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Module 2 : Part 1Module 2 : Part 1
INTRODUCTION
TO HARDWARE & SOFTWARE
INTRODUCTION
TO HARDWARE & SOFTWARE
Module ObjectivesModule Objectives
At the end of the module, students should be able to:
– identify the terms and concept related to computer hardware and software
– identify the six basic unit of a computer
– identify the two types of computer software
– explain the differences between application software and system software
Hardware Vs. Software ???Hardware Vs. Software ???
• Hardware - objects that we can actually touch, like disks, disk drives, display screens, keyboards, printers, boards, and chips.
• Software - untouchable. Software exists as ideas, concepts, and symbols, but it has no substance.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/hardware.html
Hardware Vs. Software ???Hardware Vs. Software ???
• Books provide a useful analogy. • The pages and the ink are the
hardware, while the words, sentences, paragraphs, and the overall meaning are the software.
• A computer without software is like a book full of blank pages – you need software to make the computer
useful just as you need words to make a book meaningful
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/hardware.html
Basic Unit of A Computer Basic Unit of A Computer
• Every computer can be divided into six basic units :1. Input Unit
• “Receiving” section of computer• Obtains data from input devices
– Usually a keyboard, mouse, disk or scanner
• Places data at disposal of other units
Basic Unit of A Computer Basic Unit of A Computer
2. Output Unit• “Shipping” section of computer• Puts processed data/info on various output
devices – Monitor (screens), printers, projector, speakers
• Makes info available outside the computer
Basic Unit of A ComputerBasic Unit of A Computer
3. Memory Unit• Rapid access, low capacity “warehouse”• Retains information entered through input unit• Retains info that has already been processed until can
be sent to output unit• Often called memory, primary memory, or random
access memory (RAM)
Basic Unit of A ComputerBasic Unit of A Computer
4. Arithmetic and Logic Unit• “Manufacturing” section of computer• Performs calculations (addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division)• Contains decision mechanisms and can
make comparisons• The Arithmetic and Logic unit is responsible
for doing the actual computing and so can be considered to be the brain of the computer
Basic Unit of A ComputerBasic Unit of A Computer
5. Central Processing Unit (CPU)– “Administrative” section of computer -
coordinates and supervises other sections
– the heart of the computer where all the computing is done.
– All the other devices are concerned with moving data to or from the CPU.
– The central processing unit consists of three main components, the control unit, the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), and the registers.
Basic Unit of A ComputerBasic Unit of A Computer
6. Secondary Storage Unit• Long-term, high-capacity “warehouse”• Stores programs or data not currently being used by
other units on secondary storage devices (like discs) • Takes longer to access than primary memory
Basic Computer HardwareBasic Computer Hardware
http://www.canr.msu.edu/vanburen/techindx.htm
Inside the computer…Inside the computer…
• PC (IBM-Compatible)– Emphasis on Business Computing– More popular platform in the world– Normally CPU powered By Intel, AMD– Normally Windows is the OS for PC – First PC was introduced by IBM
Common Computer PlatformCommon Computer Platform
Common Computer PlatformCommon Computer Platform
• Apple Macintosh– Very popular for computer graphics application– Very good Graphical User Interface– Native Digital Video File format (QuickTime)– Latest CPU=G5 processor (2.7 GHz)– OS System is MAC OS
What is Software ?What is Software ?
• Series of instructions or programs that process data • Two types :
– System software• Used mainly by the computer
– Application software• Used only by the user
• The purpose of software is to cause a task, process, or computation to be performed.
• A task can include the retrieval, storage, or display of information.
• A computer system requires software to make the best use of its capabilities and to solve problems
What is System Software ?What is System Software ?
• Enables application software to interact with computer hardware
• A “Background” software manage internal computer resources and coordinate the application software requests with computer hardware without user interaction
• Operating system software
• Most important system software• Executes application software• Stores data and programs• manages all the overall operation of the computer system• I.e. Eg. Window XP, Windows 2000, Linux, UNIX,
Sun Solaris, Mac OS X
• Windows platform (NT, 98, 98se, ME, 2000, XP, 2003) is currently the dominating OS for the personal computer (IBM-PC and compatible).
• By Microsoft.
Popular Operating SystemPopular Operating System
Windows OS
Windows OS
Popular Operating SystemPopular Operating System
Mac OS• The main operating
system for the Apple Macintosh.
• The most advanced version is Mac OS X.
• Previous version includes Mac OS 8.0 and 9.0.
Windows OS
Popular Operating SystemPopular Operating System
Linux OS• Open Source operating
system• Many
distributions/versions• Red Hat 9.0, Mandrake,
SuSE, Lindows, Knoppix and many others
What is Application Software ?What is Application Software ?
• General-purpose programs
– Some types: Browsers, Spreadsheet,
Database management systems,
presentation graphics, word processor
– i.e Internet Explorer, Microsoft Word,
PowerPoint
• Special-purpose programs
– Custom written for specialized tasks– written for an organization’s or business
type’s specific purpose – i.e. Online Registration System
•End-user software enter commands and typically interact with
application programs.
Application SoftwareApplication Software
Word processor Spreadsheets Databases
Communications Others - GroupwarePresentation