careful when handling the essential oil bottles so that your skin does not come into contact with the oil and you then risk transferring that oil from your hands to more sensitive areas (nose, face and neck).

▪ Store all essential oils out of reach of children.

▪ Wash hands thoroughly in between clients to remove as much

of the oil as possible.

▪ Do not use essential oils if your skin is cracked and sore.

▪ Monitor stock control and rotation.

▪ Ensure there are methods of dealing with breakages/spillages in the treatment environment.

▪ Record of product data sheets.

▪ Be aware of the shelf life of essences, fixed oils, other media

and blended products.



▪ Be aware of current legislative controls and guidelines for the use of aromatherapy products and the implications for client safety.

▪ Use and store treatment equipment appropriately. ▪ Be aware of COSHH – Control of Substances Hazardous to

Health



Contra-indications Contra-indications are precautions that need to be considered prior to aromatherapy treatment. These are relevant both to an aromatherapy massage and if you are making a product using essential oils. If you are making any products for a client with essential oils you should always check during their consultation for the following:

▪ Sensitivities and allergies – a client may have sensitive skin or be allergic to an essential oil. Always patch test prior to using a new product, if treating someone new to aromatherapy or if there is any concern that there may be an adverse reaction.

▪ Pregnancy – some essential oils should not be used during

pregnancy. Always check your chosen oils prior to application.

▪ Breastfeeding – some essential oils should not be used during breastfeeding as they will enter the bloodstream. Always check your chosen oils prior to application.

▪ Epilepsy – some oils are stimulants and therefore could encourage

an epileptic fit. Always check your chosen oils prior to application.

▪ Blood pressure – sedative oils can contribute to low blood pressure and stimulants can contribute to high blood pressure. Always check your chosen oils prior to application.

▪ Babies and small children – do not use essential oils on babies or

small children. What is a patch test? Put a small amount of the product on a plaster and apply the plaster to a discreet part on the forearm. Leave for 2-4 hours and then lift the plaster. If there is redness or any other reaction do not use the product.



If you are carrying out an aromatherapy massage observe the following precautions:

▪ If the client has an abnormal temperature avoid treatment and refer to their GP.

▪ If the client is experiencing their menstrual cycle then avoid

massaging the abdomen area.

▪ Do not massage if the client has just eaten a heavy meal.

▪ Do not massage areas of inflammation, infection, broken skin, bruises, fractures, varicose veins or scars.

▪ Pregnancy – only give massage if trained in special techniques for

early and late stages of pregnancy.

▪ If the client has had major surgery obtains doctor’s advice – generally wait 6 weeks to 3 months before giving a massage.

▪ If the client has had minor surgery do not massage over the area

until it is completely healed. It is safe to massage lightly around the area after 1 week.

▪ If the client suffers from Hyperthyroidism use light gentle massage

to avoid over-stimulation.

▪ If the client has received a recent inoculation do not treat within 36 hours of the inoculation.

▪ If the client is taking medication, recreational drugs or alcohol

advise them that due to the increase in circulation resulting from the massage any effects may be magnified.

▪ Do not give an aromatherapy massage if the client has had

osteopathy or acupuncture on the same day as the proposed massage.



▪ Some essential oils are a contra-indication to homoeopathy - ask the client to check with their homoeopath prior to a treatment. Peppermint is one of these oils.

▪ If the client has a medical condition, for example, cancer, heart

disease or diabetes, ask them to seek medical advice prior to the treatment.

Remember if the client is not able to receive a massage aromatherapy treatment can be given using other applications such as compresses, burning oils, footbaths, creams, lotions etc. Contra-indications that may prevent or restrict a treatment The following contra-indications that prevent or restrict a treatment – if your client is under the care of a medical practitioner for a condition then informed consent is required.

• Cardiovascular conditions – thrombosis, phlebitis, hypertension, hypotension, heart conditions

• Haemophilia

• Any condition already being treated by a GP or another complementary practitioner

• Contagious skin disorder – impetigo, herpes simplex, herpes zoster or tinea corporis

• Skin allergies

• Medical oedema

• Osteoporosis

• Nervous/psychotic conditions

• Epilepsy

• Recent operations

• Diarrhoea

• Vomiting

• Diabetes

• Asthma

• Any dysfunction of the nervous system – Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s Disease, Motor Neurone disease

• Cancer

• Undiagnosed pain



• Undiagnosed lumps

• When taking prescribed medication

• Severe varicose veins

• Recent head or neck injury

• Haemorrhage

• Meningitis

• Fever

• Contagious or infectious diseases

• Under the influence of alcohol or recreational drugs

• Skin disorders – boils, folliculitis, warts, verrucae or tinea pedis

• Inflammation/swelling

• Pregnancy (abdomen)

• Breast feeding

• Cuts/Abrasions/Bruises

• Scar tissue (2 years for major operation and 6 months for small scar)

• Sunburn

• Abdomen (first few days of menstruation depending on how the client feels)

• Hormonal implants

• Haematoma

• Recent fractures (minimum of 3 months)

• Hernia

• After a heavy meal

• Hypersensitive skin

• Neck problems

• Migraine



Contra-actions Also known as 'the healing crisis' - Contra-actions can occur during or after a treatment therefore it is vital to give the appropriate after care advice. Some contra-actions in aromatherapy massage include; erythema (reddening of skin) can occur, which means oxygen and nutrients are being delivered around the body and removal of toxins are encouraged, clients may experience soreness in muscles due to the release of toxins and the nerves responding to the massage, reaction to the carrier and essential oils (remove the product), clients may feel a little emotional, possibly tearful due to release of tension, nausea, headache (rest, drink water, fresh air), dizziness (rest, deep breathing), flu like symptoms, increased tiredness, increase in toilet habits i.e. urination, bowel movements, increase in perspiration, insomnia, vivid dreams, cold like symptoms, hunger, thirst and an increase emotions i.e. tearful, happy, laughing. If a contra-action occurs then the massage treatment will need to be adapted to suit the client, discuss with the client what is happening and give after care advice and you might even have to give a first aid response.



Black Pepper Piper Nigrum

Black pepper is a woody vine that grows to approximately 5 metres in height. It is native to India but has been introduced to Indo-China, Thailand and Malaya. It has heart-shaped leaves and small white flowers. The oil is extracted from the dried peppercorns that turn from red to black as they mature. It was used by the Egyptians in mummification as evidenced by the discovery of black pepper in the nostrils and abdomen of Ramses II. Indian monks ate several black peppercorns a day to give them endurance during their travels. In ancient time pepper was a valuable as gold and silver. Traditional Chinese healers used pepper to treat cholera, malaria and digestive problems. Black pepper is very stimulating to the mind and body and is particularly effective on the muscular and digestive system. Plant source: Dried and crushed black peppercorns. Plant family: Piperaceae Country of origin: Madagascar, Ceylon, England Method of production: Steam distillation. Aroma characteristics: Spicy, hot and very sharp. Odour intensity: High Note: Middle Blends well with; Bergamot, Cypress, Frankincense, Geranium, Grapefruit, Lavender, Lemon, Palmarosa, Rosemary, Sandalwood and Ylang Ylang. Main chemical constituents; Features sesquiterpenes 20-30%, monoterpenes 70-80%, small amounts of ketones, phenols and alcohols.



Black pepper’s key properties are: Analgesic Antimicrobial Antiseptic Antispasmodic Carminative Detoxicant Diuretic Febrifuge Laxative Nervine analgesic Rubefacient Stimulant Stomachic Tonic Stimulant (circulatory) Aromatherapy use: Skin: Chilblains, feeling cold and Raynaud’s Disease. Circulatory System: Poor circulation and anaemia. Digestive System: Colic, constipation, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, nausea, weak digestion, flatulence and toxins in the digestive tract. Immune System: Colds, flu, viral infections and fevers. Respiratory System: Excess mucous. Muscular-skeletal System: Muscular aches and pains, poor muscle tone, joint pain and stiffness, arthritis, neuralgia, strain and sprains. Nervous System: Pain and neuralgia. Psychological profile: Black Pepper is useful for indifference, lethargy, melancholy and mental fatigue. Safety Data: Non-toxic, non-sensitising, it is a rubifacient so exercise caution, use in low dosage to avoid irritation. Use during Pregnancy: Use in small amounts and well diluted. Black Pepper is grounding and helps to disperse congested and stuck feelings.



Cedarwood Cedrus atlantica

Traditionally, Cedarwood has been used in medicines. The Egyptians used it for embalming the dead. It was used as both a traditionally medicine and incense in Tibet. The Native Americans used the leaves, bark twigs or fruit for respiratory infections with excess catarrh, arthritis, rheumatism, skin rashes and kidney infections. The aroma of Cedarwood stimulates the Limbic region of the brain (the centre of emotions), stimulates the pineal gland which then releases melatonin. Terry Friedman MD found in clinical tests that this oil was able to successfully treat ADD and ADHD (attention deficit disorders) in children. Cedarwood is recognised for its calming and purifying properties. Plant source: Bark Plant family: Pinaceae (pine) Country of origin: Morocco and USA Method of extraction: Steam distillation Aroma characteristics: Mild, sweet balsamic, dry aroma Odour intensity: Medium Note: Base Blends well with: Benzoin, Cypress, Juniper, Patchouli, Pine, Rose, Sandalwood and Vetivert. Main chemical constituents: Sesquiterpenes as cadinene, cedrene, thujopsene, cuparene, 60%; alcohols as cedrol, cedrenol, widdrol, 30%.



Cedarwood’s key properties are: Antiseptic Anti-spasmodic Antidepressant Astringent Abortifacient (internally) Circulatory stimulant Emmenagogue Expectorant Sedative Aromatherapy Use: Skin Care: Acne, dermatitis, eczema, dandruff and scalp problems, psoriasis and greasy hair. Respiratory System: Bronchitis, catarrh, cough and sinusitis. Urinary System: Cystitis Nervous System: Nervous tension and stress-related problems. Muscular-skeletal System: Aches and pains, stiffness, arthritis and rheumatism. Other uses: Combined with Citronella makes an excellent insect repellent. It is also excellent for hair loss. Psychological Profile: Cedarwood is uplifting, strengthening but also calming and purifying. Safety Data: Relatively non-irritant though some individuals may react with some local, acute irritation and sensitisation. On ingestion it is abortifacient (capable of inducing an abortion). Use during Pregnancy: DO NOT USE DURING PREGNANCY



Chamomile (German) Matricaria Recutita

According to Culpeper, the Egyptians dedicated this herb to the sun since it cured fevers (heat). Others say it is a moon herb because it has a cooling effect. Certainly the Egyptian priests recognised its soothing properties where nervous complaints were concerned. It has come down in history as the plants’ physician because it cures other shrubs when planted nearby. German Chamomile is a strongly aromatic herb with delicate feathery leaves and daisy-like white flowers. The essential oil is an inky-blue, sticky viscous liquid. It contains Azulene which is a powerful anti-inflammatory agent. Plant source: Flower heads of herb. Plant family: Asteraceae or Compositae (daisy) Country of origin: Utah, Idaho, Egypt, Hungary Method of extraction: Steam distillation from flowers. Aroma characteristics: A strong sweet-herbacecous aroma. Odour intensity: Very high Note: Middle Blends well with; Bergamot, Benzoin, Clary Sage, Geranium, Jasmine, Lavender, Lemon, Patchouli, Marjoram, Neroli, Rose and Ylang Ylang. Main chemical constituents: Features a high percentage of alcohols as α-bisabolol, 35% and sesquiterpenes as chamazulene, farnesene, 20%; oxides as α-bisabolol oxide; ethers as cis-spiro ether (4-8%), en-yn-dicycloether.



German Chamomile’s key properties are: Analgesic Anti-inflammatory Anti-neuralgic Antiseptic Antispasmodic Antibacterial Antifungal Antioxidant Digestive carminative Cicatrisant Emmenagogue Hepatic Muscle relaxant Stomachic Vermifuge Vulnerary Insect Repellant Aromatherapy Use: Skin: Acne, allergies, boils, burns, cuts, chilblains, dermatitis, earache, eczema, thread veins, rashes, inflammation, insect bites, rashes, sensitive skin and wounds. It is also beneficial in hair care and teething in infants. Muscular-skeletal System: Arthritis, inflamed joints, muscular pain, swelling, strains and sprains. Circulatory System: Hypertension and blood vessel dilation. Digestive System: Dyspepsia, colic, indigestion, nausea, colitis, diarrhoea (including in children), liver congestion, gallstones and jaundice. Respiratory System: Colds, flu and fever. Immune/Lymphatic System: Infections, fevers and earache. Genito-urinary System: Vaginal thrush, PMS, fluid retention, depression, menopause and alleviates labour pain. Nervous System: Headache, pain (especially dull), insomnia, neuralgia, nervous tension, migraine, irritability, anxiety and stress-related complaints. Psychological Profile: German Chamomile is useful mental or emotional upset, irritability and depression. It can dispel anger, stabilise emotions and helps to release emotions linked to the past. Soothes and clears the mind.



Safety Data: Non-toxic, generally non-irritant, non-sensitising but can cause dermatitis in some individuals. Use during Pregnancy: Use in small amounts and well diluted. The chamomile herb has been investigated and found to relieve chemotherapy and radiation-induced mucositis (ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs, 2003).



Chamomile (Roman) Chamaemelum Nobile

Chamomile has been found to be used by the Egyptians and is discussed in Dioscoride’s herbal. Roman chamomile was one of the nine herbs held sacred by the Saxons. It was used for digestion, sprains, jaundice and malarial fever. It is milder with a more pleasant aroma than German chamomile. It is known as the ‘plant’s physician’ because it keeps plants around it healthy. It was introduced to Germany from Spain in the 16th Century and is best known for its soothing and calming effects on the emotions as well as physical conditions; skin, digestive and nervous systems. It is also marketed as an herbal tea. Plant source: Flower heads of herb. Plant family: Asteraceae or Compositae (daisy) Country of origin: Utah, France Method of extraction: Steam distillation. Aroma characteristics: A strong apple-like aroma, sweet and warm. Odour intensity: High Note: Middle Blends well with; Bergamot, Clary Sage, Geranium, Jasmine, Lavender, Neroli and Rose. Main chemical constituents: Features esters, oxides, monoterpenes, alcohols, ketones, sesquiterpenes, aldehyes, traces of lactones and coumarins, and acids.



Roman Chamomile’s key properties are: Analgesic Anti-inflammatory Anti-neuralgic Antidepressant Antiseptic Antispasmodic Bactericidal Carminative Digestive Emmenagogue Febrifuge Hepatic Hypnotic Nerve sedative Stomachic Sudorific Tonic Vermifuge Vulnerary Aromatherapy Use: Skin: Acne, boils, burns, cuts, chilblains, dermatitis, earache, eczema, inflammation, insect bites, rashes, sensitive skin, wounds. Circulation, muscles and joints: Arthritis, inflamed joints, muscular pain, neuralgia, rheumatism, sprains. Digestive System: Dyspepsia, colic, indigestion, nausea. Reproductive System: Menopausal problems. Nervous System: Headache, insomnia, nervous tension, migraine and stress-related complaints. Psychological Profile: Roman Chamomile is useful for anger, anxiety, fear, hysteria, irritability, melancholy, overactive mind, sensitivity, nervous tension, stress, weepiness and excessive worry. Safety Data: Non-toxic, generally non-irritant but can cause dermatitis in some individuals. Use during Pregnancy: Use in small amounts and well diluted. Roman Chamomile calms and uplifts, clears mental paralysis (mental ‘antispasmodic’) and is cooling and balancing.



Geranium Pelargonium Graveolens

Geranium is a balancing and regulating oil, which tends to balance extremes, whether on the physical or emotional level. It has been used in traditional African medicine when the roots of certain species were used for diarrhoea. It was introduced to Britain in 1632 but Geranium became more popular in the 1840s when the French recognised the perfume qualities of the oil. Traditionally, Geranium was highly valued for its deep healing properties and was planted around the garden to ward off bad spirits. It is mild but has a very strong effect on the nervous system; it stimulates the lymphatic system and helps to eliminate waste products from the body. It promotes circulation and is extremely beneficial to the skin. Plant source: Flowers and leaves of the plant. Plant family: Geraniaceae Country of origin: Egypt, India Method of extraction: Steam distillation. Aroma characteristics: Strong, sweet and heavy aroma, reminiscent of Rose but with minty overtones. Odour intensity: High Note: Middle Blends well with; Bergamot, Clary Sage, Grapefruit, Jasmine, Lavender, Neroli, Orange, Petitgrain, Rose, Rosemary and Sandalwood. Main chemical constituents: Features alcohols, esters, aldehydes, sesquiterpenes, oxides, terpenes and ketones.



Geranium’s key properties are: Anti-haemorrhagic Anti-inflammatory Antidepressant Antiseptic Astringent Deodorant Diuretic Fungicidal Haemostatic Hormone regulator/balancer Stimulant (to adrenal cortex and lymphatic system) Tonic (liver & kidneys) Vermifuge Vulnerary Aromatherapy Use: Skin: Acne, bruises, broken capillaries, burns, congested skin, cuts, dermatitis, eczema, dandruff, oral infections, thrush, fungal infections, haemorrhoids, lice, oily complexion, mature skin, ringworm, ulcers, wounds. Circulatory System: Cellulitis, oedema, poor circulation. Digestive System: Diarrhoea, flatulence, gastric ulcers, colitis, jaundice, diabetes. Respiratory System: Sore throat, tonsillitis. Endocrine System: Menopausal problems, pre-menstrual syndrome. Lymphatic System: Fluid retention, cellulite. Nervous System: Nervous tension, neuralgia, stress-related conditions, restlessness and depression. Urinary System: Cystitis Other Uses: Insect repellent (especially mosquitoes). Psychological profile: Balancing to the mind. Geranium is helpful for anxiety, confusion, depression (particularly linked to hormones), mental lethargy, moodiness, sadness and tearfulness.



Safety Data: Non-toxic, non-irritant, generally non-sensitizing but may cause dermatitis in hypersensitive individuals. It may cause restlessness if used excessively. Use during Pregnancy: Do not use during first 3 months. Geranium integrates the mind and body and balances extremes.



Ginger Zingiber officinalis

Ginger has been used for millennia. It was valued by ancient Greeks, who imported it from the east, and was highly valued in the Middle Ages. It is important in Chinese, Ayurvedic and Far Eastern medical systems. The Spanish introduced its cultivation to the West Indies. Distilled ginger water has been used to help cataracts. Ginger root is one of the most versatile of medicines and should always be kept on hand. It was traditionally used to combat nausea. Women in the West African country of Senegal weave belts of ginger root to restore their mates’ sexual potency. Plant source: Dried ground root of the plant Plant family: Zingiberaceae (ginger) Country of origin: India, China Method of extraction: Steam distillation Aroma characteristics: Warm, woody and spicy aroma Odour intensity: Medium Note: Middle Blends well with: Citrus oils, Cedarwood, Coriander, Frankincense, Juniper, Patchouli, Sandalwood and Vetivert. Main chemical constituents: Features; a-pinene, camphene, b-pinene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, borneol, y-terpineol, nerol, neral, geraniol, geranial, geranyl acetate, b-bisabolene and zingiberene.



Ginger’s key properties are: Antiseptic Analgesic Antispasmodic Aperitif Anti-inflmmatory Antitussive Aphrodisiac Anticoagulant Bactericidal Carminative Digestive stimulant Expectorant Febrifuge Laxative Rubefacient Stomachic Tonic Aromatherapy Use: Skin Care: Placed over areas of pain and stiffness. Circulatory System: Poor circulation, varicose veins, angina and disperses clots. Respiratory System: Coughs, colds, sinus congestion, flu, sore throat and bronchitis. Digestive System: Weak digestion, nausea, diarrhoea, constipation, flatulence, dyspepsia, hangover and cramp. Immune System: Fevers, flu and inflammations. Muscular-skeletal System: Aches and pains, osteo-arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, sprains, strains, muscular spasms and fatigue. Nervous System: Spasms, cramps, neuralgia, pain, debility and exhaustion. Psychological Profile: Ginger is helpful for apathy, burnout, confusion, lack of direction, lack of focus, loneliness, resignation and sadness. Safety Data: Non-toxic, non-irritant in normal doses; slightly phototoxic and may cause sensitisation in some individuals so use in low doses. Use during Pregnancy: Use in low dilutions. Ginger is balancing, warming and cordial.



Lemongrass Cymbopogon Citrates

Lemongrass is traditionally used as a remedy for indigestion, dyspepsia, vomiting, fevers, colic and flatulence. It is a perennial fragrant grass growing up to 1.5 metres. The sliced stems are used in Thai cooking. It is native to tropical southern India/Sri Lanka and is cultivated widely in the West Indies, East India (Travancore), south-east Asia, Africa and Central America. Lemongrass is a very powerful antiseptic, is useful in combating infection and is used for purification and digestion. It is a valuable stress-relieving oil with a pleasant fresh aroma. Plant source: Fresh and partially dried aromatic grass. Plant family: Poaceae (Gramineae) Country of origin: India, Guatemala Method of production: Steam distillation. Aroma characteristics: Sweet and lemony, fresh grass aroma. Odour intensity: Medium to high. Note: Top Blends well with: Frankincense, Geranium, Jasmine, Lavender, Neroli, Palmarosa, Rosemary and Tea Tree. Main chemical constituents: Features aldehydes as citral which give it the characteristic odour, monoterpenes, alcohols, sesquiterpenes, ketones, esters and acids.



Lemongrass’s key properties: Analgesic Antidepressant Antiseptic Astringent Antifungal Antibacterial Antiparasitic Anti-inflammatory Bactericidal Carminative Deodorant Digestive Diuretic Febrifuge Nervine Tonic Aromatherapy use: Skin: Especially effective for oily skins, acne, open pores, athlete’s foot, warts, deters pests, excessive perspiration, tonic to the skin and connective tissue. Digestive System: Flatulence, indigestion, liver sluggishness, weak digestion, colic, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Circulatory System: Stimulates circulation and dilates the vessels. Immune System: Colds, flu, infections and fever. Muscular-skeletal System: Tired, aching muscles, fatigue, muscle strain/sprain, neuralgia, arthritis and rheumatic pain. Nervous System: Nervous exhaustion, headaches, depression, low moods, exhaustion and stress-related conditions. Urinary System: Water retention and cellulite. Reproductive System: Stimulates milk flow. Respiratory System: Sore throat and fever. Psychological profile: Lemongrass is helpful for lack of assertiveness, lack of mental clarity, lack of focus and judgement, nervous exhaustion and nervous tension. Safety Data: Best used in low proportions as it has the potential to cause skin irritation and sensitisation.



Use during Pregnancy: DO NOT USE DURING PREGNANCY Lemongrass is refreshing, it cools and soothes hot emotions like anger and frustration.



Neroli Citrus Aurantium

Neroli oil is extremely expensive but the perfume is absolutely exquisite. Neroli is extracted from the orange blossom. The bitter orange tree is an evergreen tree growing up to 8 metres with spiny branches and very fragrant flowers. Neroli makes a wonderful facial oil and massage blend, helping to regenerate skin cells and improve skin elasticity. It is one of the most suitable oils to use for nervous tension, insomnia and stress-related conditions and it has a very positive calming influence on the mind and body so is very effective for emotional shock. Plant source: Freshly picked orange blossom flowers of the evergreen tree. Plant family: Rutaceae Country of origin: Tunisia Method of extraction: Solvent extraction for an absolute. Steam distillation to produce a hydrolat. Aroma characteristics: Very sweet, floral aroma with a bitter undertone. Odour intensity: Medium Note: Middle to Base Blends well with; Benzoin, Bergamot, Clary Sage, Geranium, Jasmine, Lavender, Lemon, Orange, Palmarosa, Petitgrain, Rose, Rosemary, Sandalwood and Ylang Ylang. Main chemical constituents: Features alcohols, terpenes, esters, aldehydes and ketones.



Neroli’s key properties: Antidepressant Antiseptic Antispasmodic Bactericidal Carminative Cytophylactic Digestive Cordial Fungicidal Hypotensive (lowers blood pressure) Nervine stimulant Sedative Tonic – cardiac & circulatory Aromatherapy use: Skin: Effective for all skin types especially dry, sensitive and mature skins, scars, stretch marks, broken veins and wrinkles. Digestive System: Diarrhoea, colic, flatulence and stress-related digestive problems such as IBS. Circulatory System: Poor circulation and palpitations. Endocrine System: Pre-menstrual syndrome. Nervous System: Anxiety, depression, nervous tension, stress, shock and PMS. Psychological profile: Neroli is comforting and warming to the spirit. It is helpful for anxiety, depression and emotional exhaustion. Safety data: Non-toxic, non-irritating, non-sensitising and non-phototoxic. Use during Pregnancy: Use in small amounts and well diluted. Hydrolats of Neroli are excellent facial toners.



Patchouli Pogostemon Cablin

Patchouli oil is distilled from the dried branches of the bushy patchouli plant and is a member of the lavender family originating in Bengal, India. Patchouli arrived in Europe during the Victorian period when everyone wanted to wear cashmere shawls from India. When they were packed for transportation a whiff of patchouli always clung to them. It was also used to give Indian ink its characteristic scent and dried patchouli leaves were laid amongst linen for their moth repellent properties. Patchouli oil is useful as an antiseptic particularly as a first aid treatment for minor burns as it has an anti-inflammatory effect. The oil also helps irritated nerves and calming anxiety with its strong earthy scent. It is very useful in skincare as it is a very effective cell regenerator and, unlike other oils, it seems to improve with age. Plant source: Dried leaves of the perennial bushy herb. Plant family: Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Country of origin: India, Indonesia Method of production: Steam distillation. Aroma characteristics: Earthy, sweet and spicy; strong, deep and exotic. Odour intensity: High Note: Base Blends well with; Bergamot, Black Pepper, Clary Sage, Frankincense, Geranium, Ginger, Lavender, Lemongrass, Myrrh, Neroli, Pine, Rose, Rosewood and Sandalwood. Main chemical constituents: Features alcohols, sesquiterpenes, oxides, ketones and monoterpenes.



Patchouli’s key properties: Antidepressant Antiseptic Aphrodisiac Astringent Cytophylactic Carminative Deodorant Diuretic Digestive Febrifuge Fungicidal Insecticide Immuno-stimulant Relaxant Sedative Stomachic Tonic Aromatherapy use: Skin: Effective for oily skin, acne, cracked and chapped skin, wounds, sores, infections, inflammation, allergies, eczema, athlete’s foot, fungal infections/impetigo, ringworm and excessive perspiration. Digestive System: Nervous digestion, nausea, flatulence and possibly habits of over-eating. Circulatory System: Hypertension, varicose veins, haemorrhoids, fluid retention and cellulite. Immune System: Colds, flu, infections, fevers and lowered immunity. Nervous System: Depression, nervous exhaustion, stress-related conditions, anxiety and tension. Psychological profile: Patchouli is helpful for anxiety, apprehension, depression, indecision, insecurity, mood swings and negativity. Safety data: Non-toxic, non-irritating & non-sensitising. Use during Pregnancy: Use in small amounts and well diluted. Due to the fact that Patchouli is highly odorous, it is advisable to use it sparingly in a blend. Patchouli is calming, grounding, clearing and uplifting.



Sandalwood Santalum Album

Sandalwood oil has been the most used essence in a perfume in its own right. The sandalwood tree grows to a height of 20-30 feet and has red, yellow, violet/pink flowers. Only the inner-wood, known as heart-wood is used. It is one of the most important plants in Indian culture, being used for spiritual, ritual and medicinal purposes. Sandalwood has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine for skin revitalisation. Recent research and Brigham Young University documented its ability to inhibit many types of cancerous cells. Sandalwood is a valuable fixative and is widely used in high-class perfumes. The scent is woody, sweet, reminiscent of rose, with a spicy, oriental undertone. It has a very pronounced action on the mucous membrane of the genito-urinary and pulmonary tracts, and is often used in chronic infections in these areas. Its expectorant and anti-spasmodic properties are also very useful in chronic bronchitis and coughs. Sandalwood is a very subtle oil but it does have powerful effects on the skin and respiratory system. It is also a valuable antidepressant and an aid to stress-related conditions, especially associated with anxiety. Plant origin: Roots and heartwood of the tree. Plant family: Santalaceae Country of origin: India Method of extraction: Water or steam distillation. Aroma characteristics: Very subtle, woody and exotic aroma. Odour intensity: Medium Note: Base Blends well with; Rose, Jasmine, Lavender, Geranium, Patchouli, Vetiver, Myrrh, Bergamot, Petitgrain and Neroli.



Main chemical constituents: Features alcohols, sesquiterpenes, traces of monoterpene, limonene, phenols and ketones. Sandalwood’s key properties: Antidepressant Antiseptic Antispasmodic Aphrodisiac Antitumoral Astringent Anti-inflammatory Bactericidal Carminative Diuretic Expectorant Immune stimulant Sedative Tonic Aromatherapy use: Skin: Effective for dry, dehydrated, oily skins, acne, inflammations, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, chapped, cracked or damaged skin. Digestive System: Nervous digestion, diarrhoea and nausea. Immune System: Colds, flu and infections. Lymphatic System: Cellulite Nervous System: Anxiety, depression, insomnia, nervous tension, over-excitability and stress-related problems. Respiratory System: Bronchitis, catarrh, whooping cough, sore throat, laryngitis and asthma. Urinary System: Cystitis, urinary tract infections and burning on passing urine. Psychological profile: Sandalwood is helpful for apprehension, emotional exhaustion, insecurity, fear, lack of courage, nervous tension, sensitivity, shyness, tearfulness and weakness of spirit. Safety data: Non-toxic, non-irritating and non-sensitising. Use during Pregnancy: Use in small amounts and well diluted.



Sandalwood is a powerful oil helping with depression and stress-related conditions. It can be grounding and stabilising. It is also used as a fragrance and fixative in perfumes, toiletries and cosmetics.

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