Module 12 (RIP)

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2008 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. ExtremeXOS Operation and Configuration, Version 12.1. Part number DOC-00919.

Configuring RIP

ExtremeXOS Operation andConfiguration, Version 12.1

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Slide 2

Student Objectives

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:

Describe the RIP routing protocol.

Identify the limitations of RIP version 1.

List the benefits of RIP version 2.

Interpret RIP routing table entries.

Describe the Split Horizon and Poison Reverse loop resolution protocols.

Describe the operation of triggered updates.

Configure the RIP routing protocol.

Verify the RIP configuration.

Test RIP operation.

Note: Depending on the needs of the students, the instructor may

choose to reduce or eliminate the protocol overview portion of this module.

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Slide 3

Limitations of Manual Configuration

What if you have 50 switches, 10 subnetworks, a meshed topology,and 500 devices, what now?

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Slide 4

Routing Information Protocol

A distance-vector protocol usedas an Interior Gateway Protocol.

First used in the AdvancedResearch Projects AgencyNetwork (ARPAnet) as early as

1969.It is primarily intended for use inhomogeneous networks ofmoderate size (20-30 switches orless).

Relatively simple to understand

and implement.

Each router creates its routingtable based on route informationexchanged between neighbors.

Supported by all Extreme

Networks switches.

Distance-Vector

Distance - Hop Count

Vector - Next Hop Router

RIP Network

?

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Slide 5

Routing Information Protocol (Continued)

The router exchanges updatemessages with each neighborevery 30 seconds.

Stale routes are removed from the

routing table.There are two versions of RIP.

In RIP V1, 25 routes can beadvertised in a single packet. Thislimits the maximum packet size to512 octets.

Supports 2 types of loopresolution protocols.

Split Horizon, Poison Reverse

Supports triggered updates.

RIP Network

Updates Every 30 Seconds

?

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Slide 6

Limitations of RIP Version 1

Only understands class A, B, andC IP addresses.

Does not propagate subnetworkmask information in its updates.

Cannot support variable lengthsubnetwork masks.

Uses broadcasts for updatedelivery.

It is an insecure routing protocol.

Updates:

Sent as broadcast

Networks only (no subnetworkmasks)

RIP Network

?

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RIP Version 2

Fixes many of the limitations ofRIP-1.

Is a classless routing protocol.

Supports variable length

subnetwork masking.Supports Classless InternetDomain Routing (CIDR).

Has features to make it backwardcompatible with RIP Version 1.

Supports authentication (notsupported on Extreme Switches).

Clear text password

MD5 checksum (RFC 2082)

Uses multicast for updatedelivery.

RIPv2 network

Network 129.128.128.0

Subnet 255.255.192.0

Network 129.128.128.0

Subnet 255.255.192.0Network 129.128.0.0

RIPv1 network

RIPv2 network

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Routing Table and Route Advertisement

Contains an entry for every knowndestination network.

Contains the followinginformation:

Origin of the route.

IP Address of destination network.

IP address of the next router(gateway).

Metric (hop count) to the destinationnetwork.

Duration of time since the last entryupdate.

Route Advertisement of VLANs

Only those VLANs configured withan IP address, configured to forwardIP, and running RIP have theirsubnetworks advertised.

Ori Destination Gateway Mtr Flags VLAN Duration

*r 10.10.11.0/24 10.10.99.121 2 UG-----um-- bbone 0d:0h:18m:36s

*r 10.10.20.0/24 10.10.99.122 3 UG-----um-- bbone 0d:0h:09m:06s

*r 10.10.33.0/24 10.10.99.124 2 UG-----um-- bbone 0d:0h:18m:53s

*d 10.10.55.0/24 10.10.55.126 1 U------u--- white 0d:3h:21m:52s

d 10.10.60.0/24 10.10.60.126 1 -------u--- brown 0d:3h:21m:00s

*d 10.10.99.0/24 10.10.99.126 1 U------u--- bbone 0d:3h:21m:35s

*d 127.0.0.1/8 127.0.0.1 0 U-H----um-- white 0d:3h:34m:16s

Route Table

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Routing Loops

Router A advertises the route tothe target network to Router B.

Router B advertises the route tothe target network learned from A

to C.Router C advertises the routeback to router B over the port thatsupplied the route.

Router B believes it has tworoutes to the target network when

actually only one exists.When the valid route becomesunavailable the router tries to usethe alternate route.

Traffic is sent over the originalroute and looped back again.

Target Network

A

C

B

Problem!!

Target NetworkUsing A M=1

Target NetworkUsing B M= 2

Target NetworkUsing C M=3

B Routing Table

Target network using A M=1

Target network using C M=3

C Routing Table

Target network using B M=2

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Counting to Infinity Problem

Complex networks can containmultiple routing loops.

Routers re-advertise routes outinterfaces from which they were

learned.When the valid route becomesunavailable routers advertiseroutes with ever increasing hopcount metrics.

Old route entries will be replaced

by new route entries.Behavior repeats until the maxhop count reaches infinity (16 -unreachable).

Causes slow convergence.

Target Network

C

B

C Routing Table


B Routing Table


Target Network using C M=16

A

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Split Horizon

Used to prevent routing loop.

Enabled by default on the switch.

Router does not advertise a routeback out the port that the route

was originally learned on.The possibility of a loop has beeneliminated using split horizon.

Split Horizon prevents

route from being sent!!

Target Network

Target Network

Using C M=3

A

C

B

Target Network

Using A M=0

Target Network

Using B M= 1

C Routing Table


B Routing Table


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Poison Reverse

Routers advertise routes with hopcount of 16 (unreachable).

Faster convergence.

Poison Reverse takes precedence

over split horizon when both areenabled to prevent loops.

Enabled by default.

Possible increased size of routingmessages.

Target Network

Target NetworkUsing C M=16

A

C

BTarget Network using C M=16Target Network using A M=1

B Routing Table

Target Network using B M=2C Routing Table

Target NetworkUsing A M=0

Target NetworkUsing B M= 1Poison Reverse causes

Router C to advertisesroute as unreachable.

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Triggered Updates

Sent out whenever the metric for aroute changes and the router isrequired to send an updateimmediately.

Even if it is not yet time for a regularupdate message to be sent.

Generally result in fasterconvergence.

Results in more RIP-related traffic.

Target Network

BA Target = 0

Target = 1

Target = 2

Target = 4Target = 4

Target = 6



Target = 3



failed route

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RIP Limitations

Limit of 15 hops between thesource and the destinationnetworks.

Bandwidth taken up by periodicbroadcasts of entire routing table.

Slow convergence.

Routing decisions based on hopcount.

Flat networks; no concept ofareas or boundaries.

RIP Network

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RIP Configuration Steps

Create and configure VLANs.

1. Configure the VLAN with an IP address.

2. Enable IP Forwarding.

3. Enable RIP on VLANs that do RIP routing.4. Enable RIP globally on the switch.

5. Verify RIP configuration.

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General IP Configuration Commands

Create and configure VLANs:

create vlan

configure vlan add ports

Configure VLAN with an IP address: configure vlan ipaddress

{ | }

Enable IP forwarding:

enable ipforwarding

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RIP Specific Configuration Commands

Enable RIP on VLANs that do RIP routing:

configure rip add vlan [ | all]

Enable RIP globally on the switch:

enable ripDisable RIP on VLANs:

configure rip delete vlan [ | all]

Disable RIP globally on the switch:

disable rip

When RIP is disabled on the interface, the parameters are not resetto their defaults.

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Slide 18

RIP Configuration Example

Configuration for R1:

create vlan vlan1ripconfigure vlan1rip add ports 1configure vlan1rip ipaddress 10.1.0.1/24

create vlan vlan0rip

configure vlan0rip add ports 2,3configure vlan0rip ipaddress 10.0.0.1/24

enable ipforwardingconfigure rip add vlan vlan0ripconfigure rip add vlan vlan1ripenable rip

Similar configurations for R2 and R3

.1

10.0.0.0 / 24VLAN0rip

.2

.1

.3

.2

10.2.0.0 / 24VLAN2rip

.3

10.3.0.0 / 24VLAN3rip

R2 R3

R1

10.1.0.0 / 24

VLAN1rip

RIP Network

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Slide 19

RIP Timer and Cost Configuration Commands

Configure RIP update timer:

configure rip updatetime {}

Configure RIP route timeout:

configure rip routetimeout {}Configure RIP garbage time:

configure rip garbagetime {}

Configure RIP VLAN cost:

configure rip vlan [ | all] cost

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Slide 20

Additional RIP Configuration Commands

Configure RIP receive version:

configure rip rxmode vlan [vlan name | all][none | v1only | v2only | any]

Configure RIP transmit version:

configure rip txmode vlan [vlan name | all][none | v1only | v2only | any]

Enable or disable specific RIP features:

[enable | disable] rip [aggregation | export ||originate-default | poisonreverse | splithorizon |

triggerupdates | use-ip-router-alert]

Unconfigure RIP:

unconfigure rip {vlan }

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Slide 21

Verifying RIP Configuration

Timers

RIP, Split Horizon, Triggered Updates, Poison Reverse Status

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Slide 22

Verifying RIP Interfaces and Routes

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Slide 23

Verifying IP Forwarding and VLAN Interface

VLAN name and IP address

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Slide 24

Verifying the Route Source

Preferred route flag

Origin of route is RIP

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Slide 25

Summary

You should now be able to:

Describe the RIP routing protocol.

Identify the limitations of RIP version 1.

List the benefits of RIP version 2.Interpret RIP routing table entries.

Describe the Split Horizon and Poison Reverse loop resolutionprotocols.

Describe the operation of triggered updates.

Configure the RIP routing protocol.

Verify the RIP configuration.

Test RIP operation.

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Slide 26

Lab

Turn to the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Labin the ExtremeXOS Operations and Configuration - Lab Guide Rev. 12.1and complete the hands-on portion of this module.

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Review Questions

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This presentation contains forward-looking statements that involverisks and uncertainties, including statements regarding ourexpectations as to products, trends and our performance. There can be

no assurances that any forward-looking statements will be achieved,and actual results could differ materially from forecasts and estimates.For factors that may affect our business and financial results pleaserefer to our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission,including, without limitation, under the captions: ManagementsDiscussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results ofOperations, and Risk Factors, which is on file with the Securities andExchange Commission (http://www.sec.gov). We undertake noobligation to update the forward-looking information in this release.
http://www.sec.gov/http://www.sec.gov/

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Module 12 (RIP)